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Bitcoin price could hit $750K to $1M by 2026 — Arthur Hayes

BitMEX founder Arthur Hayes expects Bitcoin to be $750,000 by 2026. Here’s how and why.

Love him or hate him, when Arthur Hayes speaks, people listen. 

Last week, as a guest on Impact Theory with Tom Bilyeu, Hayes made the case for why he believes Bitcoin (BTC) price will hit $750,000 to $1 million by 2026.

Hayes said,

“I absolutely agree that there is going to be a major financial crisis, probably as bad or worse than the great depression, sometime near the end of the decade, before we get there we’re gonna have, I think, the largest bull market in stocks, real estate, crypto, art, you name it, that we’ve ever seen since WW2.”

Hayes cites the nearly-predictable response of the United States government rushing in to intervene in every economic crisis with a bail out as a key catalyst behind the structural problems in the US economy.

He explained that this essentially creates an endless cycle of central bank printing, which leads to inflation and prevents the economy from going through natural market cycles of growth and correction.

“We all have collectively agreed that the government is there essentially to attempt to remove the business cycle. Like, there should never be bad things that happen to the economy and if there are, we want the government to come in and destroy the free market. So every time we’ve had a financial crisis over the past 80 years. What happens? The government rushes in and they essentially destroy some part of the free market because they want to save the system.”

Let’s take a quick look at a few of the catalysts that Hayes believes will back Bitcoin’s move into six-figure territory.

Mounting debt and out of control inflation.

According to Hayes, mounting government debt, a large amount that needs to be rolled over, and diminishing productivity can only be addressed with money printing. While monetary expansion does lead to bull markets, the consequence tends to be high inflation.

“In the first instance it creates a massive bull market in stocks, crypto, real estate, things that have a fixed supply, maybe they’re productive and have some earnings. But after that, we’re going to find out that, actually, the government can save everything. It can’t just print as much money as they think to try to save themselves by fixing the yield and price of their bonds and we’re going to get a generational collapse.”

Hayes expects a “massive top” at some point in 2026, followed by a great depression-like situation occurring by the end of the decade.

The US Government bankrupted the banking system

When asked about future contributors to inflation, Hayes zoned in on the $7.75 trillion in US debt that must be rolled over by 2026 and the yield curve inversion in US bonds.

Traditionally China, Japan and other nations were the main buyers of US debt but this is not the case anymore, a change which Hayes believes will exacerbate the situation in the states.

According to Hayes, “the US banking system is functionally insolvent because the regulators made the rules in such a way that it was profitable from an accounting perspective, not an economic perspective, to essentially take in deposits and buy low yielding treasuries and they could do it with almost infinite leverage and a few basis points differing in the change of the price and everyone makes a lot of money and gets a big bonus.”

“The banks collectively bought all these treasuries in 2021 and obviously the price went down a lot since then and that’s why we have the regional banking crisis.”

The largest concern expressed by Hayes is “at a structural level, the US banking system cannot buy more debt, because it cannot afford to because it is structurally insolvent. The Federal Reserve has committed to doing quantitative tightening, so it's not accumulating more treasuries.”

Hayes explained that the market is digesting this, and the nuance here is that despite high rates on treasuries, gold prices remain high and certain market participants who previously were treasury buyers are disinterested.

Currently, banks’ struggle to attract deposits, and the difficulty of matching their deposit rates to the current rates available in the market creates revenue and debt management stress at a level which could become critical to the function of the entire banking system. Like many cryptocurrency advocates, Hayes believes that it’s in times like this that a certain cohort of investors begins to look at different investment options, including Bitcoin.

Hayes’ view on why Bitcoin is destined for $750,000

Despite what appears to be a generally dismal outlook on the global and U.S. economy, Hayes still expects Bitcoin price to outperform, and he placed a target estimate in the $750,000 to $1 million range by the end of 2026.

Hayes expects Bitcoin to continue,

“Chopping around $25,000 to $30,000 this year as we get to some sort of financial disturbance and people recognize that real rates are negative. If the economy is growing at a nominal rate of 10%, but I’m only getting 5% or 6%, even though it's high, people on the margin are going to start buying other stuff, crypto being one of those things.”

Coming into 2024, Hayes said either a financial crisis will push rates closer to 0% or the government keeps raising rates, but not as fast as governments spend money and people continue looking for better returns elsewhere.

