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Ethereum futures premium hits a 7-month low as ETH tests the $2,400 support

ETH price dropped 30% in two weeks, and derivatives data shows pro traders are bearish even with Feb. 25’s rally back toward $2,800.

Ether (ETH) reached a $3,280 local high on Feb. 10, marking a 51.5% recovery from the $2,160 cycle low on Jan. 24. That price was the lowest in six months, and it partially explains why derivatives traders’ main sentiment gauge plummeted to bearish levels.

Ether’s futures contract annualized premium, or basis, reached 2.5% on Feb. 25, reflecting bearishness despite the 11% rally to $2,700. The worsening conditions depict investors’ doubts regarding the Ethereum network’s shift to a proof-of-stake (PoS) mechanism.

As reported by Cointelegraph, the much-anticipated sharding upgrade that will significantly boost processing capacity should come into effect in late 2022 or early 2023.

Analyzing Ether’s performance from a longer-term perspective provides a more appealing sentiment, as the cryptocurrency is currently 45% below its $4,870 all-time high.

Furthermore, the Ethereum network’s adjusted total value locked (TVL) has held a reasonable 42.8 million ETH despite the price correction.

Ethereum network total value locked, in ETH. Source: DefiLlama

As shown above, the network’s TVL increased by 16.5% in three months, reflecting growth from decentralized finance (DeFi) and nonfungible token (NFT) marketplaces.

However, due to network upgrade delays and worsening global macro conditions, professional traders are becoming frustrated and anxious, a sentiment that is depicted in multiple derivatives metrics.

Ether futures hit their most bearish level in seven months

Retail traders usually avoid quarterly futures due to their fixed settlement date and price difference from spot markets. However, the contracts’ biggest advantage is the lack of a fluctuating funding rate, hence the prevalence of arbitrage desks and professional traders.

These fixed-month contracts usually trade at a slight premium to spot markets because sellers are requesting more money to withhold settlement longer. This situation is known technically as “contango” and is not exclusive to crypto markets.

Ether futures 3-month annualized premium. Source: Laevitas

Futures should trade at a 5%–15% annualized premium in healthy markets. Yet, as displayed above, Ether’s annualized premium has decreased from 20% on Oct. 21 to a meager 2.5%.

Although the basis indicator remains positive, it has reached the lowest level in seven months. The crash to $2,300 on Feb. 24 caused bearish sentiment to prevail, and not even Feb. 25’s 10% recovery was enough to flip the tables.

Currently, data shows few signs that bulls are ready to regain control. If this were the case, the Ether futures premium would have turned positive after such a rally.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision.

VanEck Doubles Down on Big Bitcoin Price Target, Says Key Indicators Continue To ‘Signal Green’

Here’s why the SEC keeps rejecting spot Bitcoin ETF applications

Crypto investors still hope that the SEC will approve a spot-based BTC ETF one day, but data shows it has good reason not to.

It is not the first time the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rejected proposals for a Bitcoin spot exchange-traded product (ETP), but efforts continue to be made by different financial institutions. The recent attempt made by Cboe BZX Exchange on Jan. 25 to list the Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Trust as a Bitcoin ETP has also failed

The SEC letter published on Feb. 8 pointed out that the exchange has not met its burden to demonstrate the fund is “designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts” and “to protect investors and the public interest.”

Although proposals of Bitcoin spot ETPs have never been approved by the SEC and such products are not available in the U.S. market, they do exist in the European market. By investigating the prices of ETPs traded in the European market, one could gain a good insight into whether fraudulent and manipulative acts are possible.

To investigate whether the SEC’s concerns of fraudulent and manipulative acts are justifiable, this article will compare the historic prices of three European listed ETPs and the Bitcoin spot price history from 18 exchanges to see if there are any significant price disparities that could induce market manipulation.

The SEC's primary concerns

There were two major concerns raised by the SEC from a technical perspective towards BZX Exchange’s proposal:

(1) No data or analysis was provided to support the argument that arbitrage across the Bitcoin platforms helps to keep global Bitcoin prices aligned with one another, thus hindering manipulation and eliminating any cross-market pricing differences. There is no indication of how closely Bitcoin prices are aligned across different Bitcoin trading venues or how quickly price disparities may be arbitraged away.

(2) The exchange does not demonstrate the proposed methodology for calculating the index would make the proposed ETP resistant to fraud or manipulation. Specifically, the exchange has not assessed the possible influence that spot platforms not included among the index’s constituent Bitcoin platforms would have on Bitcoin prices used to calculate the index.

To see if the above issues exist and whether manipulative acts are possible within the ETPs listed in the European markets, historic data (from Google Finance) of the following three ETPs listed in SIX Swiss Exchange are compared with Bitcoin spot price from exchanges (data from Cryptowatch).

  • WisdomTree Bitcoin ETP (BTCW-USD)
  • 21Shares Bitcoin ETP (SWX:ABTC-USD)
  • Coinbase Physical BTC ETP (SWX:BITC-USD)

Correlation between Bitcoin ETPs and spot price suggest price disparities exist

As described in the proposal by BZX Exchange, the index calculation will be based on the volume-weighted median price (VWMP) in the previous five minutes from five exchanges — Bitstamp, Coinbase, Gemini, itBit, and Kraken.

