JPMorgan Anticipates SEC Approving Spot Ethereum ETFs After Litigation Process

April 6, 2024 Bitcoin.com

SEC’s crypto actions surged 183% in 6 months after the FTX collapse

June 8, 2023 Coin Telegraph

The regulator stepped up enforcement actions in the crypto space following the revelations that took place around FTX.

Cryptocurrency-related enforcement actions undertaken by the United States securities regulator significantly increased in the six months following the bankruptcy of cryptocurrency exchange FTX.

An analysis of press releases from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and news reports on its actions found that in the six months preceding FTX’s collapse — the SEC undertook approximately six enforcement actions.

In the six months after FTX’s bankruptcy on Nov. 11, 2022, SEC crypto-related enforcement actions jumped to at least 17, an estimated increase of 183% from the preceding period.

*Graph showing the number of SEC enforcement actions in each six-month period relating to crypto.*

The analysis doesn’t account for the two recent lawsuits the SEC brought against Binance on June 5 and Coinbase a day later.

The increased actions, including the recent ones taken against the two exchanges, has seen some observers suggesting the SEC is attempting to redeem itself for failing to police FTX.

On June 7, MarketWatch reported that Republican Representative French Hill said the recent crackdown was a “cover your ass” move from the regulator and SEC chair Gary Gensler. He was speaking at an event in Washington D.C. that day.

Let’s talk crypto. @RepFrenchHill says to Peter Roskam and Heath Shuler that bipartisanship played a huge role in drafting stablecoin legislation. #BHLegSem23 #BHEvents #Congress pic.twitter.com/D3B60qNgpS
— BakerHostetler (@BakerHostetler) June 7, 2023

Hill claimed instead of Gensler “overseeing FTX” the SEC head was instead “out bashing Kim Kardashian because she’s promoted crypto on some Super Bowl ad,” and said:

“[Gensler] opened up this year, in 2023, with all these enforcement actions, I think it looks like [cover your ass] to me.”

Markus Thielen, the head of research and strategy at Matrixport and author of Crypto Titans previously told Cointelegraph he believes there’s an air of “embarrassment” for those who didn’t catch the issues at FTX.

Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse echoed the sentiment, claiming in a June 6 tweet that the SEC is “throwing lawsuits at the wall and hoping they distract from the agency’s FTX debacle.”

Hall of Flame: Crypto Wendy on trashing the SEC, sexism, and how underdogs can win

Coinbase remains ‘100% committed’ to US market: Armstrong

May 5, 2023 Coin Telegraph

Australia

The Coinbase CEO has a lot of faith in Congress in making a “clear rule book” for crypto firms to follow. But the SEC? Not so much.

United States-founded cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase has no plans to move its operations out of the U.S., CEO Brian Armstrong told investors in an Q1 earnings call.

On May 5, Armstrong assured shareholders the firm is “100% committed” to the U.S. market over the long term despite regulatory uncertainty in the U.S.

“So let me be clear, we're 100% committed to the U.S. I founded this company in the United States because I saw that rule of law prevails here. That's really important, and I'm actually really optimistic on the U.S. getting this right.”

The “optimism” alluded to by Armstrong comes from his confidence in Congress soon passing a clear set of rules for crypto firms to follow:

“When I go visit DC, there is strong bipartisan support for Congress to come in and create new legislation that would create a clear rule book in the U.S. and I think it's really important for America to get this right.”

However, Armstrong’s comments weren’t entirely “optimistic.”

The chief executive is concerned about the unpredictable enforcement action of the Securities Exchange Commission, which comes in light of the firm being served with a Wells Notice by the securities regulator in late March:

“Despite our ongoing engagement with the commission, they have not been as clear about what their specific concerns are with Coinbase as we might like, and so I have to refrain from speculating too much.”

“It's especially difficult to predict the timeline of any potential SEC litigation that we might face,” Armstrong added.

The troubles led Coinbase to file an action in a U.S. federal court seeking to compel the SEC to answer a petition that has been pending since July.

Today, to provide greater transparency in our long-standing engagement with the SEC, we are sharing our response to the Wells notice we received last month. https://t.co/aquuWmxmRM
— Coinbase ️ (@coinbase) April 27, 2023

The back and forth comes as Coinbase launched Coinbase International Exchange (CIE) on May 2, which prompted many pundits to believe that Coinbase was looking for an escape route from the U.S.

The exchange is open to customers in 30 countries worldwide, including Singapore, Hong Kong, El Salvador, Philippines, Thailand and Bermuda — where CIE is now licensed from.

Today Coinbase launched Coinbase International Exchange @CoinbaseIntExch and will begin by offering BTC & ETH perpetual futures settled in USDC with up to 5x leverage to institutional clients in eligible jurisdictions outside of the U.S.https://t.co/OzhbgJlZ2K
— Coinbase ️ (@coinbase) May 2, 2023

Armstrong said the European Union is “in front” in terms of regulatory progress with its Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) legislation set to enter into effect in mid-2024 or early 2025:

“They've adopted comprehensive crypto legislation called MiCA, creates a single clear rule book for the entire region. It's pretty powerful.”

