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BlackRock files S-1 form for spot Ether ETF with SEC

BlackRock filed a Form S-1 with the U.S. SEC a week after registering its iShares Ethereum Trust with Delaware’s Division of Corporations.

BlackRock, the world’s largest asset manager, officially filed for a spot Ether exchange-traded fund (ETF) with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Nov. 15.

The Ether (ETH) ETF, dubbed the iShares Ethereum Trust, aims to “reflect generally the performance of the price of Ether,” read the S-1 filed with the SEC. The iShares brand is associated with BlackRock's ETF products, with its Bitcoin (BTC) ETF called the iShares Bitcoin Trust. The trust appoints Coinbase as the custodian for the underlying ETH.

The move by BlackRock comes nearly a week after it registered the iShares Ethereum Trust with Delaware’s Division of Corporations and almost six months after it filed its spot Bitcoin ETF application.

BlackRock spot Ether ETF Form S-1 filing. Source: SEC

BlackRock started the spot Bitcoin ETF rush earlier in 2023, demonstrating the growing interest of institutions in the crypto market. Within six months, it now joins the growing list of institutions filing for a spot ETH ETF.

Filing for a spot ETF is a two-step process where the ETF issuer must get SEC approval from the Trading and Markets division on its 19b-4 filing and the Corporate Finance division on its S-1 filing or prospectus.

The spot Ethereum ETF rush in 2023 began in early November when the SEC acknowledged Grayscale Investment’s application to convert its Ethereum trust into an ETF. 

Many institutional giants filed for crypto spot ETFs during the last bull cycle as well, only to face rejection from the SEC, which claimed the size of the crypto market was not big enough for a spot crypto ETF.

Related: Spot Bitcoin ETF hype reignited zest for blockchain games: Yat Siu

Market pundits and ETF analysts have predicted that the chances of approval for a spot Bitcoin ETF by early 2024 are as high as 90%, while approval for the spot ETH ETF might come after that.

The institutional rush into cryptocurrency-based spot ETFs comes as the crypto market is in a recovery phase, having gained a significant chunk of lost ground from the last bear market.

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Swan Bitcoin to terminate customer accounts that use crypto-mixing services

Swan co-founder Yan Pritzker said the firm is pro-privacy and doesn’t oppose customers’ use of such services, but to work, it has to follow FinCEN regulations.

Bitcoin (BTC) services platform Swan Bitcoin warned its customers that it would be forced to terminate accounts found interacting with crypto-mixing due to the regulatory obligations of its partner banks. 

Customers were informed about the policy in a letter suggesting the changes are due to the United States Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) proposed rule establishing new responsibilities on firms processing transactions from mixing services.

On Nov. 12, the co-founder of the firm, Yan Pritzker, took to X (formerly Twitter) to explain that although the firm is not against the use of privacy mixing tools and services, it has to adhere to the obligations of its partner banking institutions.

Pritzker said that the proposed FinCEN rule is poorly written and covers a huge amount of Bitcoin-related activities, such as using BTC addresses only once, mixing funds and prohibiting the use of any programmable transactions, such as on Lightning Network channels.

He added that mixing services are painted with a scary brush instead of what they are: a common way to break large amounts of Bitcoin into small ones with privacy in focus.

Financial regulators in the U.S. have portrayed crypto-mixing services as a route for illicit activities and have sought to curb the services. Regulators have sanctioned such activities and have also prosecuted and jailed the creators of Tornado Cash. Pritzker added:

“In fact, we have written and published privacy guides that encourage mixing and promoted companies like Wasabi and Samourai. We believe that mixing is normal, privacy is not a crime, and that using unmixed Bitcoin is similar to bringing your whole paycheck to the grocery store to pay for an apple.“

Pritzker stated that the current political climate has put a lot of fear into the banking sector, with most banks simply refusing to do business with anything in crypto. Thus, for them to continue their Bitcoin on-ramp services, their custody partner has to interact with banking services governed by FinCEN regulations.

In its letter to customers, Swan Bitcoin also suggested ways such policies can be opposed and said educating the masses on Bitcoin is the first step towards that.

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Swiss crypto bank SEBA gets Hong Kong SFC license

SEBA began its quest for Hong Kong expansion late last year, setting up an office in November 2022 and by August 2023, the firm obtained an in-principle approval to offer virtual asset trading services.

Switzerland-based crypto bank SEBA AG has become the latest crypto-centered firm to obtain a license from the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFC).