In a very simple and basic attempt to replicate the index calculation with best efforts, the daily spot prices from four out of the five aforementioned exchanges — Bitstamp, Coinbase, Gemini and Kraken — are used.

Since the Bitcoin ETP price scale is often different from the Bitcoin spot price, the daily percentage change (or daily return) is used in all charts for easy comparison of price disparities.

The graphs below show the daily return comparison between each of the three ETPs and the aggregated Bitcoin spot price, calculated from the four exchanges using the volume-weighted median method.

The left-hand-side scatter plot shows how closely the ETP price is aligned to the spot price. If the two are perfectly aligned, all the points should fall onto the blue dash line. The right-hand-side plot compares the daily percentage return and also plots the difference between the two.

Comparing WisdomTree ETP and the spot, although most of the points in the scatter plot cluster within the +/-5% radius, there are certainly some significant price disparities outside this radius. One day during the three-month period had the daily return difference (blue dash line) between the ETP and spot price reached above 10%.

Bitcoin spot from 4 exchanges vs. WidsdomTree ETP (in % change). Source: Cryptowatch

It is also interesting to note that the volatility of ETP price percentage change tends to be higher than the spot. The graph below comparing Coinbase Physical Bitcoin (blue line) and Bitcoin spot (pink line) shows the percentage change of the former could reach nearly 15% whereas the latter only went past 10%.

Bitcoin spot from 4 exchanges vs. Coinbase Physical Bitcoin (in % change). Source: Cryptowatch

Similarly, 21Shares Bitcoin ETP price is also more volatile than the spot and the correlation with the spot is lower (62%) than that of WisdomTree (67%) and Coinbase Physical Bitcoin (66%).

Bitcoin spot from 4 exchanges vs. 21Shares ETP (in % change). Source: Cryptowatch

The price comparisons shown above suggest cross-market pricing differences between the ETP price and the Bitcoin spot price from exchanges exist. The price disparities have not been arbitraged away quickly enough to prevent manipulative acts.

However, it is important to highlight that this is only a very rough comparison using the daily data. The difference in prices might be due to the different cut-off times each ETP uses to calculate the end-of-day price, i.e., exchange-traded products do not trade 24-hours like the crypto spot price; they trade during the Exchange’s regular trading hours from 9:30 am to 4:00 pm.

Also, in practice, a much higher frequency will be used to calculate the index price, i.e., the BZX Exchange proposal suggests calculating the index price using the previous five minutes data from five exchanges and updating the Intraday Indicative Value (IIV) per share every 15 seconds. The analysis done here is using only daily aggregated data to proxy the index price and might not reflect the actual index price using high-frequency data.

It is worth pointing out that although price disparities can be observed between ETPs and spot price using daily data, price discrepancies between the ETPs, themselves, are much smaller as shown in the graphs below.

Scatter plot for price disparities between ETPs. Source: Cryptowatch

It is very likely that these ETPs listed in the same exchange all use the same frequency and cut-off time to calculate their prices; hence, the price differences are smaller among themselves. This reinforces the point that the price disparities between the Bitcoin ETP and Bitcoin spot price might come from the frequency and the cut-off time used in the methodology of ETP index calculation, which can not be replicated exactly the same in this analysis.

Spot price disparities between exchanges are minimal

In the first point of concern mentioned at the beginning of the article, the SEC also asked how closely Bitcoin prices are aligned across different Bitcoin trading venues.

Based on the cross-platform BTC/USD data collected from 18 exchanges from Cryptowatch, the exchange price disparities are very small. As an example to show how closely the prices align to each other, Coinbase, Gemini and Bitstamp are compared against Kraken and the correlation between each pair is very close to 100%.

The SEC is also concerned about the possibility of price influence and manipulation from spot platforms that are not included among the index’s constituents. If Bitcoin prices from other platforms are very different from the four constituent platforms, Bitstamp, Coinbase Gemini and Kraken market manipulators might seek to exploit the disparities for profit.

To see if price disparities exist between the four platforms and others, the bottom right graph below compares the aggregated volume-weighted median price from the four platforms with the aggregated price from all 18 exchanges. The nearly perfectly aligned line shows there is almost no difference between the two. The spot platforms do not have large price disparities and the prices are closely aligned across different Bitcoin trading venues.

Scatter plot for price disparities between exchanges. Source: Cryptowatch

With such great similarity in daily prices, manipulative acts will be very difficult across exchanges. However, price manipulation could still happen intraday but it’s beyond the reach of this analysis due to lack of high-frequency intraday data.

Based on the analysis from the three SIX Swiss Exchange listed ETPs prices and the Bitcoin spot prices from 18 exchanges, it seems price disparities do exist between ETP and spot. This could potentially lead to manipulative acts towards ETP index price, even though the applicants frequently claimed the sophisticated index calculation methodology prevents such acts.

The SEC’s concerns about fraud and manipulation seems to be justified based on the price disparities between these European listed ETPs and the spot price. That said, the difference could be caused by the daily data frequency used in this analysis, which is different from the high-frequency data used in practice.

On the contrary, no significant price disparities can be found among different Bitcoin trading venues. Although the spot markets from these venues are more decentralied and less regulated than traditional stock exchanges, malicious price manipulation across these platforms could still be very difficult.

Given the large number of centralized and decentralized, regulated and unregulated crypto exchanges out there, it is extremely hard to prove price efficiency and similarity across all of them. The U.S. ETP applicants still have a long way to go to convince the SEC.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph.com. Every investment and trading move involves risk, you should conduct your own research when making a decision.

