USDD

Wallets associated with Sam Bankman-Fried's Alameda Research could be behind the dollar de-peg, alleges Tron's founder.

In April 2022, the Tron network launched USDD, a token pegged to the U.S. dollar, as an "over-collateralized stablecoin," meaning its likelihood of slipping below $1 should be lower due to excessive reserves backing its valuation.

USDD stablecoin slips below $1 peg

But it was not enough to keep USDD's price anchored to $1 on Nov. 8 when some whales dumped over 11 million USDD tokens to seek exposure in rival stablecoins Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC). A day later, USDD's price fell to as low as $0.96, followed by a modest recovery to $0.98 on Nov. 10. 

The selling pressure was visible more broadly in the USDD liquidity pool on Curve's decentralized finance protocol. As of Nov. 10, the pool was heavily imbalanced, holding nearly 82.50% in USDD and the rest in USDT, USDC, and DAI stablecoins. 

Tron founder Justin Sun speculates that Alameda Research, a crypto hedge fund headed by FTX's Sam Bankman-Fried, could be the whale dumping its USDD holdings to avoid insolvency. Alameda's balance sheet reportedly was 50% FTT (FTT), FTX's native token that has recently fallen more than 90%.

I think probably Alemeda just sold their USDD to cover the liquidity of ftx exchange. The pool currently is back with a healthy rate. pic.twitter.com/oSIzUNqE0Z

— H.E. Justin Sun (@justinsuntron) November 9, 2022

Miscalculated collateral reserves

USDD is issued by Tron DAO Reserve (TDR), which also serves as the custodian of its collateral. TDR is primarily responsible for selling the collateral to maintain USDD's peg in the event of a sell-side shock.

In theory, USDD appears sufficiently backed by a $2-billion pool of crypto collateral in the form of Bitcoin (BTC), Tron (TRX), and USDC, with the reserves reportedly outweighing the stablecoin supply by over 283%.

But there's a catch.

Currently, almost all the stablecoin collateral worth in TDR's reserve wallets are staked and earning yields in JustLend, the largest lending protocol in the Tron ecosystem by total-value-locked (TVL). Meanwhile, 99% of TRX collateral is locked inside a "staking governance" contract.

TDR also appears to be incorrectly including burnt TRX worth over $725 million as collateral. Overall, that leaves the DAO with about $600 million worth of USDC and $236 million worth of BTC in its liquefiable reserves.

In other words, an almost 113% collateral ratio versus the 283% boasted.

Bitcoin, TRX prices slide

USDD's collateral ratio could fluctuate further as its reserve assets, BTC and TRX, undergo price declines.

Notably, BTC's price has plunged by more than 22% week-to-date to around $16,500 in a crypto market meltdown led by the Alameda-FTX fiasco. On the other hand, TRX wiped approximately 12% off its valuation in the same period, trading at around $0.05 on Nov. 10.

The Tron token now eyes a break below its support long-standing support confluence, comprising its 200-week exponential moving average (200-week EMA; the blue wave) near $0.052 and its 0.236 Fib line near $0.055.

This may push TRX on an extended decline toward the $0.022-$0.030 range (marked in red in the chart above). This area was instrumental as a consolidation channel in August 2020-January 2021 and January 2019-July 2021.

Furthermore, it served as support between February and November 2018.

Related: Buying Bitcoin ‘will quickly vanish’ when CBDCs launch — Arthur Hayes

At the same time, Bitcoin has entered the breakdown phase of its prevailing inverse-cup-and-handle pattern, now eyeing $14,000 as its primary downside target.

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