The eventual approval of a spot Bitcoin ETF in the U.S., Europe and perhaps Hong Kong, plus the halving event could push price to a new all-time high at $70,000 in June or July of 2024. Regaining the all-time high by the end of 2024 is when the “real fun starts and the real bull market starts” and Bitcoin enters the “750,0000 to $1 million on the upside.”

When asked whether the estimated price level would stick, Hayes agreed that a 70% to 90% drawdown would occur in BTC price, just like it has after each bull market.

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

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Ripple gets formal approval for Singapore payments license

Ripple said it received its fully-fledged digital payment tokens license from the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Ripple says it received a license to operate as a major payments institution from Singapore's central bank allowing it to continue operations in the country after receiving in-principle approval in June.

In an Oct. 4 blog post, the company said its local entity, Ripple Markets APAC Pte Ltd, was granted the full license by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS).

Ripple chief Brad Garlinghouse said in a statement that "Singapore has developed into one of the leading fintech and digital asset hubs striking the balance between innovation, consumer protection and responsible growth.”

Garlinghouse said Singapore was home to the firms Asia Pacific headquarters since 2017 and the country "has been pivotal to Ripple’s global business."

The license allows Ripple to provide digital payment token services. It joins a list of 14 others given the same license by MAS including the local arms of crypto exchanges Coinbase, Independent Reserve and Blockchain.com.

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Latvia central bank opens to fintech with ‘Innovation Hub’

The Bank of Latvia has been quietly stepping up its game in providing assistance to fintech projects while employing the latest emerging technologies internally.

Fintech innovations and emerging technologies have swept the world, causing global lawmakers to rush to understand and regulate them. 

While some countries like the United States and El Salvador have had a public relationship with adopting new technologies, others have quietly joined the game. Among these is Latvia, a small country located in the Baltics, neighboring Estonia and Lithuania.

Cointelegraph spoke with Marine Krasovska, the head of financial technology at Latvijas Banka (Bank of Latvia) — Latvia’s central bank — to better understand how regulators in the country are dealing with new technologies like cryptocurrencies and artificial intelligence (AI).

Unlike its neighbor Estonia, which was the first European country to provide clear regulations and guidelines for digital currencies, these assets remain unregulated in the Latvian landscape. The Latvian Personal Income Tax Act defines crypto as a capital asset subject to the general capital gains tax of 20%.

Back in 2020, one of the country’s financial regulators, the Financial and Capital Market Commission (FCMC), warned the public about crypto fraud — particularly given that in Latvia, crypto companies “operate in an infrastructure that is currently characterized by lower regulation than in the financial and capital markets.”

An upcoming hub of innovation 

Since early warnings from the FCMC, Latvia has not developed new cryptocurrency regulations. However, Krasovska explained that in the last five years, the central bank, which is the primary regulator in Latvia, has been operating its Innovation Hub.

Krasovska said participation by fintech companies is not mandatory; however, the bank advises it as a “first entry point” to the Latvian market. The central bank offers this service free of charge for international companies and those originating from Latvia.

Krasovka speaks at the Global Government Fintech Lab 2022 conference. Source: Global Government Fintech

“When businesses come to the Innovation Hub and begin to describe their business model, sometimes we start to understand what companies actually need and don’t need,” she said.

She added that it’s an opportunity for businesses to talk in person with regulators to understand the business licensing needed and get risks assessed.

“We always suggest for companies to bring a lawyer to disclose interpretation risks. Interpretation of legislation is a very high-level responsibility.” 

Within the Innovation Hub, the bank has also created a pre-licensing process. According to Krasovska, this was created to help fintech companies — particularly those dealing with digital assets — create a “package of documents” that they can receive feedback on regarding the quality. 

Related: Germany’s blockchain funding increases 3% amid market downturn: Report

“So when the official application goes in,” she said, “the license process will be focusing on the main ideas rather than the quality of the application. This new pre-licensing began last summer.”

“We want to see more innovation on the market. But we also want to see that the risks are managed in a proper way.”

Krasovska said that last year, the Innovation Hub had 72 consultations with around 40% of all participants from Latvia. She commented that the hub’s data reveals increased interest from companies in “crypto and electronic money institutions services.”

Adoption from the inside

Along with helping businesses thrive in the Latvian fintech landscape, Krasovska said that the Latvian central bank itself is adopting new technologies to streamline its processes from the inside.

