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How blockchain can help reimagine a new state in Africa

Eche Emole, the co-founder of Afropolitan, explains how the nation-state experiment has failed, especially in Africa, and how blockchain can be used to reimagine a new state.

On episode 12 of Cointelegraph’s Hashing It Out podcast, Eche Emole, co-founder of Afropolitan, explains what it means to build a country on the blockchain.

From an event and media company, Afropolitan has transitioned to a blockchain-based state of Africans on the continent and in the diaspora. Emole, an African in the diaspora with a political science, philosophy and law background, believes the nation-state experiment has failed in Africa. According to him, the existing state structures have stifled the development of people on the continent.

“We truly believe that the nation-state experiment has failed for Africans globally. It has yielded nothing but poverty, weakness, corruption, and it very stifling.“

The co-founder of Afropolitan explains that the inspiration to build a network state comes from an article titled “How To Start a New Country,” written by former Coinbase chief technology officer Balaji Srinivasan, who has recently been in the news for a $2 million bet on Bitcoin reaching $1 million in 90 days. Another piece of literature that inspired the creation of Afropolitan is the first of the federalist papers, published by Alexander Hamilton.

According to Emole, the plan to build Afropolitan will occur in four phases: building a community, offering governance as a service, becoming a minimum viable state and securing land for the real-life version of the state, featuring a Chinatown and an embassy.

Emole believes that another reason why Afropolitan is necessary is the lack of opportunities that exist for Africans. Emole explains that the issue is a two-part problem beginning from the point where most Africans are not in the rooms where major decisions are being made. Moreover, the lack of cross-industry communication prevents collaborations between Africans in a way that solves problems.

Related: US Bank collapse — Is crypto being targeted?

Elisha (GhCryptoGuy) and Emole also discuss the hurdles of creating a nation on the blockchain, the future of crypto in Africa and Vitalik Buterin’s visit to the continent.

Listen to Hashing It Out Episode 12 on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts or TuneIn. You can also check out Cointelegraph’s full catalog of informative podcasts on the Cointelegraph Podcasts page.

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Nigeria CBDC adoption spikes as fiat currency shortage grip the nation

The acute cash shortage in Nigeria was due to the central bank’s decision to replace older bank notes with bigger denominations amid rising inflation.

Nearly 18 months after launching its in-house central bank digital currency (CBDC), eNaira, Nigeria witnessed its massive adoption as national fiat reverses face severe shortages. 

The acute cash shortage in Nigeria was due to the central bank’s decision to replace older bank notes with bigger denominations amid rising inflation. While developing nations were among the first to acknowledge the importance of a CBDC in revamping fiat capabilities, the idea is yet to materialize.

However, in the case of Nigeria, the lack of physical cash forced citizens to opt for the eNaira. In a country where cash accounts for about 90% of transactions, the value of eNaira transactions increased 63% to $47.7 million (22 billion naira), revealed a Bloomberg report.

Moreover, according to Godwin Emefiele, governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, the total number of CBDC wallets grew more than 12 times when compared to October 2022 — currently at 13 million wallets.

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The demonetization reduced the circulating cash supply from 3.2 trillion nairas to 1 trillion nairas. Compensating for this decline, Nigeria minted over 10 billion nairas in CBDC. In addition, eNaira payouts in government initiatives and social schemes also contribute to the increase in CBDC’s adoption.

For developing countries, CBDCs present a way to overcome challenges presented by the fiat economy, which includes reducing operating costs and strengthening anti-money laundering (AML) initiatives.

“The eNaira has emerged as the electronic payment channel of choice for financial inclusion and executing social interventions,” concluded Emefiele.

Related: eNaira is ‘crippled‘: Nigeria in talks with NY-based company for revamp

Amid the cash crunch, Nigerians have been presented with another option for procuring cryptocurrencies. MetaMask’s parent firm ConsenSys recently announced a new MoonPay integration, which allows Nigerians to purchase crypto via bank transfers.

Screenshot showing option to buy crypto using fiat. Source: ConsenSys

As shown in the above screenshot, the new feature is available within the MetaMask mobile and Portfolio DApp, significantly simplifying the process of buying crypto without using credit or debit cards in Nigeria.