“I just got back from a trip from the U.K. and D.C. Both of those, both have draft bills in the works that are working on things like around stable coins and market structure Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia, Brazil, all are essentially following in this direction,” Armstrong added.

The CEO’s remarks come as Coinbase managed to increase its revenue 22% and slashed its net income loss over $475 million to $79 million in Q1.

Our Q1'23 financial results are in and our letter to shareholders can be found on the Investor Relations website at https://t.co/8ovHEtPRgf pic.twitter.com/4iWAPGZNMh
— Coinbase ️ (@coinbase) May 4, 2023

Magazine: Crypto regulation: Does SEC Chair Gary Gensler have the final say?

Bittrex Receives Wells Notice From SEC for Alleged Investor-Protection Law Violations

April 17, 2023 Bitcoin.com

Crypto regulation decided by Congress, not the SEC: Blockchain Association

February 15, 2023 Coin Telegraph

Advocacy

The group's policy head doubted a divided Congress can create crypto legislation but said it doesn’t give regulators absolute authority in the interim.

Despite attempts to police cryptocurrency through enforcement actions, United States financial regulators “are bound by legal reality” and Congress will ultimately decide crypto regulations the policy expert for the crypto advocacy group Blockchain Association has suggested.

The association's chief policy officer, Jake Chervinsky, shared his views in an extensive Feb. 14 Twitter thread on the state of crypto policy.

He noted neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) nor the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) “has the authority to comprehensively regulate crypto.”

14/ No matter how many enforcement actions the SEC and CFTC bring, they are bound by legal reality:

Neither has the authority to comprehensively regulate crypto, neither can obtain it through any amount of enforcement, and neither will ever have it without an act of Congress.
— Jake Chervinsky (@jchervinsky) February 14, 2023

Chervinsky believed a deal on crypto legislation seems “unlikely, given the ideological gap between House Republicans and Senate Democrats.” He accused the SEC and CFTC of overstepping their authority in an attempt to “get things done” without Congress.

Chervinsky called for the industry to remain calm following the recent flurry of activity from “crypto’s chief antagonist,” the SEC, and pointed to its crackdown on staking services as an example.

13/ The SEC's main tactic is regulation by enforcement, and it struck again last week by labeling Kraken’s staking service a security.

That's frustrating, but it doesn't change much for anyone else. Settlements aren't the law, and every set of facts is unique. Others will fight.
— Jake Chervinsky (@jchervinsky) February 14, 2023

The SEC’s Feb. 9 settlement with crypto exchange Kraken, that banned the exchange from ever offering staking services to U.S. customers, was publicly rebuked by SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce.

In a Feb. 9 dissenting statement, Peirce argued that regulation by enforcement “is not an efficient or fair way of regulating” an emerging industry.

Chervinsky suggested litigation is one way the crypto industry can push for good policy, noting the judiciary plays an important role in dictating policy that has been “ignored.”

20/ FIFTH, we can litigate.

Policy is made in all three branches of government, and we’ve ignored the judiciary for too long.

At the core of crypto is a fight for civil liberty, a fight that calls for impact litigation.

Our best allies may be in the courts. Let's go find them.
— Jake Chervinsky (@jchervinsky) February 14, 2023

Crypto exchange Coinbase also faces an SEC probe similar to what resulted in Kraken’s settlement.

Coinbase CEO and co-founder, Brian Armstrong, has taken a more resolute stance, claiming that getting rid of crypto staking would be terrible for the U.S.

Armstrong argued in a Feb. 12 Twitter post that Coinbase’s staking services are not securities and would “happily defend this in court if needed.”

Coinbase's staking services are not securities. We will happily defend this in court if needed.https://t.co/GtTOz77YV3
— Brian Armstrong (@brian_armstrong) February 12, 2023

Judge’s rulings in landmark cases create a legal precedent. If such a case were brought to court and a judge decided Coinbase’s staking services did not classify as securities, other crypto companies in a similar position could use the precedent as part of their defense.

Gas-to-Bitcoin Firm Crusoe Energy Sues Rival Alkane Midstream Over Patent Infringement

August 27, 2022 Bitcoin.com

Regulatory uncertainty creates rash of ‘novel’ lawsuits: Legal experts

June 29, 2022 Coin Telegraph

Choate Hall & Stewart LLP

“Litigation and enforcement activity is likely to accelerate in the current regulatory climate, perhaps in unpredictable ways,” says lawyers from Choate Hall & Stewart LLP.