This includes moving central bank data into the cloud and adopting AI technologies like OpenAI’s popular chatbot ChatGPT.

“We, as a central bank, will also start this year to integrate artificial intelligence and ChatGPT in our work. Not just not just trying to do some kind of studies as everyone is using it, but we’re starting to adapt it in terms of we have identified our needs.” 

She said the central bank created an internal lab two years ago, which began experimenting with different kinds of technological solutions. 

Related: European Banking Authority calls for early adoption of stablecoin standards

She highlighted ChatGPT feasibility studies the bank has conducted, which will help it summarize large quantities of documents, such as tax documents that she called “not structured information.”

Krasovska also said the bank employs AI to help with data direction projects and supervise code.

Synthetic data creation

When it comes to data, the fintech executive said the Bank of Latvia is spearheading a new project in relation to synthetic data.

She said that when newcomers or tech companies developing new solutions ask for a data set to train business models, it has nothing it can legally provide.

“This year and also next year, we will be working with the database ideas from which we can create this synthetic data that is like a synthetic lottery or something along those lines,” she said.

“Then companies can come and use these different types of data to understand how their tools work or don’t work before they scale the business and offer their solution to real customers.” 

For example, businesses may need access to a large transaction database to understand how related monitoring tools work, “so what we’re doing right now is working on this integrated database,” she said.

Latvia and the current state of crypto

Over the summer, a report from the Latvian central bank said that local investments in crypto assets had declined by 50% over the past year.

The report was based on findings from payment card usage, revealing that 4% of the population bought crypto assets in February 2023, compared to 8% in the same month of 2022.

When asked about the sentiment toward cryptocurrencies in Latvia, Krasovska pointed to the crypto market conditions in combination with slumping market trends globally: “Globally, the financial markets are the way they are right now, and of course, this is [excluding] the crypto [market].”

Magazine: Crypto lawyer Irina Heaver on death threats, lawsuit predictions: Hall of Flame

Aside from the rocky conditions for the crypto community brought on by the lingering bear market, regulatory difficulties in major markets have caused investor sentiment to become less optimistic.

However, Krasovska pointed toward the European Union’s adoption and implementation of the Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) legislation as something the central bank can lean on.

“With the adoption of MiCA, we can ensure very high standards for financial services.”

Collect this article as an NFT to preserve this moment in history and show your support for independent journalism in the crypto space.

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Rep. Tom Emmer reintroduces anti-CBDC bill to Congress

The bill would limit the Fed from issuing a CBDC which Tom Emmer called a surveillance tool that would "undermine the American way of life."

Legislation aimed at preventing “unelected bureaucrats in Washington” from issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) has been reintroduced by Representative Tom Emmer.

On Sep. 12, Emmer and 49 original co-sponsors revived the “CBDC Anti-Surveillance State Act” in the United States House of Representatives in a bid, they claim, to protect Americans’ right to financial privacy.

“The administration has made it clear: President Biden is willing to compromise the American people’s right to financial privacy for a surveillance-style CBDC,” Emmer, a Republican, said in a statement, adding:

“That’s why I’m reintroducing my landmark legislation to put a check on unelected bureaucrats and ensure the United States’ digital currency policy upholds our values of privacy, individual sovereignty, and free-market competitiveness,”

Emmer first proposed the bill to address CBDCs in January 2022. It was formally introduced to Congress in February 2023 with the aim of limiting the Federal Reserve from minting a programmable digital dollar which Emmer claims is a “surveillance tool that would be used to undermine the American way of life.”

The bill specifically prohibits the Fed from issuing a CBDC to individuals which Emmer says would stop it mobilizing into a retail bank able to collect personal financial data.

The bill also prohibits the central bank from using any CBDC to implement monetary policy.

Related: Congressman Tom Emmer says SEC chair Gary Gensler is a ‘bad faith regulator’

In March, Tom Emmer warned against the weaponization of money as the federal government seeks to maintain and expand financial control.

U.S. presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. echoed the sentiment in May stating, “That is why I oppose CBDCs, which will vastly magnify the government’s power to suffocate dissent by cutting off access to funds with a keystroke,”

Other supporters of the CBDC Anti-Surveillance State Act include Senators French Hill, Warren Davidson, and Mike Flood.

