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Bitcoin miners raked up $184M in fees in Q2, surpassing all of 2022

It's been one of the most lucrative quarters for those that profit from Bitcoin transaction fees in nearly two years.

Bitcoin (BTC) miners made a lofty $184 million from transaction fees in the second quarter, far more than what they pocketed over the entire 2022 — as Bitcoin’s price surged and BRC-20 tokens flourished.

The $184 million payout is more than a 270% increase from the first quarter of 2023 and it is the first quarter to have surpassed the $100 million mark since Q2 2021, according to a July 5 report from cryptocurrency analytics platform Coin Metrics.

Bitcoin miners earned more from fees in Q2 than the previous five quarters combined. Source: Coin Metrics

Bitcoin miners receive transaction fees whenevea new block has been validated, the amount of which is determined by the data volume and the user demand for block space.

Coin Metrics said the jump in fees was due to Bitcoin’s recent price surge bolstered ‘top-line revenues” and the advent of BRC-20, a new token standard on Bitcoin introduced in March which uses Ordinals inscriptions to mint and transfer fungible tokens on the network, adding:

“The token standard does unlock experimental new use cases for Bitcoin’s core transaction types, and accelerates the push to scale Bitcoin with the Lightning Network.

However, it is worth noting that transaction fees represented only 7.7% of the total $2.4 billion made by miners over the quarter.

The remainder came in the form of Bitcoin block rewards, with miners currently being rewarded 6.25 BTC for solving each block. This is set to fall to 3.125 BTC after the network’s next halving cycle, expected to take place in May.

Related: Bitcoin miners send record $128M in revenue to exchanges

Bitcoin miners also had other reasons to celebrate in the second quarter, according to the firm.

In May, the Bitcoin mining industry “notched a win” with the Biden Administration’s proposed Digital Asset Mining Energy (DAME) tax being blocked.

Bitcoin miners also enjoyed easier macroeconomics conditions in the quarter too, with “receding inflation pressures” translating to lower electricity prices for United States-based miners, Coin Metrics noted.

However, with Bitcoin’s hashrate continuing to reach new all-time highs over the last 12 months, competition in the mining fee market is also tightening, Coin Metrics explained:

“Competition remains as fierce as ever, with Bitcoin’s hashrate breaking new highs during the quarter at 375 EH/s [...] We see that the overall network’s efficiency continues to increase with the adoption of modern ASICs such as the S19 XP.”

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Bitcoin Network Starts to Clear Congestion, Onchain Fees Drop by 90%

Bitcoin Network Starts to Clear Congestion, Onchain Fees Drop by 90%On May 7, 2023, the Bitcoin network was plagued with an overwhelming 500,000 unconfirmed transactions, causing a major bottleneck in the system. However, the good news is that the congestion has been clearing, resulting in a significant reduction in onchain fees, which have now dropped below $5. As of now, there are only slightly over […]

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Bitcoin ‘under siege’ by BRC-20 coins as fees soar, claims analyst

Bitcoin transactions and fees are at high levels, and 400,000 of them are still unconfirmed on the blockchain.

Increased fees and a backlog of transactions are besieging the Bitcoin (BTC) network, and it’s due to a popular new “token” standard, according to a CryptoQuant analyst.

Axel Adler Jr, an analyst with the crypto data firm, explained on May 9 that BRC-20 memecoin minting on the BTC blockchain is causing the surge in block space demand, adding:

“Unlike conventional token standards, such as Ethereum's ERC-20, BRC-20 does not utilize smart contracts and operates only with wallets supporting the Bitcoin blockchain.”

According to CryptoQuant, the average fee per transaction has skyrocketed, exceeding $16 and peaking at $29 on May 9.

Data from Bitinfocharts similarly reported a spike in the average transaction fees, recording a jump to $31 on May 8 compared to around $19 the day prior.

On May 8, the total fees per block temporarily exceeded the block subsidy reward of 6.25 BTC for the first time since 2017.

On May 9, Bitinfochart data recorded a new all-time high on the seven-day moving average for the number of Bitcoin transactions, hitting a top of 534,000.

However, the figure could actually be higher than that, with Bitinfocharts recording two higher spikes over 600,000 daily transactions this month using raw values. On May 9, it recorded 598,000 BTC blockchain transactions.

Blockchain.com has confirmed the data reporting that the average transactions per block are also at an all-time high of 3,778.

Average transactions per block. Source: Blockchain.com

According to Mempool Space, there are currently 400,000 unconfirmed transactions pending on the network, so the backlog is not clearing, which is keeping transaction prices elevated.

Related: ‘Bitcoin is not under attack:’ BTC maxis allay fears of a DoS offensive

On May 9, the total market capitalization of BRC-20 tokens surpassed $1 billion, as reported by Cointelegraph.

The problem has got so bad that Bitcoin core developers are mulling taking action against BRC-20 tokens and Ordinals, which they consider as network spam.