VanEck Doubles Down on Big Bitcoin Price Target, Says Key Indicators Continue To ‘Signal Green’

2 key indicators cast doubt on the strength of the current crypto market recovery

BTC and altcoins flashed bullish this week, but the perpetual contracts funding rate and Tether premium reflect a lack of confidence from traders.

Analyzing the aggregate cryptocurrency market performance over the past 7 days could give investors the impression that the total market capitalization grew by a mere 4% to $2.03 trillion, but this data is heavily impacted by the top 5 coins, which happen to include two stablecoins.

Excluding Bitcoin (BTC), Ether (ETH), Binance Coin (BNB) and stablecoins reflects a 9.3% market capitalization increase to $418 billion from $382 billion on Feb 4. This explains why so many of the top-80 altcoins hiked 25% or more while very few presented a negative performance.

Winners and losers among the top-80 coins. Source: Nomics

Gala Games (GALA) announced on Feb. 9 a partnership with world renowned hip-hop star Snoop Dogg to launch his new album and exclusive non-fungible token (NFT) campaign. Gala Games also has plans to support additional content like access to films, comics, and more in the future.

Theta Network (THETA), a decentralized video sharing platform, was fueled by a Theta Labs funding grant to Replay, a Web3 content payment and tracking protocol for content owners. According to the release, Replay's end-to-end solution will allow Theta users to be fairly rewarded for their contributions.

XRP also rallied after Ripple got permission for a 'fair notice defense’ to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The decision refers to the ongoing court case in which the SEC claimed that Ripple sold XRP as illegal securities.

On the other hand, the worst performers included decentralized storage protocols Arweave (AR) and Dfinity (ICP). Meanwhile, Cosmos (ATOM) saw the total value locked in the CosmosHub smart contract drop by 82% to $1.2 million.

Lastly, Solana (SOL) continued to reflect the negative sentiment directly connected to the Wormhole token bridge smart contract that was exploited on Feb. 2. The $321 million wrapped Ethereum hack was the largest loss so far in 2022.

Tether premium reflects low retail demand

The OKEx Tether (USDT) premium measures the difference between China-based peer-to-peer (P2P) trades and the official U.S. dollar currency. Excessive cryptocurrency retail demand tends to pressure the indicator above fair value, or 100%. On the other hand, bearish markets likely flood Tether's market offer, causing a 4% or higher discount.

Tether (USDT) peer-to-peer vs. USD/CNY. Source: OKX

Currently, the metric has a 99.5% reading, which is neutral, but the gap has been closing over the past 6 weeks. This signals that retail demand is picking up and is a positive reading considering that the total cryptocurrency capitalization remains 35% below the $3 trillion all-time high.

Futures markets confirm the lack of “euphoria”

Perpetual contracts, also known as inverse swaps, have an embedded rate usually charged every eight hours. Those measures are established to avoid exchange risk imbalances.

A positive funding rate indicates that longs (buyers) demand more leverage. However, the opposite situation occurs when shorts (sellers) require additional leverage, and this causes the funding rate to turn negative.

Perpetual futures 8-hour funding rate on Feb. 11. Source: Coinglass

As depicted above, the eight-hour fee is either zero or slightly negative in most cases. This data indicates a balanced leverage demand from longs (buyers) and shorts (sellers). Had there been a relevant risk appetite from either side, the rate would be above 0.05%, equivalent to 1% per week.

Perpetual futures are retail traders' preferred derivatives because its price tends to track the regular spot markets. The Tether premium and the funding rate are neutral-to-bearish despite the 4% weekly gain, but one should factor in that cryptocurrencies have recently faced a 50% drawdown, meaning these indicators are somewhat skewed.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision.

VanEck Doubles Down on Big Bitcoin Price Target, Says Key Indicators Continue To ‘Signal Green’

Strong Bitcoin and stocks rally position bulls for victory in Friday’s $860M options expiry

Recent strength in BTC and the recovery in equities markets are boosting investors’ confidence and giving bulls the upper hand.

Bitcoin (BTC) bulls have good reason to celebrate the 22% gain in the past week. The price is pushing toward $46,000 and to the surprise of many, the $43,000 level held steady despite the volatility caused by the United States inflation data released on Feb.10.

There have been mixed feelings on the macroeconomic side. For example, retail sales in the Eurozone disappointed on Feb. 4 when the figure showed a 2.0% year-on-year growth versus the 5.1% expectation. while the United States nonfarm payroll abruptly showed a 467,000 jobs increase.

Investors are clearly increasingly concerned about corporate earnings despite the stronger than expected China and U.S. economic growth. In the past few weeks, some big names took a hit, including Meta (FB), Delivery Hero (DHER-DE) and Paypal (PYPL).

Feb. 10’s 7.5% yearly U.S. consumer price index growth will likely reinforce the Federal Reserve’s expectations of at least two interest rate hikes throughout 2022 and not many investors can seek protection in treasuries because the five-year Treasury yield currently stands at 1.9%.

Bitcoin is still a risky asset, but its price is discounted

Considering that the S&P 500 is only 5% shy of its all-time high, Bitcoin’s recent strength should not come as a surprise. Curiously, put (sell) option instruments dominate the Feb. 11 options expiry, but bears were caught by surprise after Bitcoin price stabilized above $43,000 this week.