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Israel, Hong Kong complete retail CBDC test emphasizing privacy, inclusivity

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Bank of Israel and Bank for International Settlements teamed up to address the complex issues of rCBDCs.

The Bank for International Settlements and the central banks of Hong Kong and Israel released the results of Project Sela on Sept. 12. The project was a public-private partnership that used private intermediaries to create a retail central bank digital currency (rCBDC) combining the desirable characteristics of cash and the advantages of digitalization.

The project leveraged the central banks’ diverse experience to incorporate a number of predefined policy, security, technology and legal features. The private participants were fintechs FIS and M10 Networks, which provided core products, Clifford Chance for legal analysis and Check Point Software Technologies for cyber security. The project was a proof-of-concept.

In the Sela ecosystem, the central bank that issues an rCBDC maintains the ledger for it with pseudo-anonymous end-user accounts and provides instantaneous settlement with a real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system. Funding institutions manage users’ accounts and convert the rCBDC into and out of bank deposits and cash. An intermediary called an access enabler handles all customer-facing services, including Know Your Customer compliance, endorsements and routing, while end users maintain control over their electronic wallets with cryptographic keys.

Related: Hong Kong regulator eyes tokenization for bond market improvement: Report

One advantage of the ecosystem is its accessibility for the private financial institutions that carry out the unbundled financial services, which will purportedly increase competition and lead to increased user access. Access enablers do not create accounts, manage records or control money, reducing the regulatory requirements placed on them:

“Lower entry barriers can enable wider participation in the provision of rCBDC services, compared with the existing payments market, to include, for example, SMEs [small- and medium-sized enterprises], civil society and charitable organisations, e-commerce providers, community centres and technology companies, among others.”

Financial institutions are understood in the traditional sense of banks, credit unions and similar organizations. Thus, it does not lead to disintermediation. Project Sela rCBDC users would not have to be account holders to use the services of those institutions to convert an rCBDC to or from cash. Payments are settled by the central banks, and users control their money the whole time. The central bank participants are assumed to be the operators of the distributed ledger system.

A system weak point noted in the report is RTGS systems, since they are usually not available around the clock and are not designed for frequent small transactions. Potential technical solutions are discussed.

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$73,000,000,000,000 Wealth Transfer Incoming – Here’s Who Will Gain the Most, According to Billionaire Ray Dalio

,000,000,000,000 Wealth Transfer Incoming – Here’s Who Will Gain the Most, According to Billionaire Ray Dalio

Billionaire investor Ray Dalio believes a historically massive transfer of wealth has been quietly boosted by central banks around the world. An estimated $73 trillion transfer of wealth is now underway as baby boomers bequeath assets to the next generation, reports Fortune. And according to a new economic update from Dalio, that wealth transfer has […]

The post $73,000,000,000,000 Wealth Transfer Incoming – Here’s Who Will Gain the Most, According to Billionaire Ray Dalio appeared first on The Daily Hodl.

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CBDCs will gradually displace private banks, says Russian lawmaker

Some Russian banks have been increasingly concerned about the potential implications of the digital ruble after the first pilots started in August.

Central bank digital currencies (CBDC) and blockchain technology are likely to displace traditional banks, according to a lawmaker in Russia.

Anatoly Aksakov, head of Russia’s parliamentary financial committee and a major skeptic of Bitcoin (BTC), has predicted that the traditional banking system will "fade away" with the adoption of the digital ruble, the local news agency RIA reported.

“As for the role of banks, I think that their role will decrease in the future with the development of blockchain,” Aksakov said at a meeting of the media forum AIF Media.

Private banks will have to find a new use and they would be able to participate in the infrastructure of digital financial assets and the digital ruble, Aksakov said, adding:

“The traditional role that they served will gradually fade away.”

Aksakov also noted that the Bank of Russia has limited the daily use of digital rubles at 200,000 rubles, or roughly $2,000. “One of the reasons is the separation of the banking system from money, because people from banks will have to move to the central bank’s system,” he added.

As Russia has been progressing with its CBDC rollout — launching first trials in August 2023 — local banks have been growing increasingly concerned about the potential implications of the digital ruble.

Last month, the Association of Russian Banks reportedly sent a letter to the Bank of Russia, asking the regulators to clarify whether it would compensate creditors for providing access to the digital ruble platform. The banks also asked the central bank to officially prohibit forcing the citizens to open a digital ruble account.

