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Solana suffers 7th outage in 2022 as bots invade the network

NFT minting bots on Solana contributed over 4 million transactions per second, knocking validators out of consensus and crashing the network for around seven hours.

The Solana (SOL) network suffered a seven-hour outage overnight between April 30 and May 1 due to a large number of transactions from nonfungible token (NFT) minting bots.

A record-breaking 4 million transactions, or 100 gigabits of data per second, congested the network causing validators to be knocked out of consensus resulting in Solana going dark at roughly 8 PM UTC on April 30.

It wasn’t until seven hours later on May 1, 3 AM UTC that validators were able to successfully restart the main network.

The bots hoarded a popular application used by Solana NFT projects to launch collections called Candy Machine. In a Twitter post by Metaplex, the company confirmed that traffic from bots on their app was partially to blame for the network crash.

Metaplex shared it would be implementing a 0.01 SOL or $0.89 charge on wallets that attempt to complete an invalid transaction which the firm said: “is typically done by bots that are blindly trying to mint.”

The outage caused the price of SOL, the blockchain's native coin, to crash by nearly 7% to $84, although trading since has seen prices recover to just over $89.

The most recent outage marks the 7th time this year that Solana has suffered outages according to its own status reporting. Between January 6 and January 12 in 2022 the network was plagued with issues causing partial outages for between 8 and 18 hours.

Solana said “high compute transactions” caused a reduction in network capacity to “several thousand” transactions per second (TPS), much lower than the advertised 50,000 TPS.

Later in January, over 29 hours of downtime was recorded between the 21st and 22nd of the month, with excessive duplicate transactions again causing network congestion and outages on the blockchain.

Related: Scalability or stability? Solana network outages show work still needed

In September 2021, Solana was hit with a major outage with the network offline for over 17 hours. Solana attributed that outage to a distributed denial-of-service (DDOS) attack on an initial DEX offering with bots spamming the network with 400,000 per second. Industry observers commented on what has been often touted as an "Ethereum killer." 

Solana was the second network to strain under notable transaction volume related to NFTs over the weekend. The Ethereum (ETH) transaction cost surged to an average of over $450 due to a release of 55,000 NFTs by Yuga Labs with some users paying up to 5 ETH or $14000 in gas fees for transactions and much more to mint one of the NFTs.

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OpenSea reverses limits on minting after community backlash

OpenSea's critics said the policy change stifled NFT creators by trashing the ability to create unlimited collections and NFTs on the platform.

NFT marketplace OpenSea has backflipped on a controversial decision to limit the number of NFTs and collections creators can mint using its smart contract.

The platform previously allowed unlimited collections and items, but changed its policy to only allow five NFT collections with 50 items per collection when using OpenSea’s collection storefront contract.

The unexpected announcement from OpenSea’s Twitter Support account, posted on Jan. 27, stated the lower limits came after it had "addressed feedback received about its creator tools." .

A follow-up tweet asked the community to “share how this affects your creative flow.”

NFT creators hit back, some arguing that their unfinished collections would now never be completed due to the change, with others noting that they were part-way through creating collections numbering in the hundreds to thousands.

One creator, who goes by “HamsterNFT” on Twitter, shared a screenshot showing how they couldn’t upload any more of their NFTs, stating their frustration that they’re now stuck at 96 pieces out of the 100 piece collection.

Creators could still deploy their own smart contract to circumvent the limits imposed by OpenSea, but with smart contract deployment costing between US$1,000 and US$2,000 in gas fees, some stated they will move their collections to competing marketplaces.

OpenSea reversed the decision today, tweeting their apologies for not previewing the decision with its community. It stated the reason for the limits was that its smart contract was being misused, and that “over 80% of the items created with this tool were plagiarized works, fake collections, and spam.” OpenSea added that it's “working through a number of solutions to ensure we support our creators while deterring bad actors.”

In a separate controversy, an email was sent to OpenSea users who still had “inactive listings” on their accounts, asking them to cancel any old listings due to a recently found exploit that allows attackers to buy NFTs for old listing prices.

Related: More evidence game devs hate NFTs and crypto

Prominent crypto influencer “dingalingts” in a thread, warned his 75,000+ followers, that following the advice in OpenSea’s email would lead to easier execution of the exploit, labeling the advice from OpenSea “incredibly irresponsible” and “makes things 100x worse”.

Dingalingts argues that following OpenSea’s advice allows exploiters to view the cancellation order for previously listed prices on the blockchain, attackers can then pay higher gas fees to have their order executed before the cancellation in a practice known as “front-running”, thus buying the NFT for a cheaper price.

To prevent this, dingalingts advises to “transfer all the NFTs with "inactive Opensea listings" OUT of your address first before canceling the live listings in your original address.”

“Only after all the listings are canceled are you safe to transfer it back,” they said.

However OpenSea claims to have addressed these issues by changing the default listing duration from six months to one month, building a dashboard to show users their listings, and alerting them when an NFT transferred from their wallet has an associated active listing.

The changes were made so users could more easily view and be alerted to listings associated with their NFTs, in an attempt to limit the number of listings that remain active long after they’re relevant.

Cointelegraph approached OpenSea for comment.

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