Bitcoin options aggregate open interest for Feb. 11. Source: CoinGlass

A broader view using the call-to-put ratio shows a 14% advantage to Bitcoin bears because the $400 million call (buy) instruments have a smaller open interest versus the $460 million put (sell) options. However, the 0.86 call-to-put indicator is deceptive because most bearish bets will become worthless.

For example, if Bitcoin’s price remains above $44,000 at 8:00 am UTC on Feb. 11, only $55 million worth of those put (sell) options will be available. That effect happens because there is no value in the right to sell Bitcoin at $40,000 if it’s trading above that level.

Bulls are aiming for a $300 million profit

Below are the three most likely scenarios based on the current price action. The number of options contracts available on Feb. 11 for bulls (call) and bear (put) instruments varies depending on the expiry price. The imbalance favoring each side constitutes the theoretical profit:

  • Between $42,000 and $44,000: 4,550 calls vs. 1,750 puts. The net result is $120 million favoring the call (bull) instruments.
  • Between $44,000 and $46,000: 6,380 calls vs. 860 puts. The net result favors bulls by $250 million.
  • Between $46,000 and $48,000: 7,860 calls vs. 50 puts. The net result favors the call (bull) instruments by $350 million.

This crude estimate considers the call options used in bullish bets and the put options exclusively in neutral-to-bearish trades. Even so, this oversimplification disregards more complex investment strategies.

For instance, a trader could have sold a call option, effectively gaining a negative exposure to Bitcoin above a specific price. But unfortunately, there’s no easy way to estimate this effect.

Related: Exchange stablecoin reserve hits $27B as Bitcoin rises toward $50K ‘fair value’

Bears best-case scenario remains unkind

Bitcoin bulls need a small pump above $46,000 to score a $350 million profit on Feb. 11. On the other hand, bears’ best case scenario requires a 4% price drop from the current $45,600 to reduce their loss to $120 million.

Bitcoin bears currently have no reason to add short positions, considering the recent weak corporate data numbers. Therefore, bulls should continue to display strength by pushing the price to $46,000 or higher during Feb. 10’s options expiry.

A $350 million profit might be just what’s needed for bulls to regain confidence and re-open long leverage futures, causing further upward pressure.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision.

VanEck Doubles Down on Big Bitcoin Price Target, Says Key Indicators Continue To ‘Signal Green’

From Morgan Stanley to crypto world: in a conversation with Phemex founder

Running a crypto business is no easy job. And running a crypto exchange might seem like an impossible job to do.

Founded in 2019 in Singapore, Phemex has been operating as a crypto derivatives exchange. The platform rose to the “top 10 global exchanges in less than two years, with a daily peak trading volume of more than $12 billion.” Cointelegraph talked to Jack Tao, founder and CEO of Phemex, about the difficulties and risks of running a crypto exchange and where he plans to take Phemex next.

Tell us about the story behind the exchange and what it was like to launch a trading platform during the crypto winter?

The story behind Phemex is one that seeks to provide solutions to the many issues I witnessed in traditional finance. When I initially discovered crypto, I was really excited because it seemed to be a way that would allow me to address the inefficiencies traditional finance has.

One technology solution, in particular, is blockchain. Because it offers many possibilities, my initial motivation was just to try it out and learn more. This led me to setting up a few modest mining operations and experimenting with various exchanges and trading platforms.

My first venture into cryptocurrency ended in significant losses. Despite the enormous promise that cryptos presented, I realized the sector still had a long way to go. The exchange I was using at the time had a lot of technical issues, which resulted in frequent outages and hacks. There were no standards in place, and there was little trust. To fix this, I sought to discover a solution by combining my financial and technological expertise gained on Wall Street.

The end result is Phemex, a powerful and efficient platform that, despite its partial Wall Street background, is dedicated to assisting everyone, not just a select few, in achieving financial independence. Phemex is great because it leverages traditional finance standards and tools while remaining true to cryptocurrency's values of financial freedom and self-empowerment.

How does a decade-long experience at Morgan Stanley help you manage your company?

Before co-founding Phemex, I held the position of global development VP of Electronic Trading (MSET) Benchmark Execution Strategies (BXS) at Morgan Stanley. My experience in finance gave me the fundamental skills and insights that made it possible to launch Phemex.

Because I had over ten years of experience building high throughput, low latency, large-scale algorithmic trading platforms, I was able to pinpoint the primary problems that faced the TradeFi sector. Because I could recognize the problems, all I needed to do was find the solutions, which was to build Phemex as one of the most reliable cryptocurrency and derivatives platforms.

I'm proud to say that Phemex has grown exponentially since its launch, and we now offer a variety of crypto spot markets and derivative contracts with up to 100x leverage. We've risen to the top 10 global exchanges in less than two years, with a daily peak trading volume of more than $12 billion.

What are the most difficult aspects of operating a crypto exchange? Does location play any role in it?

Operating a cryptocurrency exchange is not an easy task. Major challenges include safety and security concerns to make sure we are providing the most trustworthy and safe platform to our users. System and user account security are one of our highest priorities, and we have designed and implemented a Hierarchical Deterministic Cold Wallet System, which assigns separate cold wallet deposit addresses to each user.