SEBA’s Hong Kong subsidiary, SEBA Hong Kong, received the regulatory nod to offer a range of crypto-related services in the region. According to the data available on the SFC website, SEBA received the license on 3rd Nov.

SEBA SFC license details. Source: SFC

The license makes way for SEBA in dealing and distribution of all securities, including virtual assets-related products such as over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. The license marks SEBA’s first footprint in the Asia Pacific region.

SEBA first launched an office in Hong Kong in November 2022 with a focus on expanding its services in the region and received an in-principle approval from SFC to offer virtual asset trading services in August earlier this year. Apart from Switzerland, SEBA is also active in Abu Dhabi and now Hong Kong.

The SFC license will also allow SEBA to offer advice on securities and virtual assets and conduct asset management for discretionary accounts in traditional and virtual assets. The license will also allow the Swiss firm to offer its services to Institutional and professional investors, including corporate treasuries, funds, family offices and high-net-worth individuals.

Related: US ‘the only country’ crypto startups should avoid, says Ripple CEO

Franz Bergmueller, the CEO of SEBA Group, in an official statement, said that Hong Kong has been at the centre of the crypto economy since Bitcoin’s inception, and they are happy to become a part of the Hong Kong virtual asset economy while adding:

“The region’s robust legal system provides a solid foundation to conduct crypto-related service. This regulatory clarity not only benefits our business but also supplements Hong Kong’s status as a global financial services hub, home to a multitude of market leaders in banking, asset management, and capital markets. “

Hong Kong 2023 marked its presence in the global crypto economy by setting up favorable regulations for crypto companies to flourish. The city has set up a rigorous license regime, making way for only a selected few platforms to offer its services to both international and retail customers. Out of nearly a hundred firms that showed interest in opening their services in Hong Kong when the government announced a crypto license, only a handful of them managed to secure the actual license.

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VARA demonstrates how regulators, market can work in tandem: VARA Vice Chair

Deepa Raja Carbon told Cointelegraph that VARA took a collaborative approach and consulted stakeholders, legislators and the general public to develop its virtual asset regulatory guidelines.

The Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority [VARA] is one of the earliest world regulatory bodies to release comprehensive crypto assets regulations to promote crypto-related activities in Dubai. Established in March 2022, VARA was created to promote the Emirate as a regional and international hub for virtual assets and related services.

VARA released a comprehensive regulatory framework for virtual asset service providers (VASP) in February this year. The regulatory framework includes four compulsory rulebooks and activity-specific rulebooks for VASPs. These rules will govern VASPs operating within the Dubai region only. The VARA framework also includes a rulebook for marketing, advertising and promotions by VASPs.

Cointelegraph spoke to Deepa Raja Carbon, Managing Director and Vice Chair at VARA, to gain insight into regulatory bodies’ views on the nascent technology and critical challenges they faced while establishing the framework for the crypto assets. When enquired about VARA’s approach toward virtual assets and what made them successful compared to other global regulators, Raja said that VARA’s unique proposition lies in its agility and collaborative ethos and its ability to respond swiftly to market needs.

Raja explained that VARA follows the ethos underpinning a philosophy that seeks to “find the highest point of convergence as a universal threshold rather than a minimum standard baseline is what will ultimately elevate and scale the entire ecosystem.”

“VARA is setting a precedent for how regulators can work in cohort with the market, dynamically adjusting to its pulse to sculpt a regulatory environment that is robust, resilient, and responsive: the 3R-Pyramid. It is this combination of speed, collaboration, and unwavering dedication to quality that defines our progress and, we believe, will help usher in a new era of borderless economic opportunity with traceable, hence minimized, cross-border risks,” Raja added.

When asked about the key challenges faced by VARA while establishing these virtual asset frameworks, the vice chair noted that crafting guidelines for a nascent industry like virtual assets is undeniably challenging. She added that the regulatory body rigorously analyzed existing frameworks and keenly observed the learning curves experienced by other regulatory bodies.

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Raja told Cointelegraph that the regulatory body followed an inherently consultative and collaborative approach by engaging with various stakeholders ranging from industry leaders to innovators, peer regulators to legislators, and the common public.

“We ensured our guidelines are not only comprehensive but also resonate with the needs and realities of the market. By working in concert with Dubai’s established entities like DET and the DFZC for Mainland and the various free zones, we’ve crafted a unified and fungible framework.”

