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How generative AI allows one architect to reimagine ancient cities

Cointelegraph spoke with architect and designer Tina Marinaki about her work using generative AI and text-to-image prompts to reimagine the ancient Athenian cityscape.

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has presented modern society with new means for understanding and visualizing the world.

Meta, the parent company of social media platforms Facebook and Instagram, recently introduced new AI video and image-generating tools for creators, while OpenAI updated the premium version of its popular AI model ChatGPT to include powerful text-to-image generating capabilities. 

As the pace of AI development continues to accelerate rapidly, many artists are faced with the challenge of embracing the new tools as a part of their workflow while still managing to keep their unique vision. 

One such artist is the New York-based Greek architect Tina Marinaki, who has incorporated AI tools into her creative work and, in the process, created an online community of nearly 20,000 users on Instagram through “Athens Surreal,” which follows her reimagination of the ancient Athenian cityscape.

Cointelegraph spoke with Marinaki about incorporating AI into her work and how she reenvisions her home city using emerging technology.

She explained that the concept of Athens Surreal stemmed from the desire to understand “the way the different AI tools work” while testing ideas for a “different, sometimes romantic, sometimes utopian, futuristic Athens.”

Technical difficulties 

According to Marinaki, one of the primary difficulties working with text-to-image AI systems is “translating” an image description to communicate a vision with the AI systems.

“Other challenges are found in algorithmic ethnicity, gender or other biases when algorithms are trained using biased data.”

For example, she reported that a greater number of men can appear in AI-generated images even when a user’s parameters have no mention of gender, and in some cases, AI can create “racist or stereotypical images.”

Despite its biases in text-to-image generation, these weaknesses can lead to strengths if trained correctly.

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Elon Musk says “digital god” will make AI copyright lawsuits irrelevant

The billionaire mogul also claimed that OpenAI was lying about its training methods, but interviewer Andrew Ross Sorkin may have flubbed the question.

Elon Musk made some of his boldest claims yet concerning the future of artificial intelligence (AI) during an interview with CNBC’s Andrew Ross Sorkin.

During a wide-ranging interview, Musk responded to questions concerning recent lawsuits levied against some of the billionaire’s competitors in the AI space related to alleged copyright infringement.

Related: Elon Musk launches AI chatbot ‘Grok,’ says it can outperform ChatGPT

“So, you think it’s a lie,” Sorkin asked Musk during the interview, “when OpenAI says that… none of these guys say that they’re training on copyrighted data.”

Musk’s response, “Yeah, that’s a lie.”

Elon Musk’s digital god

It’s unclear what Sorkin meant by his query, as OpenAI has testified in court to the effect that it does train models on copyrighted material.

Under further prodding from Sorkin, Musk dismissed the efficacy of the lawsuits by claiming that a “digital god” would make the copyright lawsuits irrelevant:

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Evidence mounts as new artists jump on Stability AI, MidJourney copyright lawsuit

The battle continues as artists amend a lawsuit previously struck down by court authorities against major AI companies who have allegedly violated creative copyright laws.

A copyright lawsuit filed against multiple companies developing artificial intelligence (AI) tools has been amended as artists and their legal teams alleged the misuse of their creative works. 

On Nov.

The new artists include H.

According to the amended class action case Stability AI, Midjourney and DeviantArt, along with a new defendant, Runway AI, have produced systems that create art in the style of the artists when the artists' names are used as prompts fed to the AI.

The plaintiffs claim that, as a result, users have generated art that is “indistinguishable” from their own.

"AI image products are primarily valued as copyright-laundering devices, promising customers the benefits of art without the costs of artists."

Related: Artists face a choice with AI: Adapt or become obsolete

In addition, the artists allege that Midjourney - one of the most popular generative AI tools for creating art with roughly 16.4 million users, according to its website - has violated rights that fall under federal trademark laws in the United States.