All the deposits on Phemex are periodically gathered in the company’s multisignature cold wallet via offline signature. Based on our sophisticated Wall Street risk control experience, we are able to detect any malicious actions and quickly act to protect our users’ assets and the platform. Qualified withdrawal requests are also processed via offline signature, thereby, all assets remain 100% stored in a cold wallet system with all operations conducted offline.

With regards to location, choosing where to operate a cryptocurrency exchange is not so different from choosing where to operate a normal business. The considerations are actually quite simple: you want a good business and supportive policy environment, a growing economy, a city or cluster with talent that is innovative and entrepreneurial, as well as other business-friendly regulations and compliance structures.

Singapore is one place that matches these criteria. Singapore has emerged as a major cryptocurrency hub in Southeast Asia. Singapore not only has a strong financial sector and geopolitical position, but the city has also created a crypto-enabling environment, which has been essential to Phemex’s growth in such a short time. We are rapidly expanding our team in Singapore, and I’m excited to see what the future holds. 

How does doing this business in 2022 differ from doing it in 2019?

The cryptocurrency and blockchain business has definitely changed from 2019 to 2022. I’ll give you a few examples.

In 2019, the crypto market cap ended the year under $200 billion. Right now, the market cap is at $1.6 trillion, and at one point in 2021, it reached $3 trillion. So the difference in this regard is quite obvious. There’s more attention to the industry, there’s more investor interest, both retail and institutional, and there’s greater adoption. So doing business in this environment now where there’s more demand than before has been very beneficial. 

Another difference now compared to 2019 is the actual cryptocurrencies on the market. An interesting exercise I’d recommend any curious reader do is keep a yearly tab on the top 50 cryptos from whatever base year and compare it to the next. It’ll feel like comparing different technology epochs. 

But despite the rapid changes in the industry, we at Phemex will continue to move forward, and we will continue to launch new products and give our investors access to the best cryptocurrencies on the market.

“Many businesses claim to embody the ideals of crypto and blockchain, but the reality is that they’ve simply implemented the same old models, driven by profits and self-interest, to a new space. Our slogan, “Break Through, Break Free” – what do you mean by this statement?

After working in traditional finance for over a decade, I became disillusioned by the many limitations and injustices I witnessed. The industry is plagued by unreasonable fees and inefficient systems. In various ways, these all serve to favor the wealthy and suppress the underprivileged. This is why I said that many businesses today only imply the basic principles of crypto and blockchain. However, many of these businesses merely apply the same old profit-driven and self-interested endeavors to their own business models.

Our slogan, "Break Through, Break Free," encapsulates our company's principles and objectives. Phemex has everything a person needs to break into a better system where true financial autonomy is not only encouraged but embedded into the system's core. We believe that any individual can have the power to change their own lives and choose their own reality.

What’s next for Phemex? What should your community and users expect in 2022?

From a basic new currency to facilitating decentralized transactions to reconstructing practically the whole traditional financial system on-chain, we've come a long way. We will recreate and invent any imaginable service or process in the next phase, not only financial ones.

I'm also enthusiastic about some of the recent patterns I've seen. Specifically, the metaverse and nonfungible tokens (NFTs) have sparked my interest. The current surge of NFT collectibles and art, while possibly inflated, nonetheless points to a promising future. We're rethinking what ownership entails, and we're just getting started with new uses for on-chain assets. 

Similarly, the metaverse contains innovative GameFi, play-to-earn, and wealth distribution mechanisms that have the potential to profoundly alter our digital activities. And this is only the tip of the iceberg in terms of what's possible and what lies ahead.

Phemex has aided the growth of the metaverse by listing assets such as AXS, MANA, YGG, SAND, SLP and many more to come. We'll continue to keep a careful eye on this powerful megatrend.

Learn more about Phemex

Disclaimer. Cointelegraph does not endorse any content or product on this page. While we aim at providing you with all important information that we could obtain, readers should do their own research before taking any actions related to the company and carry full responsibility for their decisions, nor can this article be considered as investment advice.

VanEck Doubles Down on Big Bitcoin Price Target, Says Key Indicators Continue To ‘Signal Green’

This bullish Ethereum options trade targets $3.1K ETH price with zero liquidation risk

The crypto market is starting to turn around, raising opportunities for risk averse traders to use the Long Condor options strategy to long ETH.

Ether price (ETH) spent the last two months stuck in a rut and even the most bullish trader will admit that the possibility of trading above $4,400 in the next couple of months is dim. 

Of course, cryptocurrency traders are notoriously optimistic and it is not unusual for them to expect another $4,870 all-time high, but this seems like an unrealistic outcome.

Despite the current bearish trend, there are still reasons to be moderately bullish for the next couple of months and using a “long condor with call options” strategy might yield a positive outcome.

Options strategies allows the investor to set upside limits

Options markets provide more flexibility to develop custom strategies and there are two instruments available. The call option gives the buyer upside price protection, and the protective put option does the opposite. Traders can also sell the derivatives to create unlimited negative exposure, similar to a futures contract.

Ether options strategy returns. Source: Deribit Position Builder

This long condor strategy has been set for the March 25 expiry and uses a slightly bullish range. The same structure can also be applied for bearish expectations, but this scenario assumes that most traders are looking for upside.

Ether was trading at $2,677 when the pricing took place, but a similar result can be achieved starting from any price level.