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Developed markets lagging behind in digital payments: BlackRock CEO

In a letter to investors, BlackRock CEO Larry Fink highlighted the benefits of digital assets and said developing nations like the U.S. are lagging behind in innovation.

The CEO of American investment company BlackRock, Larry Fink, highlighted the potential of digital assets and tokenization for the asset management industry in his annual chairman’s letter to the company. 

The letter was published on March 15 and addressed various topics of interest to the firm over the last year, including digital assets. Fink highlighted the rising and sustained interest in these types of assets despite the FTX catastrophe.

He said beyond the hype, “interesting developments” are happening in the space. He especially noted the “dramatic advances” in the digital payment solutions that help forward financial inclusion in many emerging markets like India, Brazil and Africa.

However, according to Fink, developing markets are not at the same pace innovation-wise:

“By contrast, many developed markets, including the U.S., are lagging behind in innovation, leaving the cost of payments much higher.”

BlackRock currently manages around $8 trillion in assets and is one of the largest asset managers in the world. Fink said the asset management industry could have some “exciting applications” of the technology underlying these digital asset innovations.

Specifically, he praised the tokenization of asset classes with their potential in “driving efficiencies in capital markets, shortening value chains, and improving cost and access for investors.”

His statement ended not leaving out the risks and need for regulation of the crypto space but still pointing out that the company will be further exploring digital assets going forward.

Related: It’s not the end of crypto: EU asset manager gives 5 reasons why

This is not the first time Fink has made commentary on decentralized finance. After the fall of FTX, he commented that the FTX Token (FTT) caused the exchange’s downfall because it goes against “the whole foundation of what crypto is.

However, in the same conversation, he openly called the underlying technology of crypto and the blockchain revolutionary.

Back in September 2022, BlackRock released a new exchange-traded fund that invests in 35 blockchain-related companies.

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Why Senegal rejects the CFA and is warming to Bitcoin: video

Why is there a groundswell toward Bitcoin adoption in Dakar? And could it influence neighboring countries and regions to explore magic internet money?

Cointelegraph goes to Senegal, West Africa. The medium-sized African nation recently hosted a Bitcoin conference (BTC) and more and more merchants and customers are joining the Lightning Network. 

Armed with a camera, a lightning wallet and a microphone, Reporter Joe Hall took to the streets of Senegal to peer under the surface of Bitcoin adoption in the capital city, Dakar.

As the Cointelegraph Youtube video highlights, Senegal has a young, digitally native population and in recent years, its become second nature for people to send money via mobile phones rather than banks.

A mobile money provider called Wave, for example, began in 2017 in Senegal and has since expanded to other countries in West Africa. It now boasts millions of users. 

Much like Bitcoin, the mobile money revolution attempts to bank the unbanked and improve financial conditions for financially underserved populations. Its user experience is quite similar to sending money over Bitcoin’s Lightning Network, in that you scan a QR code or send money to a number, however, mobile money charges anything from 1 to 3% and can take a few minutes to confirm. It’s therefore a useful tool, but too costly for microtransactions.

In the video, Hall sends Bitcoin over the Lightning Network to a manager at Wave, who showed interest and surprise at the Bitcoin Lightning Network’s efficacy. In fact, many Senegalese were interested in receiving, acquiring or learning how to custody Bitcoin.

Speakers at Senegal's first major Bitcoin conference, DakarBtcDays.

The Dakar Bitcoin Days conference underscored the Senegalese’ interest in learning about and using Bitcoin. Founded by Nourou, Dakar Bitcoin Days is part of Bitcoin Sen, another pocket of budding Bitcoin activity in West Africa.

However, the overarching reason which could lead to greater Bitcoin adoption in Senegal is breaking the monetary chains of its colonial past.

Related: ‘We don’t like our money’: The story of the CFA and Bitcoin in Africa

In 1994, the value of the local currency, the CFA was sliced in half by a combination of efforts from France, the IMF and the World Bank. Senegalese fiat savings were decimated.

The scars of this monetary collapse and its residual regime remain in west africa and Senegal. The CFA money is not sovereign and it disempowers and disenfranchises people.

That’s why people are looking for alternatives, and some are turning to Bitcoin.

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