VARA’s crypto regulations aim to make Dubai one of the industry's hot spots as more countries in the East look to attract virtual asset businesses. Hong Kong has also made big strides in crypto regulation in 2023, setting up various regulatory guidelines for crypto platforms catering to retail and institutional clients.

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Rising M2 money supply will see crypto become ‘Super Massive Black Hole’: Raoul Pal

Historically, the cryptocurrency market has benefited from the rise in global money supply, as the majority of bull runs in the past coincided with the rise in fiat supply.

The rising total money supply (M2) could propel crypto into another bull rally and help it outperform the traditional markets, according to Raoul Pal, co-founder and CEO of financial media platform Real Vision. Pal’s X post highlighted the correlation between the rising fiat market supply and the start of the crypto bull run.

Pal, in an X (formerly Twitter) post, shared a graph comparing Bitcoin’s (BTC) yearly performance against the global M2 money supply, indicating the simultaneous rise of Bitcoin and global M2 supply. Historically, the Bitcoin and cryptocurrency markets have started outperforming the traditional financial markets with a rise in global M2 supply.

Bitcoin vs. global M2 supply. Source: Global Macro Investor

The chart above shows that Bitcoin’s price is on the verge of decoupling from the traditional market with a rising M2 supply, which has been the case historically, as evident from the spike in BTC’s performance in 2021, 2017 and 2014.

Bitcoin/NDX vs. global M2 supply. Source: Global Macro Investor

Pal said he “loves Global M2... this is when BTC outperforms the NDX and crypto becomes the Super Massive Black Hole.”

The M2 is the amount the United States Federal Reserve estimates to be in circulation; it comprises all cash that people own and all money placed in savings accounts, checking accounts and other short-term savings instruments like certificates of deposit.

Related: First Bitcoin ETF trades $1.5B as GBTC ‘discount’ echoes $69K BTC price

A Bitcoin bull run is often linked to the block reward halving every four years, with the next one scheduled for April 2024, as it reduces the market supply of BTC against growing demand. However, the halving is not the sole factor behind the surge, as several macroeconomic factors also play a key role.

Over the past decade, Bitcoin’s price has made significant gains during the fast growth of M2, owing to a reduction in interest rates, quantitative easing and fiscal stimulus. On the contrary, during times of monetary tightening by central banks, the cryptocurrency market has struggled to gain bullish momentum. The 2021 bull market coincided with 6% or higher aggregate M2 growth at the Fed, European Central Bank, Bank of Japan and People’s Bank of China.

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BlackRock fined $2.5M by SEC for incorrect investment disclosure

The SEC charges for the world’s largest asset manager came on the same day as a DTCC listing of its spot Bitcoin ETF was spotted, however, a spokesperson from DTCC confirmed that the listing has been there since August.

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission has fined investment adviser BlackRock Advisors, LLC $2.5 million, accusing it of failing to accurately describe investments in the entertainment industry that comprised a significant portion of a publicly traded fund it managed.

According to the SEC's filing, between 2015 and 2019, BlackRock Multi-Sector Income Trust (BIT) made sizeable investments in a print and advertising business called Aviron Group, LLC, that worked on one to two films annually, through a loan facility.

The SEC alleged that BlackRock incorrectly referred to Aviron as a company that provided "Diversified Financial Services" in a number of BIT's annual and semi-annual reports that were made available to investors publicly. The SEC also alleged that BlackRock misrepresented Aviron's interest rate by claiming that it was higher than it actually was. However, the asset manager discovered these errors in 2019 and corrected information about Aviron's investment in the following years.

Andrew Dean, Co-Chief of the Enforcement Division’s Asset Management Unit at the SEC said that the investment advisers have a responsibility to provide accurate vital information about the assets of the funds it manages, and “BlackRock failed to do so with the Aviron investment.”

BlackRock agreed to pay a $2.5 million penalty for the incorrect investment disclosure agreement. Although the investment was unrelated to the crypto ecosystem, the world’s largest asset manager has been in the crypto limelight for its proposed spot Bitcoin ETF.

Related: Bitcoin ETF to trigger massive demand from institutions, EY says

The SEC charges against BlackRock for investment discourse failure came on the same day as its spot Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF) was noticed listed on the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC) listing prompting many to believe the spot Bitcoin approval is near.

iShares Bitcoin ETF listing on DTCC. Source: DTCC

Bloomberg ETF analyst Eric Balchunas called DTCC listing “all part of the process” of bringing a crypto ETF to market. However, within hours of the DTCC listing, the spot Bitcoin ETF was removed from the platform and reappeared within hours, creating confusion among the crypto community, However, a DTCC spokesperson later confirmed that iShares Bitcoin ETF has been listed on the platform since August, and said the move is not indicative of any regulatory approval.