The first trade requires buying 5.14 ETH worth of $3,000 call options to create a positive exposure above this price level. Then, to limit gains above $3,500 the trader needs to sell 4.4 ETH contracts of the $3,500 call.

To complete the strategy, the trader needs to sell 6.65 ETH contracts of the $4,000 call, limiting the gains above such a price level. Lastly, a $4,500 upside protection call for 5.91 ETH is needed to limit the losses if Ether unexpectedly skyrockets.

The strategy aims for a healthy 3.2 to 1 profit to loss ratio

The strategy might sound complicated to execute, but the margin required is only 0.175 ETH, which is also the max loss. The potential net profit happens if Ether trades between $3,100 (up 15%) and $4,370 (up 63%).

Traders should remember that it is also possible to close the position ahead of the March 25 expiry. In this strategy, the maximum gain occurs between $3,500 and $4,000 at 0.56 Ether, which is more than three times higher than the potential loss.

Unlike futures trading, this strategy gives the holder peace of mind because there is no liquidation risk. It is also worth noting that most derivatives exchanges accept orders as low as 0.10 ETH contracts, meaning a trader could build the same strategy using a smaller amount.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision.

VanEck Doubles Down on Big Bitcoin Price Target, Says Key Indicators Continue To ‘Signal Green’

Bitcoin bulls may ignore Friday’s $730M options expiry by saving their energy for $40K

Bitcoin price is no longer in reach of $40,000, but data shows bulls are willing to take a few short-term losses in order to strengthen their next run at the key resistance level.

The past few months have been less than pleasant for Bitcoin (BTC) bulls, but they are not alone. Persistent comments from the United States Federal Reserve hint at plans to raise interest rates in 2022 and thi is causing investors to seek protection in inflation-protected bonds.

The monetary authority signaled its intention to substantially raise the benchmark interest rate and they will also gradually reduce the monthly purchase of debt assets.

Even though some crypto investors deem Bitcoin digital scarcity as inflationary protection, that does not change its volatility. In turn, it causes the asset price to move in tandem with risk markets.

Bitcoin price at Coinbase, USD (right) vs. Russell 2000 index (left)

The above chart shows Bitcoin price in blue stacked against the smaller U.S. listed companies, as measured by the Russell 2000 equity markets index. Unlike the S&P 500 or Dow Jones Industrial Index, this benchmark excludes those tech giants. Thus, the smaller companies are usually considered riskier and are more impacted when investors fear an economic downturn.

However, the negative performance did not scare investors as the Canada-based Purpose Bitcoin ETF attracted over $38 million worth of Bitcoin this Tuesday, its third-largest daily inflow to date. The fund now holds 31,032 BTC, equivalent to $1.2 billion.

Regardless of investors' sentiment, Bitcoin bulls could face a $120 million loss if BTC price moves below $36,000 on Friday's options expiry.

$730 million in options expire on Feb. 4

According to Friday's options expiry open interest, Bitcoin bulls placed heavy bets between $40,000 and $44,000. These levels might seem optimistic right now, but Bitcoin was trading above $42,000 two weeks ago.

Bitcoin options aggregate open interest for Feb. 4. Source: Coinglass.com

At first sight, the $430 million call (buy) options dominate the $300 million put (sell) instruments, but the 1.43 call-to-put ratio does not really tell the whole story. For example, the 14% price drop over the past two weeks wiped out most bullish bets.

A call option gives the buyer a right to buy BTC at a fixed price at 8:00 am UTC on Feb. 4. However, if the market is trading below that price, there is no value in holding that derivative contract, so its value goes to zero.

Therefore, if Bitcoin remains below $37,000 at 8:00 am UTC on Feb. 4, only $34 million of those call (buy) options will be available at the expiry.

Bears will fight to keep Bitcoin below $37,000

Here are the three most likely scenarios for Friday's options expiry. The imbalance favoring each side represents the theoretical profit. In other words, depending on the expiry price, the active quantity of call (buy) and put (sell) contracts varies:

  • Between $35,000 and $37,000: 950 calls vs. 4,210 puts. The net result is $120 million favoring the put (bear) instruments.
  • Between $37,000 and $38,000: 1,650 calls vs. 3,300 puts. The net result favors bear instruments by $60 million.
  • Between $38,000 and $39,000: 4,230 calls vs. 1,710 puts. The net result is balanced between call and put options.

This crude estimate considers call options used in bullish bets and put options exclusively in neutral-to-bearish trades. However, this oversimplification disregards more complex investment strategies.

Bulls need $38,000 to balance the scales

A mere 3% price pump from the current $36,900 level is enough for Bitcoin bulls to avoid a $120 million loss on the Feb. 4 options expiry. Still, the same rationale applies to Bitcoin bears because pinning BTC below $37,000 can easily cause them to secure a $120 million profit.

Considering the short-term negative sentiment caused by tighter macroeconomic conditions, Bitcoin bulls should pace their energy for a sustainable recovery to $40,000 and higher instead of wasting efforts right now. Therefore, options markets data slightly favor the put (sell) options.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision.

VanEck Doubles Down on Big Bitcoin Price Target, Says Key Indicators Continue To ‘Signal Green’

Bitcoin price closes in on $40K, but pro traders are still skeptical

Traders expect BTC to flip $40,000 back to support soon, but derivatives metrics signal that a different outcome could occur.