Related: Bank of China: Platforms must provide digital yuan retail payment option

On Aug. 1, Bank of Russia’s first deputy governor Olga Skorobogatova suggested that digital ruble adoption would force banks to offer “more interesting loyalty programs.”

“In this competition, in any case, the consumer will win, who will be able to use the entire set of non-cash payment tools,” Skorobogatova stated.

Russian banks aren’t the only ones that are concerned about their future amid the increasing adoption of CBDC and blockchain technology. In mid-August, the central bank of Colombia recommended putting limits on CBDC holdings and spending to help commercial banks stay relevant in terms of keeping their role as service providers for storing value.

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Jamaican taxi drivers bullish on accepting Jam-Dex CBDC

Jam-Dex would be significantly transformative for the public transportation sector and needs to be embraced, believes Aldo Antonio.

Bus and taxi operators in Jamaica are eager to use the country’s in-house central bank digital currency (CBDC)Jam-Dex — as locals seek operational efficiencies and reduced costs and security risks.

The Central Bank of Jamacia launched Jam-Dex, short for Jamaican Digital Exchange, in 2022, which was supported by an airdrop event to expedite its widespread adoption. More recently, Aldo Antonio, co-founder and acting executive chairman of the National Transporters Alliance Group (NTAG), revealed his efforts to spread Jam-Dex adoption among the transport community.

According to a local report from the Jamaica Observer, Antonio sees a lower curiosity in CBDCs among bus and taxi drivers — primarily due to a sluggish adoption rate among vendors and consumers. Regardless, Antonio remains optimistic:

“I see Jam-Dex as something that would be significantly transformative for the public transportation sector and needs to be embraced.”

In order to make Jam-Dex feasible, Antonio believes Jamaica needs more customers willing to use the CBDC. Failure to attract customers will discourage merchants and eventually result in the total abandonment of digital currency.

According to Antonio, food and transportation are the two main verticals that can increase the day-to-day Jam-Dex usage. He added:

“If we can get them [Jamaicans] moving and paying for transportation using Jam-Dex on a daily basis, it increases the rate at which we can get the digital currency into people’s hands.”

Moreover, CBDC’s widespread adoption eradicates the drivers’ concerns related to carrying cash or giving back the exact change. Jamaica is currently working toward enabling the CBDC services on mobile phones of the general public. “With that happening and training happening, then the sector could be in a position by January, if not before, to be able to accept Jam-Dex-type payments,” Antonio concluded.

An estimated 25,000–30,000 transport owners reside in Jamaica, who can help expand Jam-Dex’s reach beyond the existing 10,000 vendors with 200,000 people who use the CBDC through the digital wallet Lynk.

Related: Crypto Twitter is not happy with the name and logo of Jamaica’s CBDC

While Jamaica aims to bank on taxi drivers to expedite its CBDC adoption, Japanese auto-maker Nissan ramped up its Web3 efforts.

In Q1 2023, Nissan filed four new Web3-related trademarks in the United States. In addition, its Japan unit is experimenting with auto sales in the metaverse. The filings to the United States Patent and Trademark Office reveal Nissan’s plans to create virtual clothes, cars, headgear, trading cards, toys, tickets and a nonfungible token (NFT) marketplace for trading and minting NFTs.

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Crypto amplified financial risks in emerging markets: BIS papers

Central banks of the United States, Canada, Mexico and Brazil have pointed out the risks of crypto, but warned against excessively prohibitive laws.

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (BTC) have failed to reduce but rather have “amplified financial risks” in less developed economies, according to a new study published by the The Bank for International Settlements (BIS).

On Aug. 22, the Consultative Group of Directors of Financial Stability (CGDFS) released a new report on cryptocurrencies, titled “Financial stability risks from crypto assets in emerging market economies.”

The study was conducted by BIS member central banks within CGDFS including those in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and the United States. The document emphasized that the views expressed are those of the authors and “not necessarily the views of the BIS.”

According to the authors of the study, cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin hold out the “illusory appeal” of being a quick solution for financial challenges in emerging markets.

“They have been promoted as low-cost payment solutions, as alternatives for accessing the financial system and as substitutes for national currencies in countries with high inflation or high exchange rate volatility,” the study reads. As cryptocurrencies allegedly extended the financial stability risks of emerging markets, authorities have many policy options to address those risks, ranging from outright bans to containment to regulation, the report notes.