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Bitcoin ETF to trigger massive demand from institutions, EY says

Bitcoin is facing a lot of pent-up demand from institutions amid investors closely monitoring spot Bitcoin ETF news, Ernst & Young’s global blockchain leader Paul Brody says.

Bitcoin (BTC) is in massive demand from institutional investors but awaits a spot BTC exchange-traded fund (ETF) approval to trigger a buying rally, according to a blockchain executive at the professional services provider Ernst & Young (EY).

EY’s global blockchain leader Paul Brody believes that Bitcoin faces a lot of pent-up demand from institutions due to United States regulators not approving a spot Bitcoin ETF for years.

Brody discussed the outlook for the cryptocurrency adoption on CNBC’s Crypto Decrypted on Oct. 23, declaring that trillions of dollars in institutional money are waiting to enter Bitcoin once a BTC ETF is approved.

“But any of these other institutional funds, they can’t touch this stuff unless it’s an ETF or some other kind of regulatory blessed activity,” EY’s blockchain expert said, adding:

“If you look at people who are buying Bitcoin, they are buying it as an asset. They are not buying it as a payment tool. Those who are buying Ethereum, are buying it as a computing platform for business transactions and DeFi [decentralized finance] services.”

Brody’s remarks come amid global investors closely watching the crypto regulatory process by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which has not approved a single spot Bitcoin ETF so far. A number of companies, including Grayscale Investments, ARK Investment, BlackRock and Fidelity, have filed with the SEC for multiple Bitcoin ETF products and are awaiting a regulatory response.

Related: Grayscale files for new spot Bitcoin ETF on NYSE Arca

Grayscale, which in August 2023 won an SEC lawsuit for a spot Bitcoin ETF review, has recently filed an S-3 form registration statement with the SEC to list its Grayscale Bitcoin Trust on the New York Stock Exchange Arca.

According to Bloomberg senior ETF analyst Eric Balchunas, a recent amendment to the spot Bitcoin ETF by ARK Invest and 21Shares is a “good sign” of progress and impending approvals. The ETF expert believes that the ETF amendments filed in mid-October 2023 could be in direct response to concerns the SEC has asked ETF issuers to address.

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UK tops crypto activity in Central, Northern and Western Europe: Chainalysis

Crypto adoption in the United Kingdom has been growing as the country adopts more regulations targeting crypto and stablecoins, the study shows.

The United Kingdom has emerged as a major cryptocurrency economy worldwide and the biggest crypto country in terms of raw transaction volume in Central, Northern and Western Europe (CNWE), according to a new study.

The blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis released two new chapters of its 2023 Geography of Cryptocurrency report on Oct. 18, including its brand new CNWE study and the second edition on Eastern Europe.

According to the CNWE-focused report, the region was the second-largest crypto economy in the world over the past year, behind only North America. The region accounted for 17.6% of global transaction volume between July 2022 and June 2023, receiving an estimated $1 trillion in on-chain value during the time period.

The U.K. has topped CNWE’s biggest crypto economies list and ranked third in the world in terms of transaction volumes after the United States and India. According to Chainalysis, the U.K. received an estimated $252.1 billion in cryptocurrency transactions in the past year.

Other big crypto economies in the CNWE included Germany and Spain, which received around $120 billion and $110 billion in crypto transactions over the past year, respectively. These countries are followed by major crypto economies like France, Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden and others.

Top countries by cryptocurrency value received between July 2022 and June 2023. Source: Chainalysis

Some crypto analysts have previously hinted at growing crypto adoption in the United Kingdom. In February, the crypto tax platform Recap reported that London was the world’s most crypto-ready city for business, beating Dubai and New York.

The significant level of crypto adoption in the U.K. comes amid the country adopting several cryptocurrency regulations. The U.K. government has been steadily progressing toward adopting the Financial Services and Markets Bill, which adds a definition of crypto assets to the existing financial services legislation and provides a regulatory framework for stablecoins like Tether (USDT).