The Bitcoin (BTC) daily price chart seems to be making a steady recovery pattern, but some concerning indicators are coming from derivatives markets. At the moment, the futures and options markets are showing a lack of confidence from Bitcoin pro traders, but there's a positive spin to the data.

Bitcoin price at Coinbase, USD. Source: TradingView

The road to $40,000 seems uncomfortably predictable, and cryptocurrency traders usually call it "manipulation" when such price movements happen.

Regardless of the rationale behind Bitcoin's price recovery, investors should analyze derivatives markets to understand how whales, market makers and arbitrage desks are positioned.

While retail traders' favorite instrument is the perpetual contract (inverse swaps), pro traders often opt for fixed-calendar futures and options. Although they are more complicated to trade, these derivatives offer more complex strategies.

Liquidations are behind us, but so is the route to $69,000

Data shows that there hasn't been a relevant futures contract liquidation since Jan. 23. When leverage long (buyers) have their positions terminated, it accelerates the price correction, because derivatives exchanges need to sell those futures at market prices.

Total crypto futures liquidations, USD. Source: Coinglass

Notice how the last “big” forced position termination on longs was $290 million on Jan. 23. This partially explains why Bitcoin’s recovery was relatively tranquil over the past week. Still, the market is nowhere near being out of the water, considering that BTC is currently trading 44% below the $69,000 all-time high.

Bitcoin 3-month futures annualized premium. Source: Laevitas.ch

The Bitcoin futures annualized premium should run between 5% to 12% to compensate traders for "locking in" the money for 2 to 3 months until the contract expiry. Levels below 5% are extremely bearish, while the numbers above 12% indicate bullishness.

The above chart shows that this metric dipped below 5% on Jan. 21 and hasn't yet shown signs of confidence from pro traders.

So the big question is: Is the glass half full? For example, if Bitcoin breaks the $42,000 resistance, some traders will likely be caught off guard, so there's additional buying activity because no one wants to be left behind.

Bitcoin futures markets are neutral, but options traders are skeptical

Currently, it’s a bit difficult to discern a direction in the market, but the 25% delta skew is a telling sign whenever arbitrage desks and market makers overcharge for upside or downside protection.

If traders fear a Bitcoin price crash, the skew indicator will move above 10%. On the other hand, generalized excitement reflects a negative 10% skew.

Bitcoin 30-day options 25% delta skew: Source: Laevitas.ch

As displayed above, we've been near 10% for almost a week despite the 18% BTC price recovery since the $33,000 bottom. The options skew data shows that pro traders are still pricing higher odds for a market crash.

Despite the not-so-positive indicator from Bitcoin options, these arbitrage desks and market makers will be forced to reverse bearish positions once the price breaks $42,000. However, considering that the futures premium did not show signs of desperation even as the market crashed 52% from the all-time high, the data provides a constructive view.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision.

VanEck Doubles Down on Big Bitcoin Price Target, Says Key Indicators Continue To ‘Signal Green’

TVL, network outages, or derivatives: What’s behind Solana’s (SOL) 60%+ drop?

SOL price is more than 60% away from its all-time high and data shows that it's not the network outages but the loss of territory to competing chains driving the correction.

The past couple of months have not been kind to cryptocurrencies. The sector's aggregate market capitalization plunged 50% from a Nov. 10 peak at $2.87 trillion to the current $1.44 trillion. Solana's (SOL) downfall has been even more brutal, presently trading at $88 after a 66% correction since its $260 all-time-high.

Pinning the underperformance exclusively to the recent network outages seems too simplistic, and it doesn't explain why the accelerated decoupling over the past week, so let's take a look at what might be going on.

Solana/USDT at FTX (blue) vs. Total crypto capitalization (orange). Source: TradingView

The Solana network suffered four incidents in the span of a few months. According to the project's developers, a sudden spike in the number of computing transactions caused network congestion which crippled the network.

Interestingly, the network struggles with congestion since the developers advertise a 50,000 transaction per second (TPS) capacity. The latest incident on Jan. 7 has been attributed to a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack, but data shows us that network attacks are less relevant than dApps use.

Cyber Capital chief investment officer Justin Bons criticized the network's security, mentioning that DDoS can be used to "temporarily gain proportional-staked control over the network by attacking other stakeholders."

Sergey Zhdanov, chief operating officer of crypto exchange EXMO UK, also said DDoS attacks and similar outages "don't really influence the trust of the network" and should be disregarded. Zhdanov makes a point comparing Ethereum network fees surpassing $50 as a similar hiccup, but not significant enough to cause investors to abandon it for good.

Solana's main decentralized application metric started to display weakness earlier in November after the network's total value locked (TVL), which measures the amount deposited in its smart contracts, began to linger at $15 billion.

Solana network Total Value Locked, USD. Source: DefiLlama

Notice how Solana's dApp deposits saw a 44% decrease in 3 months, as the indicator reached its lowest level since Sept. 8. As a comparison, Fantom's TVL currently stands at $9.5 billion, a 79% increase in 3 months. Another dApp scaling solution competitor, Terra, saw a 60% TVL hike to $16 billion.

Not even the $10 million raised by Solana's decentralized finance (DeFi) application Hubble Protocol in early January was enough to recover investors' confidence. Crypto heavyweights like Three Arrows, Digital Currency Group, Delphi Digital and Crypto.com Capital backed the launch of the crypto-backed stablecoin and zero-interest borrowing platform.

