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UK think tank launches a crusade against ‘surveillance’ CBDCs

The Bank of England's plans for a CBDC launch raises concern among UK Tax Reform Council and the broader Bitcoin community.

The U.K. Tax Reform Council has launched a campaign against the Bank of England's plan to introduce a central bank digital currency (CBDC). The non-profit organization warns that such a move could seriously harm individual privacy and lead to intrusive changes to the taxation system.

The freshly formed Tax Reform Council includes monetary economist John Chown, cofounder of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, on its advisory board. The Tax Reform Council believes implementing a CBDC would lead to increased government surveillance, greater intrusion from tax authorities and a heightened risk of cyber attacks on the nation's monetary system.

The think tank shares similar concerns to the U.K. Bitcoin (BTC) community which has been vocal in its criticism of CBDCs. Jordan Walker, co-founder of the U.K.’s Bitcoin Collective, explained that “the rollout of CBDCs in the U.K. is dangerous on a matter of fronts. We would be handing over more control of our money to the government and central bank.”

“This ties the monetary system even closer to the political system which has caused significant problems in the past and present. Instead we should be aiming to separate money and politics.”

The advisory board economists including Patrick Minford, Julian Jessop and Chown, stated that “the decision of the Bank of England to pursue a British CBDC raises a number of very real concerns.” The group seeks to raise awareness of the “increased government surveillance” that CBDCs may offer.

CBDCs claim to offer greater financial inclusion, reduced costs for businesses and consumers, and increased security. However, Bitcoin already offers these advantages and more: El Salvador banked swathes of its population by introducing the Bitcoin law, while Bitcoin also provides a way out for those living in authoritarian regimes.

In the U.K. the Treasury and the Bank of England have been recruiting for CBDC roles. The Bank of England has highlighted the "need" to create a digital version of the British pound, despite pushback from the broader crypto community. 

Related: UAE central bank to issue CBDC as part of its financial transformation program

According to the Tax Reform Council, every personal transaction made using a CBDC would be recorded on the Bank of England's private blockchain ledger, giving the taxman unprecedented access to individuals' financial history. The press release stated that this is already happening in China with the renminbi CBDC.

Walker sounded the alarm: “I believe we are closer to the rollout than many think and unless we have greater education around this topic, we’ll see many people in this country unknowingly get sucked into this digitized monetary control.”

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UK’s digital pound would modernize payments but won’t replace cash: Minister

Finance minister Jeremy Hunt says the digital pound, or "Britcoin" would be issued and backed by the Bank of England, but won't negate the use of cash.

The Bank of England (BoE) and U.K. Treasury are gearing up plans to create a digital currency that could "provide a new way to pay" without necessarily replacing cash.

On Feb. 7, a joint consultation paper on Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) is set to drop, with the BoE and Treasury seeking feedback on how, and if they should proceed with building a CBDC.

In a Feb. 6 public statement, Finance Minister Jeremy Hunt indicated that the two entities would seek to develop a modernized digital payments system that doesn’t necessarily negate the use of cash.

"While cash is here to stay, a digital pound issued and backed by the Bank of England could be a new way to pay that’s trusted, accessible and easy to use," he said, adding that “we want to investigate what is possible first, whilst always making sure we protect financial stability."

Another key area of focus will be to provide a government-backed alternative to privately issued stablecoins, with officials from the BoE and treasury expecting big tech companies to develop such in the coming years.

As part of the statement, BOE Governor Andrew Bailey emphasized that a “digital pound would provide a new way to pay, help businesses, maintain trust in money and better protect financial stability.”

“However, there are a number of implications which our technical work will need to carefully consider. This consultation and the further work the bank will now do will be the foundation for what would be a profound decision for the country on the way we use money.”

BoE Deputy Governor Jon Cunliffe is also set to give a speech on Feb. 7 to update the finance industry on the bank and treasuries’ CBDC work so far.

If they decide to move forward, it was suggested that the Digital Pound and its underlying blockchain-based system would not be built until at least 2025.

Related: London emerges as world’s most crypto-ready city for business — research

In April 2021, current Prime Minister and former finance minister Rishi Sunak directed the BoE and Treasury to collaborate and form the Central Bank Digital Currency Taskforce. Essentially the duo are tasked with overseeing the study and potential implementation of the Digital Pound.

While it appears to have been a slow burn so far, given how cautious the bank and treasuries stances are, the latter did post a job listing to LinkedIn on Jan. 24 calling for a team lead for its Payments and Fintech Team of roughly 20 people focused exploring on a “potential digital pound.”

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UK is ‘likely’ to need digital currency, says BoE and Treasury: Report

The digital pound roadmap is reportedly set to be introduced next week, along with a joint public consultation.

The Bank of England (BoE) and Treasury believes the United Kingdom is likely to need to create a central bank digital currency (CBDC) by 2030, according to a Telegraph report on Feb. 4. 

The "digital pound" roadmap is set to be introduced next week, a government source told the newspaper. Deputy Governor Jon Cunliffe is scheduled to give an update on the BoE's work on the CDBC on Feb. 7

"On the basis of our work to date, the Bank of England and HM Treasury judge that it is likely a digital pound will be needed in the future," noted Governor Andrew Bailey and finance minister Jeremy Hunt to the Telegraph.