Regulatory uncertainty surrounding crypto has created a “fertile environment” for crypto-related litigation and enforcement to grow, according to lawyers from Choate Hall & Stewart LLP.

In an analysis piece published on Law360 on June 28, lawyers from Choate Hall & Stewart LLP, including Mike Gass, Diana Lloyd and Alex Bevans, noted increasing evidence that “novel applications of existing laws” are being used to litigate against users and investors of cryptocurrency, predicting this trend to only accelerate over time:

“High market capitalization, alongside widely discussed regulatory uncertainty, has created fertile ground for litigation and enforcement to grow.”

The lawyers cited several cases as examples, including the prosecution of a U.S. citizen for violating sanctions using crypto, several lawsuits brought on by the SEC in recent years, as well a rising number of class action lawsuits and private litigation.

“Cryptocurrency trading platforms and those trading in and using cryptocurrency must recognize that litigation and enforcement activity is likely to accelerate in the current regulatory climate, perhaps in unpredictable ways,” the authors said.

In May, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) issued its first criminal complaint against an unnamed U.S. citizen through the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia for using crypto to violate sanctions under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA).

Lawyers from the firm, including Mike Gass, co-chair of the complex trial and appellate practice at the firm, said that this illustrates an “increased willingness of government agencies to pursue criminal charges against those violating old laws with new forms of currency.”

“If this case is any indication, this trend is likely to accelerate.”

Other litigation efforts noted by the lawyers include the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) lawsuits against XRP creator Ripple Labs Inc in 2020 and decentralized content sharing platform LBRY in 2021, both for allegedly offering unregistered securities in the form of digital tokens.

More recently, crypto lending platform BlockFi was issued a $100 million fine in February for failing to register its retail crypto lending product, they noted.

The lawyers said the LBRY case in particular “demonstrates the SEC's willingness to target smaller projects like LBRY as much as large projects like Ripple."

The lawyers also noted research that found that the number of crypto enforcement actions between 2019-2021 was greater than every year to that point combined.

Looking ahead, the lawyers believe that the SEC and DOJ are poised to increase their enforcement efforts, and will “likely be willing to pursue novel theories.”

“Crypto-related private litigation also shows no sign of letting up. Increased regulatory certainty may help stem the litigation tide, but it is unclear whether this will happen anytime soon.”

Crypto bank Custodia sues the Fed over 19 month delay on account approval

June 8, 2022 Coin Telegraph

blockchain bank

Custodia wants to compel the Federal Reserve Board and its Kansas City branch to approve its application for a Fed master account within 30 days.

Wyoming based digital asset bank Custodia is suing the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, claiming an “unlawful delay” in processing an application for its master account.

Custodia, formerly known as Avanti was one of the first Special Purpose Depository Institutions (SPDIs) also known as “blockchain banks” made under a Wyoming regulatory framework.

The bank was founded by Caitlin Long, an early advocate of Bitcoin (BTC) who established the institution in 2020 to provide accounts for crypto companies and serve as a bridge for them to the U.S. dollar payment system.

Custodia submitted an application for a Federal Reserve master account 19 months ago in October 2020. The account would allow Custodia to access the Federal Reserves payment systems without using a third party bank.

Nathan Miller a spokesperson for Custodia Bank told Cointelegraph:

“Through this lawsuit, Custodia seeks to ensure that its Federal Reserve master account application receives the fair dealing and due process guaranteed to it by both federal statute and the U.S. Constitution. Custodia has satisfied every rule applicable to it, and has gone beyond by applying to become a Fed member bank.”

The suit claims the Federal Reserve violated a United Stated Code which outlines a one-year deadline for processing the application and says that it even states on the master account application that a decision takes five to seven business days.

The Fed’s Kansas City bank was ready to approve the account before the Federal Reserve Board asserted control over the process in spring 2021 which “derailed” the application, Custodia says.

Custodia states that the “black-box bureaucratic process” meant it had exhausted “all options short of litigation” and it sought to compel the Federal Reserve and its Kansas City bank to approve its master account within 30 days.

Custodia plans to provide final settlement for U.S. dollar payments in digital asset transactions, along with providing digital asset custodial services. A key part of its service is to clear payments for its customers directly with the Fed which it says will reduce costs, counterparty credit risk and delays in settlement.

The delay has postponed Custodia’s full entry to the market and forced the bank to partner with another bank that already has a master account. It says this is a “makeshift solution” that is “second best and far more expensive”.

If Custodia wins the suit or is granted a Fed master account, it will be the first digital asset bank in the country to secure one.

In December 2021 the Republican senator for Wyoming Cynthia Lummis claimed the Fed was "violating the law" with its unfair treatment of SPDIs like Custodia through delaying applications to receive master accounts.

SPDIs were created from a Wyoming regulatory framework for cryptocurrency custody introduced in late 2019 to serve businesses unable to secure Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) banking services due to their dealings with cryptocurrency.