Furthermore, the number of ordinal inscriptions has almost doubled, going from 2.5 million to 4.78 million in just over a week.

It is all good news for miners, though, as profitability, or hash price, has surged 66% since the beginning of the month.

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‘Bitcoin is not under attack:’ BTC maxis allay fears of a DoS offensive

Concerns circulated on Crypto Twitter of a denial of service (DoS) attack on the Bitcoin network.

A sudden spike in Bitcoin (BTC) transaction fees and unconfirmed transactions sparked concern on Crypto Twitter over the weekend of a potential Denial of Service (DoS) "attack" on the network. 

Some Bitcoin analysts and commentators have been quick to allay these fears from their respective followers.

Bitcoin average transaction fees are currently $19.20, or 0.00068 BTC, according to BitInfoCharts. Meanwhile, according to Mempool Space, the backlog of transactions currently stands at 459,341.

The increased demand on the network has even caused total fees per block to temporarily exceed the block subsidy reward of 6.25 BTC on May 7.

The proof-of-work mining process has a set block subsidy of 6.25 BTC which halves every four years. However, in the rare instance that block space demand surges, this figure can be exceeded causing higher transaction fees.

Industry analysts reported that it is the first time this has happened since 2017. Fees of 6.76 BTC were recorded for one block and block 788695 generated fees of 6.7 BTC.

The Mempool Space explorer shows that activity has since cooled down a little and fees have fallen back below the block reward again. The next block is expected to be processed generating 4.51 BTC in fees.

Block fees for next block - Mempool.Space

The surge in activity and block space demand has been attributed to the rise in Ordinals inscriptions. According to analytics provider Glassnode, a total of 75% of Bitcoin on-chain transactions used Taproot on May 7 resulting in a record high.

BTC Taproot Adoption. Source: Glassnode

Some on Crypto Twitter, however, speculated that the recent congestion has resulted from a DoS (denial of service) attack on the Bitcoin network.

Related: Binance closes BTC withdrawals amid congestion on the Bitcoin network

Bitcoin analysts quickly pointed out that it was due to demand rather than a premeditated attack. “0xfoobar,” told his 130,000 followers:

“Bitcoin mempool finally gets some usage and the maxis are framing it as a DoS attack on the network. They really have not considered even the most basic scenarios, like ‘Bitcoin becomes popular and people are willing to pay to use it’”

On May 8, the world’s largest crypto exchange Binance suspended Bitcoin transactions again citing “the large volume of pending transactions.” It is the second time Binance suspended BTC transactions in the past twelve hours.

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Btcpay Introduces New Coinjoin Plugin for Enhanced Bitcoin Privacy for Merchants

Btcpay Introduces New Coinjoin Plugin for Enhanced Bitcoin Privacy for MerchantsOn Monday, Wasabi Wallet and the open-source bitcoin payment processor Btcpay announced a new plugin for the Btcpay server. The plugin implements Wasabi’s Wabisabi coinjoin coordination protocol, allowing merchants to benefit from privacy enhancement. By activating the newly launched plugin, all the funds that merchants receive and send will be coinjoined, or mixed together with […]

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Bitcoin hits record 44M non-zero addresses, thanks to Ordinals: Glassnode

Glassnode noted that this is the first time in Bitcoin history where the network has been used for purposes other than for monetary purposes.

The launch of Bitcoin nonfungible tokens (NFTs) — known as Ordinals — has tipped the number of non-zero Bitcoin addresses to a new all-time high of 44 million, according to crypto analytics platform Glassnode.

In a Feb. 13 report from Glassnode, the firm explained that for the first time in Bitcoin’s 14-year history, a portion of network activity is being used for purposes other than peer-to-peer monetary Bitcoin (BTC)  transfers:

“This is a new and unique moment in Bitcoin history, where an innovation is generating network activity without a classical transfer of coin volume for monetary purposes.”

Glassnode explained that the Ordinals surge has contributed to a “short-term uptick in Bitcoin network usage of late” which has brought many “new active users” with a non-zero BTC balance to the network:

Number of Bitcoin addresses with a non-zero balance. Source: Glassnode.

“The primary source of this activity is due to Ordinals, which instead of carrying a large payload of coin volume, is instead carrying a larger payload of data and new active users,” said Glassnode.

“This describes a growth in the user base [...] from usage beyond the typical investment and monetary transfer use cases,” it added.

A new player competing for block space

Glassnode noted that Ordinals is now competing for block space demand, which is “creating upward pressure on the fee market," but noted that this hasn't led to a significant increase in Bitcoin transaction fees. 

According to Glassnode, since Ordinals launched on Jan. 21, the upper range of the mean Bitcoin block size has increased from 1.5-2.0 MB to 3.0-3.5 MB in a matter of weeks.

Mean Bitcoin block sizes over the last three months. Source: Glassnode.

