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Australia open to idea of CBDC as future of money — RBA

The assistant governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia noted that pilot projects have highlighted several key areas where CBDCs could be of great use.

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is open to using a central bank digital currency (CBDC) as the future of money, where state-issued digital money would represent a tokenized form of central bank reserves.

Brad Jones, the assistant governor (Financial System) of RBA, in his speech titled “A Tokenised Future for the Australian Financial System,” talked about the opportunities and challenges arising from the tokenization of assets and money in the digital age while shedding light on the proposed plan to use CBDCs as a form of money.

Jones started his speech by outlining the use of different forms of money over the course of history and how financial instruments have evolved over time. While talking about tokenization and tokenized forms of money in the modern era, Jones talked about stablecoins and CBDCs.

He noted that stablecoins issued by “well-regulated financial institutions and that are backed by high-quality assets (i.e. government securities and central bank reserves) could be widely used to settle tokenised transactions, however, due to lack regulatory guidelines these stablecoins issued by private parties often come with underpinning risk. Thus, CBDCs in the form of tokenized bank deposits could become a good form of transaction settlement.

The assistant governor noted that the introduction of tokenized bank deposits would represent a minor change to current practice given that deposits issued by a variety of banks are already widely exchanged and settled (at par) across the central bank balance sheet. A payment between two parties using tokenized deposits would still be settled via a transfer of ES (or wholesale CBDC) balances between the payer and payee bank.

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RBA’s assistant governor also shared some of the findings from its pilot CBDC program including a range of areas where CBDC could add value in wholesale payments such as facilitating atomic settlement in tokenized asset markets. The pilot project also highlighted opportunities for a wholesale CBDC to act as a complement to new forms of privately issued digital money, namely tokenised bank deposits and asset-backed stablecoins.

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Banking is ‘slowly dying’ — Former TradFi execs on reasons for joining crypto

Cointelegraph spoke to former senior executives in traditional finance who've made the move to crypto. Would they ever go back?

Despite plenty of regulatory action in the United States and an ongoing crypto winter, former TradFi executives, now in crypto, said there’s no desire to return to their old banking lives.

Instead, several former traditional bankers told Cointelegraph they remain bullish about the industry's future and love the fact they can actualize real innovation.

Lisa Wade, CEO of DigitalX, is one such executive, having pivoted to crypto in December 2021. She was once the head of innovation and sustainability at National Australia Bank (NAB), one of Australia’s Big Four banks.

Wade told Cointelegraph that the crypto industry provides her with greater freedom to take innovative risks compared to the banking sector.

“It is becoming very obvious Web3 financial rails are the future — it is hard to innovate internally so those of us with a fire in our bellies are jumping ship.”

Wade holds the belief that crypto will witness widespread adoption in the coming years, stating that “like ESG, this will be mainstream in 10 years or sooner.”

She added that she moved over to the crypto industry to “build something great […] in a way that a bank couldn’t.”

Similarly, Guy Dickinson, the CEO of carbon trading platform BetaCarbon, moved away from a lucrative executive banking role in 2022 as the former treasurer of HSBC Australia.

“I moved into the Web3 space as the carbon credit and environmental markets space was not easily accessible and Web3 provided access to the market,” he said.

For Dickinson, the motivation behind the move wasn’t driven by money, but rather by a quest for personal fulfillment.

“It is not more lucrative; it is however far more satisfying,” he said, adding that jobs in traditional finance are not as safe as they once were:

“The banking industry is slowly dying. Constant layoffs and technological efficiencies render many professional service roles at risk. A senior banking official always has a target on his back in the current landscape.”

Simon Dixon, CEO of investment platform BnkToTheFuture, told Cointelegraph he actually attempted to create a traditional bank in 2011 before building a “regulated crypto securities business.”

Dixon said when he did his research into creating a traditional bank, he found out it was actually a massive risk:

“When we applied for a license, the regulators told us we had to store our funds in another fractional reserve bank and that it’s only profitable if we leverage client funds like all banks.”

Later that year, Dixon discovered Bitcoin (BTC) and took an interest in the fact that “funds are owned in self-custody, spent peer to peer and backed by full reserve math and code.”

Related: Investors want crypto, but not without TradFi backing: Nomura survey

TradFi executives have been making their way over to crypto for years now.

According to a Fortune report published in July 2022, two JPMorgan executives, Eric Wragge and Puja Samuel, resigned to pursue a career in the crypto industry.

Wragge, previously a managing director at JPMorgan, made the decision to join Algorand (ALGO) as its head of business development and capital markets.

Samuel, who served as head of ideation and digitalization at JPMorgan, took on the position as head of corporate development at Digital Currency Group.

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Australian Banking Association’s cost of living inquiry reveals bank pressure

An analysis of the rising inflation and concurrent collapse of Silicon Valley Bank proved that more than 186 banks in the U.S. are at risk of a similar shutdown if depositors decide to withdraw all funds.

The trade association for the Australian banking industry — Australian Banking Association (ABA) — launched a cost of living inquiry to closely study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, global supply chain constraints and geopolitical tensions, among others, on Australians.