Related: Chainalysis axes another 15% of staff, citing difficult market conditions

In October 2023, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority enforced the Financial Promotions Regime, establishing a regulated standard for crypto firms to promote their business without hurting investors. Previously, the U.K. also adopted the U.K. crypto “Travel Rule” in September 2023, requiring crypto asset businesses in the U.K. to collect, verify and share certain information about certain crypto asset transfers.

In addition to the CNWE report, Chainalysis also released a detailed report on Eastern Europe, which is the fourth-largest crypto market, according to the firm. The region received $445 billion in crypto between July 2022 and June 2023, representing 8.9% of global transaction activity during the analyzed period.

Chainalysis did not immediately respond to Cointelegraph’s request for information about the methodology of its study and what types of crypto transactions were included in the analysis. This article will be updated pending new information.

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US government among largest Bitcoin hodlers with over $5B in BTC: Report

The $5-billion estimation is based on three major seizures linked to the Bitfinex hack and Silk Road, meaning the actual holdings could be much larger.

The United States government has become one of the largest Bitcoin (BTC) holders, with over 200,000 BTC worth more than $5 billion despite selling a few thousand BTC worth millions earlier this year.

According to a data analysis based on public filings, crypto firm 21.co estimated that the U.S. government still holds 194,188 BTC, estimated to be worth $5.3 billion. The firm noted in its analysis that these are “lower-bound estimations of the U.S. government holdings based on publicly available information.”

U.S. government Bitcoin holdings. Source: Dune

The analysis tracked the Bitcoin movement of the U.S. government wallets associated with the three largest BTC seizures since 2020, namely the Silk Road seizure of 69,369 BTC in November 2020, the Bitfinex Hack seizure of 94,643 BTC in January 2022, and the James Zhong seizure of 51,326 BTC in March 2022.

Key Bitcoin seizures by U.S. government. Source: Dune

The government Bitcoin stash is kept primarily offline in encrypted storage devices known as hardware wallets kept under the Justice Department and the Internal Revenue Service. The U.S. government made two significant seizures in 2022.

Related: US government plans to sell 41K Bitcoin connected to Silk Road

Seized assets do not instantly belong to the government. The U.S. Marshals Service, the principal agency charged with selling seized property, only receives possession of the seized Bitcoin after a court issues a definitive forfeiture judgment.

The U.S. government also sells a portion of the seized Bitcoin from time to time through an auction system based on court liquidation orders. The most notable government auction dates back to 2014, when billionaire Tim Draper bought 30,000 BTC from U.S. government auctions in 2014.

However, in recent years, the U.S. government has turned to crypto exchanges to sell seized Bitcoin over public auctions. One such sale came in March earlier this year when the government sold 9,118 BTC on Coinbase, as confirmed through a public filing.

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Hong Kong police recover $11M worth of assets in JPEX case: Report

The JPEX scandal has grown to become one of the largest fraud cases in the country, with over 2,300 victims and losses estimated at over $175 million.

The Secretary for Security of Hong Kong, Chris Tang Ping-keung, has vowed to bring justice to people who fell victim to the JPEX crypto exchange fraud, local media has reported. In a press conference on Wednesday, Sept. 27, the security chief’s office said police are actively looking for the key operators behind the JPEX crypto exchange that orchestrated the country’s largest digital asset fraud.

During the press conference, Tang Ping-keung revealed that the police had made 12 arrests in the case so far and seized more than 8 million Hong Kong dollars ($1 million) in cash, as well as assets worth 77 million HK$ ($9.8 million), including real estate and digital currency, according to a report by the South China Morning Post.

Tang added that the police were actively looking for the ringleaders in the case and called their capture a major factor in solving it.

The operators of the JPEX crypto exchange are accused of running an unauthorized crypto platform and defrauding customers of millions of dollars. Tang also notified the press that they are working with the country’s regulators to put specific measures in place to avoid any such fraud in the future.

Local police in Hong Kong received 2,369 complaints from victims who lost their hard-earned money by investing in the unregulated exchange. The total monetary value of the fallout is estimated to be around 1.4 billion HK$ ($178 million).

The police have made 12 arrests in the case, including three JPEX Technical Support Company employees, along with two YouTubers, Chan Wing-yee and Chu Ka-fa.

Related: Hong Kong securities regulator issues in-principle approval to HKVAX

The first signs of trouble related to JPEX emerged on Sept. 15 when several users complained about difficulty withdrawing funds. As the news about withdrawal issues gained traction, the platform notoriously raised its withdrawal fees to 999 Tether to deter users from withdrawing funds after a warning from regulators.

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