The BoE declined to comment on the article, but announced that a joint consultation on the digital pound would be released soon.

The UK reportedly experienced a 35% drop in cash and coin payments in 2020. Cash accounts for approximately one in six payments; debit and credit cards account for the other five. A central bank digital currency is a digital version of fiat currency, tied to fiat reserves at a 1:1 ratio, allowing citizens and businesses to manage funds far more efficiently and affordably.

Related: What are CBDCs? A beginner's guide to central bank digital currencies

The news comes just a few days after the UK's economic and finance ministry posted on LinkedIn an open position for a head of central bank digital currency. The job description presented the role as “important, complex, and cross-cutting”, requiring an “extensive engagement across and beyond the HM Treasury.”

The digital pound is one of many CBDCs expected to be introduced across the world in the years ahead. The European Central Bank (ECB) has been discussing the future of a digital euro, and several countries, including Sweden and Denmark, have also begun exploring the concept of digital currencies.

CBDC pioneer, China's digital yuan was launched in beta last year for iOS and Android local app stores. Recent developments include upgrades to smart contract functionality alongside a series of use cases, Cointelegraph reported.

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Bank of England opens applications for ‘proof of concept’ CBDC wallet

The bank requires the wallet to execute basic features such as transacting value and requesting payments and set its budget at nearly $255,000.

The Bank of England (BOE) is seeking a “proof of concept” for a wallet that will be able to hold a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC).

On Dec. 9, the BOE posted a request for applications on the United Kingdom government's Digital Marketplace, a service where government organizations can solicit work for digital projects.

Simple guidelines for what the proof-of-concept wallet would have to achieve were outlined, with the wallet seemingly only needing to offer basic functionality such as a signup process, a way to update details, and show balances and transactions amongst other requirements such as displaying notifications.

Of course, the wallet also has to demonstrate it can be loaded and unloaded with a CBDC along with being able to request peer-to-peer payments through an account ID or QR code and can be used to pay online with businesses.

Key deliverables for the project are to create a mobile app for iOS and Android, a website for the wallet, an example merchant website and the back-end infrastructure to serve the wallet website and apps while also storing user data and transaction history.

“No work has been done” on a CBDC sample wallet the bank said, and it “will not develop a user wallet itself.”

The stated aims of the project are to “explore the end-to-end user journey” as the BOE seeks to “sharpen functional requirements for both the Bank and private sector” along with making the CBDC product “more tangible for internal and external stakeholders.”

A budget of $244,500, or 200,000 British pounds, for an expected five-month project was set for the proof-of-concept with the BOE slated to evaluate five suppliers. There were no applications at the time of writing.

Related: Spain’s central bank to experiment with wholesale CBDCs

The BOE has previously stated it is seeking to launch a CBDC by at least 2030.

The sample wallet is supportive of the BOE’s work as part of Project Rosalind, a joint experiment it’s carrying out with the Bank of International Settlements (BIS) Innovation Hub aimed at creating prototypes of an application programming interface (API) for a CBDC. The proof-of-concept wallet will also be test implemented with the Rosalind API.

On Dec. 9, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Jeremy Hunt, shared a number of reforms to Britain’s financial services sector which included consulting on proposals for the establishment of a CBDC.

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UK crypto bill to restrict services from abroad: Report

The regulatory amendments will broaden the powers of the country's financial regulator and put the crypto industry under tighter scrutiny.

Despite the Conservative Party's rhetorical embracement of crypto under the new Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, the upcoming regulatory framework will reportedly tighten scrutiny over the industry. The legislation updates will broaden the powers of the financial regulator and probably limit foreign companies’ operations in the United Kingdom. 

According to a Financial Times report, the FTX collapse has influenced the course of the regulatory regime in the U.K. Reportedly, the Treasury is finalizing a package of guidelines that will enable the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) to monitor the operations and advertising of crypto companies in the country. There also would be restrictions on selling crypto on the U.K. market from abroad.

Although the report doesn’t reveal more specifics on those restrictions, assumably, they’d be enforced to force the companies to register with the FCA. The procedure is tough enough already, as 85% of the applicants did not pass the FCA’s anti-money laundering (AML) tests, according to its chief executive Nikhil Rathi.

The guidelines are being prepared as a part of the financial services and markets bill. The large bill, which includes but is not limited to crypto regulation, has already been introduced to the British Parliament. While the U.K. launched its consultation on crypto in 2021, according to the FT sources, it could slip into 2023 due to “fast-moving events” in the industry.

Related: How can UK-based businesses accept Bitcoin?

However, on Dec. 7 the cross-party Treasury committee will hear out the experts from the FCA and Bank of England on the risks of crypto and the “pros and cons” of central bank-issued cryptocurrency (CBDC). The hearing will also include the talk of the investigative journalist, who’ve covered the investments, made by British football fans under the influence of crypto ads.

In early November, Members of the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee opened an inquiry to hear from the public on the potential benefits and risks of nonfungible tokens, or NFTs, and blockchain on the country’s economy.

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