TVL and the number of active addresses dropped

Total value locked is no longer the primary metric that reflects strong fundamentals, meaning a 66% price correction has other factors at play than just a reduced TVL. To confirm whether dApps use has effectively decreased, investors should also analyze the number of active addresses within the ecosystem.

Solana dApps 30-day on-chain data. Source: DappRadar

As shown by DappRadar data on Jan. 28, the number of Solana network addresses interacting with most decentralized applications dropped by 18% to 32%, except for the non-fungible token (NFT) marketplace Magic Eden.

The lesser interest on Solana dApps was also reflected in its futures open interest, which peaked at $2 billion on Nov. 6, but recently faced a steep correction.

Solana futures aggregate open interest. Source: Coinglass

The above chart shows how derivatives traders' interest in Solana plunged 75% in less than 3 months. That is especially concerning because a smaller number of futures contracts might reduce the activity of arbitrage desks and market makers. For example, it is common for participants to self-limit their exposure to 20% of the asset volume or open interest.

Derivatives data could be a consequence, but not the cause

It's probably impossible to pinpoint the correlation and causation between SOL's price drop, the decrease in the network's dApps use, and the fading interest from derivatives traders. However, none of those indicators point to a price recovery anytime soon.

The data above suggests that Solana holders should be less concerned about momentary outages and focus on the ecosystem's use versus competing chains. As long as the ecosystem remains healthy, investors have no reason to lose trust due to temporary network outages.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision.

VanEck Doubles Down on Big Bitcoin Price Target, Says Key Indicators Continue To ‘Signal Green’

Bears target new lows for Ethereum as Friday’s $1.1B options expiry approaches

ETH bulls will need to keep searching for positive news, especially as bears apply extra pressure ahead of Friday’s $1.1 billion monthly options expiry.

Ether (ETH) price tumbled below the $3,000 support on Jan. 21 as regulatory uncertainty continues to weigh down the sector and rumors that the United States Securities and Exchange Commission is reviewing DeFi’s high-yield crypto lending products continue to circulate. 

On Jan. 27, the Russian Finance Ministry submitted a crypto regulatory framework for review. The proposal suggests that crypto operations are carried out within the traditional banking infrastructure and that mechanisms to identify traders’ personal data are included.

Further bearish news came as Ryan Korner, a top special agent from the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Criminal Investigation’s Los Angeles field office, issued negative remarks during a virtual event hosted by the USC Gould School of Law. According to Ryan, crypto is the “future,” but ”fraud and manipulation are still rampant in the space.”

Ether bulls are trying to determine whether the Jan. 24 drop to $2,140 was the final bottom for the current downtrend. This 47.5% correction in 30 days caused an aggregate of $1.58 billion in long futures contracts to be liquidated.

Ether/USD price at FTX. Source: TradingView

Notice how Ether’s price has been downtrending for 75 days, respecting a channel that currently holds $2,200 as a support level. On the other hand, a 19% price increase from the current $2,500 to the $3,000 resistance would not necessarily mean a trend reversal.

Curiously, call (buy) option instruments vastly dominate Friday’s $1.1 billion expiry, but bears are better positioned after Ether price stabilized below $3,000.

Ether options aggregate open interest for Jan. 28 expiry. Source: CoinGlass

A broader view using the call-to-put ratio shows an 82% advantage to Ether bulls because the $680 million call (buy) instruments have a larger open interest versus the $410 million put (sell) options. However, the 1.82 call-to-put indicator is deceptive because the price drop below $3,000 caused most bullish bets to become worthless.

For example, if Ether’s price remains below $2,500 at 8:00 am UTC on Jan. 28, only $57 million worth of those call (buy) options will be available. That effect happens because there is no value in the right to buy Ether at $2,500 if it is trading below this level.

Data suggests bulls are set for a significative loss

Below are the three most likely scenarios based on the current price action. The number of options contracts available on Friday for bulls (call) and bear (put) instruments vary depending on the expiry price. The imbalance favoring each side constitutes the theoretical profit:

  • Between $2,200 and $2,400: 3,200 calls vs. 121,500 puts. The net result is $270 million favoring the put (bear) instruments.
  • Between $2,400 and $2,700: 19,500 calls vs. 95,500 puts. The net result favors bears by $190 million.
  • Between $2,700 and $2,900: 34,700 calls vs. 73,400 puts. The net result favors the put (bear) options by $110 million.

This crude estimate considers the call options used in bullish bets and the put options exclusively in neutral-to-bearish trades. Even so, this oversimplification disregards more complex investment strategies.

For instance, a trader could have sold a call option, effectively gaining a negative exposure to Ether above a specific price. But unfortunately, there’s no easy way to estimate this effect.

Bears will try to hold ETH below $2,400

Ether bears need a gentle push below $2,400 to score a $270 million profit on Friday. On the other hand, bulls would need an 8.4% price recovery from the current $2,500 to reduce their loss by 58%.

Considering the bearish regulatory newsflow, Ether bulls are unlikely willing to add more risk right now. Therefore, bulls should concentrate their efforts to partially salvage this defeat by keeping Ether price above $2,500, resulting in a $170 million loss.

January seems to have given Ether bears the upper hand in keeping the pressure on the price in the short term.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision.

VanEck Doubles Down on Big Bitcoin Price Target, Says Key Indicators Continue To ‘Signal Green’