At the same time, there are also risks if central banks and regulators react in an “excessively prohibitive manner,” the paper reads, adding that such policies may drive crypto activities into the shadows. The authors added:

“While crypto-related activities have not fulfilled their stated goals to date, the technology could still be applied in various constructive ways. Creating a regulatory framework to channel innovation into such socially useful directions will remain a key challenge in future.”

The central banks mentioned Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) as one of major potential market risks in emerging markets as such products are able to lower the barriers to entry for “less sophisticated investors” and increase their exposure.

Among the risks, the study authors mentioned a situation where Bitcoin ETF investors “own no crypto assets but still face large losses when the price of Bitcoin drops.” Additionally, crypto futures-based ETFs “may increase price volatility and amplify risks if they hold a significant portion of the futures market,” the document notes.

Related: Ripple joins BIS cross-border payments task force

It also appears somewhat unclear what emerging markets exactly are implied in the study, as many jurisdictions in this category, including China and Pakistan, have been quite restrictive in terms of crypto regulations. Equally, it's not clear whether the situation is different for more developed countries.

The BIS did not immediately respond to Cointelegraph’s request for comment.

Though not necessarily expressing views of the BIS, the study is another sign that the authority is cautious about the adoption of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. In another report in July, the international financial institution reiterated its high skepticism over crypto, pointing to commonly-cited issues like the instability of stablecoins and the purported irreversibility of smart contracts.

On the other hand, the central bank spoke highly of central bank digital currencies. “By underpinning the future monetary system, CBDCs would be the foundation upon which further innovations are built,” the authority wrote.

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Colombia central bank recommends limiting CBDC holdings and spending

Setting limits on CBDC transactions could be beneficial to issues related to user privacy and security, according to the central bank of Colombia.

The central bank of Colombia has not yet decided whether or not to issue a central bank digital currency (CBDC), but believes that setting limits on CBDC transactions could bring about a number of benefits.

In its latest CBDC study, titled “Expected Macroeconomic Effects of Issuing a Retail CBDC,” Colombia’s Banco de la República concluded the potential introduction of a retail CBDC doesn’t pose any significant macroeconomic risks.

In order to mitigate any potential threats associated with CBDC, Colombia’s central bank recommended setting holding and spending limits for the digital currency. According to the regulator, such a CBDC design would increase the security of funds as CBDC holdings limits could safeguard users from cyberattacks targeting their balances or transactions.

Setting limits on retail CBDC holdings could also allow regulators to deal with the tradeoff between privacy and transparency by offering diverse tiers of limits.

For example, the Colombian central bank could offer digital wallets with small holding limits and a high level of privacy for people that place a high valuation to their transaction data. On the other hand, those who are comfortable with disclosing more data could prefer high holding limits and lower levels of privacy.

Additionally, CBDC limits could be beneficial for commercial banks as they would reduce the demand for a retail CBDC as a store of value in competition with bank accounts, the central bank noted.

“The introduction of the CBDC could be an attractive alternative for some risk-averse holders of other cash-like instruments,” the study reads, adding that this could impact the demand for government bonds, commercial papers and term deposit certificates. The study authors stated:

“By imposing CBDC holding limits to end users, this, and other types of situations — the tradeoff between privacy and security — could be easily controlled.”

While closely monitoring and studying the global development of CBDC, the Colombian central bank is still uncertain about whether its nation needs such a digital currency.

“The decision of issuing a retail CBDC must consider the fact that it would also need to have enough desirable features to generate a core group of users sufficient to generate the network externalities needed to make it viable,” the study authors stated.

Related: Canadians have ‘weak incentives’ to use a CBDC: Bank of Canada

A number of other global jurisdictions and organizations have considered setting limits on CBDC holding and spending as well.

In July, major United Kingdom’s finance trade bodies like UK Finance argued that the government should limit users’ digital pound holdings between 3,000 British pounds ($3,800) and 5,000 pounds ($6,400). According to UK Finance, a higher limit on Britcoin holdings — such as 20,000 pounds ($25,600) per individual — could destabilize the traditional banking system by facilitating bank runs or deposit competition with banks.

In 2020, European Central Bank’s director general of market infrastructure and payments, Ulrich Bindseil, proposed the adoption of a digital euro holding limit of 3,000 euros ($3,271) per person.

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