An analysis of the rising inflation and concurrent collapse of three major traditional banks — Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), Silvergate Bank and Signature Bank — recently proved that more than 186 banks in the US are at risk of a similar shutdown if depositors decide to withdraw all funds. ABA’s inquiry aims to identify ways to ease the cost of living in Australia and the Government’s fiscal policy response.

Consumer price index, percentage change from corresponding quarter in previous year, December 2012 – December 2022. Source: ausbanking.org.au

ABA acknowledged that many Australians would struggle to adjust to a higher cost of living, while it may be easier for some, adding that:

“The ABA notes most customers will manage the higher cost of living and their mortgage commitments by changing their spending patterns, applying their accumulated savings to their higher repayments in anticipation of higher borrowing rates, or refinancing their mortgage.”

One of the biggest pressures for banks was when citizens rolled over from a fixed-rate mortgage to a variable rate. However, ABA urged customers to be proactive and ensure they are getting the best deal for their banking services.

Household savings ratio, December 2014 – December 2022. Source: ausbanking.org.au

Property rent across Australia has also witnessed a steady increase as markets normalized following the end of COVID-19 restrictions. Citizens experiencing financial difficulty can contact their banks and get help, including fees and charges waivers, emergency credit limit increases and deferral of scheduled loan repayments, to name a few.

Related: National Australia Bank makes first-ever cross-border stablecoin transaction

Alongside this attempt to cushion Australians against rising fiat inflation, the Reserve Bank of Australia and Treasury have been holding private meetings with executives from Coinbase, with discussions revolving around the future of crypto regulation in Australia.

Cointelegraph confirmed from an RBA spokesperson that Coinbase met with the RBA’s Payments Policy and Financial Stability departments in mid-March “as part of the Bank’s ongoing liaison with industry.”

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National Australia Bank made first-ever cross-border stablecoin transaction

The “big four” Australian bank is the second to issue a stablecoin and hopes to support transactions by corporate clients by the end of the year.

National Australia Bank (NAB) announced March 14 that it had executed the first-ever cross-border stablecoin transfer on a layer 1 public blockchain. The intrabank transfer used the bank’s fully backed AUDN stablecoin tied to the Australian dollar (AUD). 

The transaction was conducted on the Ethereum blockchain and used smart contracts for seven currencies, according to a statement released by the bank. Those currencies were Australian, New Zealand, Singapore and United States dollars, as well as euros, Japanese yen and British pounds, according to a statement released by Fireblocks.

The stablecoins were freshly minted as bank liabilities on the ERC-20 standard. NAB partnered with the Fireblocks platform and BlockFold professional services consultants on the project. NAB executive general manager for markets Drew Bradford commented:

“We believe that elements of the future of finance will be blockchain enabled and we’re already witnessing rapid change in the tokenisation market. The stringent governance frameworks we have in place ensures we can support the creation of a safe and reliable digital financial system.”

The pilot showed the technology’s potential to cut transaction times from days to minutes and was part of NAB’s focus on simplifying international banking protocols, the bank said. It added that it expected to support corporate and institutional clients transacting in digital assets by the end of the year.

NAB is the second major Australian bank to issue an Australian dollar-backed stablecoin. Its AUDN coin was designed with an eye to cross-border transfer and carbon credit trading, according to an announcement made in January. In February, NAB was listed as one of nine founding banks making up the international Carbonplace blockchain carbon credit transaction network.

Related: Digital assets could add $40B a year to Aussie GDP: Tech Council report

NAB competitor Australia and New Zealand Banking Group issued the first AUD-linked stablecoin, A$DC, in March 2022.

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The Reserve Bank of Australia to explore use cases for CBDC

The pilot project will last a year, and the details for potential participants will be published in the next few months.

The Reserve Bank of Australia weighs in the central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) race to explore use cases for a CBDC in the country. It will collaborate with the Digital Finance Cooperative Research Centre (DFCRC) on a respective research project. 

As stated in an announcement from Aug. 9, the joint project of the Reserve Bank and DFCRC will focus on “innovative use cases and business models” that could be supported by the issuance of a CBDC. The technological, legal and regulatory considerations will also be assessed in the project’s course.

The pilot will last about a year and take the form of the CBDC operating in a ring-fenced environment. Industry stakeholders will be invited to develop specific use cases, which The Bank and the DFCRC will then evaluate. The selected cases will participate in the pilot, resulting in a special report.

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The Reserve Bank intends to publish the paper with further details on the project in the next few months. As Michele Bullock, the deputy governor of the Reserve Bank, stated: 

“This project is an important next step in our research on CBDC. We are looking forward to engaging with a wide range of industry participants to better understand the potential benefits a CBDC could bring to Australia.”

The DFCRC is a $180 million research program funded by industry partners, universities and the Australian Government, which aims to bring together stakeholders in the finance industry, academia and regulatory sectors to develop the opportunities arising from the next transformation of financial markets. 

On Aug. 5, the Bank of Thailand announced the two-year pilot of retail CBDC testing, which should start by the end of 2022.

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