However, this hasn't led to a surge in fees. While there have been some short-lived spikes, Glassnode stated that a “new lower bound transaction fee required for block inclusion” has been reached since Ordinals made their mark on Jan. 21.

Median transaction fees on the Bitcoin network over the last five years. Source: Glassnode.

The technological applications behind the Ordinal protocol were enabled by the Taproot soft fork, which took effect in November 2021. Bitcoin Ordinals launched on Jan. 21.

Through the use of the Ordinals numbering scheme, Bitcoin users can assign arbitrary content to satoshis — the smallest denomination of BTC — which enables them to inscribe Bitcoin-native, nonfungible token (NFT)-like images.

There have been over 78,400 NFT-like images and videos inscribed thus far.

The latest Ordinals inscripted onto the Bitcoin network. Source. Ordinals.

The impact of the NFT-like images on Bitcoin hasn’t come without controversy though.

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Some notable “Bitcoiners” such as Blockstream CEO Adam Back have recently expressed their his disliking the Ordinals protocol, suggesting that it deviates from Bitcoin’s purpose as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system.

However, others have been more open to the idea. Bitcoin bull Dan Held has asserted on several occasions that Ordinals bring more “financial use cases to Bitcoin.”

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Debate Intensifies Over Significance and Implications of Ordinal Inscriptions on Bitcoin Blockchain

Debate Intensifies Over Significance and Implications of Ordinal Inscriptions on Bitcoin BlockchainDuring the past two weeks, members of the cryptocurrency community have discussed the non-fungible token (NFT) concept known as Ordinals. Since the 3.96 MB block (#774,628) was mined, there has been a significant increase in Ordinal inscriptions on the Bitcoin blockchain. Ordinal Inscriptions on Bitcoin Blockchain Spark Debate Among Crypto Community The controversial NFT concept […]

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Ordinals protocol sparks debate over NFT’s place in the Bitcoin ecosystem

The community has been divided as to whether the NFT-like "digital artifacts" are the right fit for the Bitcoin ecosystem.

The recent launch of a nonfungible token (NFT) protocol on the Bitcoin mainnet has the crypto community divided over whether it’ll be good for the Bitcoin ecosystem. 

The protocol, referred to as “Ordinals,” was created by software engineer Casey Rodarmor, who officially launched the program on the Bitcoin mainnet following a Jan. 21 blog post.

The protocol essentially allows for the Bitcoin version of NFTs — described as “digital artifacts” on the Bitcoin network.

These “digital artificats” can comprise of JPEG-like images, PDFs, video and audio formats.

Meme-inspired, NFT-like “digital artifacts” are now being inscripted on the Bitcoin network. Source: Ordinals.

The introduction of the protocol has the Bitcoin community divided however, with some arguing that it would offer more financial use cases for Bitcoin, while others say its straying away from Satoshi Nakamoto’s vision of Bitcoin as a peer-to-peer cash system.

Bitcoin bull Dan Held was one of those on board with the development, noting that it would drive demand for block space, and thus fees, while bringing more use cases to Bitcoin.

Some have pointed out that these NFT-like structures have taken up block space on the Bitcoin network, which could drive up transaction fees.

Among those include “Bitcoin is Saving” on Twitter, suggesting to its 237,600 followers on Jan. 29 that “privileged wealthy white” people’s desire to put JPEGs as status symbols may exclude marginalized people from participating in the Bitcoin network.

Cryptocurrency researcher Eric Wall disagreed with the opinion that the in-built block size limit will prevent a rise in transaction fees.

Others, such as Blockstream CEO and Bitcoin core developer Adam Back wasn’t happy with meme culture being brought to Bitcoin, who suggested the developers to take the “stupidity” elsewhere:

However, Ethereum bull and host of The Daily Gwei Anthony Sassano took a shot at the Blockstream CEO for wanting “undesirable” transactions to be censored — which many believe goes against the ethos of Bitcoin:

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In a blog post, Rodarmor explained that the NFT-like structures are created by inscribing satoshis — the native currency of the Bitcoin network — with arbitrary content.

These inscribed satoshis — which are cryptographically represented by a string of numbers — can then be secured or transferred to other Bitcoin addresses, according to notes in Ordinal’s technical documentation:

“Inscribing is done by sending the satoshi to be inscribed in a transaction that reveals the inscription content on-chain. This content is then inextricably linked to that satoshi, turning it into an immutable digital artifact that can be tracked, transferred, hoarded, bought, sold, lost, and rediscovered.”

The inscriptions take place on the Bitcoin mainnet, no sidechain or separate token is needed, the document states.

It appears that only 277 digital artifacts have been inscripted thus far, according to the Ordinals website.

Interestingly, Rodarmor — admitted in an Aug. 25 interview on Hell Money Podcast that Ordinals was created to bring memes to life on Bitcoin:

“This is 100% a meme-driven development.”

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