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OFAC-compliant blocks on Ethereum hit three-month low of 47%

Back in November, the percentage of Ethereum blocks complying with orders from the Office of Foreign Asset Control peaked at 79%.

The percentage of Ethereum blocks complying with orders set by the United States Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) has now fallen to 47% — the lowest level since Oct. 11. 

The latest milestone in reversing censorship comes nearly three months after the percentage of OFAC-compliant blocks peaked at 79% on Nov. 21.

OFAC-compliant blocks are those that exclude transactions involving parties sanctioned by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.

A fall in compliant blocks could be seen as a win for those who oppose censorship within the Ethereum ecosystem.

Percentage of OFAC-compliant blocks following the Ethereum Merge on Sept. 15. Source. MEV Watch.

Blockchain consulting firm Labrys, the creator of MEV Watch, said in a statement thathe fall may be attributed to more validators opting to use MEV-boost relays that do not censor transactions in accordance with OFAC requirements.

“In particular, the BloXroute Max Profit relay, Ultrasound Money relay and Agnostic Boost relay have picked up most of the change in market share.”

MEV-boost relays act as trusted mediators between block producers and block builders, which enables Ethereum validators to outsource their block production to other block builders.

Lachlan Feeney, the CEO of Labrys, said in a Feb. 14 statement that he’s happy with how the Ethereum community has responded to the censorship issue since it first surfaced post-Merge.

He noted the recent fall in censorship-compliant blocks was particularly notable given it was achieved without a user-activated soft fork (UASF). He noted that “many members” of the Ethereum community had called for the soft fork prior to the Merge to combat censorship.

“I am incredibly proud of the Ethereum community for the progress we have made with this issue,” said Feeney, adding:

“When we released the MevWatch tool drawing attention to a flaw within Ethereum, the community did not stick its head in the sand but instead rose to the occasion and made significant progress addressing the issue.”

However, “there is still more work to be done,” Feeney stressed.

Related: Ethereum at the center of centralization debate as SEC lays claim

OFAC most notably sanctioned Ether (ETH) and USD Coin (USDC) wallet addresses that transact using the Ethereum-based privacy mixing tool Tornado Cash on Aug. 8.

A visualization of the last 100 blocks showing which are OFAC-compliant. Source. MEV Watch

After the first 24 hours of Ethereum under its new proof-of-stake consensus mechanism on Sept. 16, only 9% of blocks were OFAC-censored. 

However this figure sharply increased over the next two months, peaking at 79% on Nov. 21.

The percentage of OFAC-compliant blocks then hovered around the 68-75% range until Jan. 29 when it was 66%. Since then, it has steadily decreased despite a few minor spikes.

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‘Not even a single TX has been censored on ETH’ — Cyber Capital founder

Bons noted that even with 50% OFAC compliance among Ethereum validators, blocks will still be produced within 30 seconds.

Ethereum bulls have hit back against claims the network has become prone to censorship post-Merge, with one arguing that “not even a single” transaction has been censored on the network. 

In a 19-part thread to his 29,100 followers on Oct. 17, Cyber Capital founder and CIO Justin Bons argued that contrary to “what some Bitcoiners are falsely claiming,” not a single transaction on Ethereum has been stopped as a result of Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions.

Bons was referring to recent reports suggesting Ethereum has become too reliant on OFAC-compliant Miner Extractable Value (MEV)-Boost relays since the Merge.

Last week, it was reported that more than 51% of Ethereum blocks are now complying with the U.S. sanctions after transitioning to proof-of-stake (PoS). 

The crypto-fund manager argued that despite the increasing presence of OFAC-compliant MEV-Boost relays, it only becomes censorship when producers refuse to build on non-compliant blocks, though that would result in forking and splitting of the chain, explaining:

“Even with 50% OFAC compliance, a non-compliant ETH TX will be confirmed within 30 sec! Compared to BTC's more variable 10min!”

Bons further argued it only takes one contributing validator to include what may be an OFAC-sanctioned transaction in the canonical chain.

“This means that a very small minority of validators/miners can counter such censorship over both ETH & BTC! Easily less than 1% can prevent censorship,” he explained.

Having attributed most of this backlash to “Bitcoiners,” Bons also argued that Ethereum with its new PoS consensus mechanism is “less vulnerable” and “far more secure” than Bitcoin under proof-of-work (PoW) because institutional players are not economically incentivized to try split the chain.

Related: Ethereum may now be more vulnerable to censorship — Blockchain analyst

Ethereum developers have also working to improve Ethereum’s censorship resistance too — with Ethereum developer Terence Tsao of Prysmatic Labs on Oct. 17 announcing that he and fellow developer Marius van der Wijden had begun building a solution to address the issue:

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recently proposed a Partial Block Auction solution, where a block builder only has the right to decide some of the contents of the block.

Ethereum research and development organization Flashbots is also looking to soon roll out its fully decentralized and EVM-compatible block builder — Single Unifying Auctions for Value Expression (SUAVE) – in order to combat censorship issues.

On Aug. 8, the United States Treasury Department added more than 40 cryptocurrency addresses allegedly connected to controversial mixer Tornado Cash to the Specially Designated Nationals list of OFAC, effectively barring U.S. residents from using the mixing service. 

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