The claims point to MidJourney's website promoting a list of over 4,700 artists’ names, which includes some of the plaintiffs’, to use as generative prompts.

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ChatGPT’s first year marked by existential fear, lawsuits and boardroom drama

Cointelegraph reflects on the artificial intelligence pause that never happened, a lawsuit that could change the entire AI industry, and the Sam Altman firing and rehiring drama.

OpenAI’s ChatGPT is, by the numbers, the most popular artificial intelligence (AI) tool in the world. It was launched a year ago, on Nov. 30, 2022, and catapulted to 100 million monthly users within its first three months.

On its one-year anniversary, ChatGPT now boasts 100 million weekly users, and according to Google Trends data, it is currently at the height of its global popularity.

In just 12 months, ChatGPT’s existence has contributed to narratives surrounding the extinction of humankind, accusations that OpenAI built it by allegedly committing mass-scale copyright infringement, and a tumultuous CEO firing and rehiring that pundits are still trying to understand.

ChatGPT’s existential threat to humanity

In March 2023, thousands of researchers, CEOs, academics and pundits involved in the field of AI signed an open letter calling on AI developers around the world to pause the development of any AI systems that are more powerful than GPT-4 for at least six months, sharing concerns that “human-competitive intelligence can pose profound risks to society and humanity,” among other things.

While the efficacy and viability of a global, self-imposed pause on AI development is still being debated, the letter had almost no discernable impact on the industry. OpenAI and its competitors, such as Anthropic, Google and Elon Musk — one of the signatories advocating for the pause — continued to develop their respective AI endeavors throughout 2023.

In the case of Musk, his chatbot and self-professed ChatGPT competitor, Grok, was launched nearly six months to the day after the billionaire mogul signed the letter.

A lawsuit’s existential threat to ChatGPT

A class-action lawsuit involving a group of authors, including John Grisham and George R.R. Martin, got underway in September. The outcome of this particular case could, eventually, have an outsized impact on the entire field of AI.

The authors are suing OpenAI for alleged copyright infringement. They claim the company violated copyright by training ChatGPT on their works without crediting, licensing or permission. In doing so, argue the lawyers representing them, OpenAI jeopardized their livelihood. They seek damages of up to $150,000 for each piece of work where copyright is infringed.

Related: Amazon launches ‘Q’ — a ChatGPT competitor purpose-built for business

Why it matters: While the fines could potentially be substantial depending on how many individual books the plaintiffs allege were unlawfully used to train ChatGPT, the more important issue will be whether OpenAI and other companies can continue training on data scraped from the internet.

It’s likely beyond the scope of this case to determine the future of ChatGPT, but a ruling in favor of the plaintiffs could set a precedent that ultimately restricts a company’s ability to monetize publicly available data. This could, hypothetically, serve as a poison pill for large language models as, by and large, the scale of a model’s data set has so far been among the most determinant factors governing its capabilities.

Who’s the boss (at OpenAI)?

Meanwhile, OpenAI’s board appears to have committed 2023’s biggest unforced error in executive hiring and firings.

In the span of only four days, the company’s board of directors managed to fire CEO and cofounder Sam Altman, replace him with chief technology officer Mira Murati, replace Murati with former Twitch boss Emmett Shear, and then rehire Sam Altman to replace Shear amid a board shakeup.

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Sam Altman officially returns to OpenAI as Microsoft finally joins board

Sam Altman addressed his employees in a company memo on Nov. 29, marking his official return to the top leadership position at OpenAI.

Sam Altman, one of the founders of OpenAI, has officially returned to office as the firm’s CEO, ending a whirlwind few weeks caused by his abrupt and unexpected temporary departure. 

Addressing OpenAI employees in a company memo made public on Nov. 29, Altman confirmed that interim CEO Mira Murati will step down from her position and return to her previous role as chief technology officer.

Altman also revealed a new initial board, chaired by Salesforce CEO Bret Taylor, along with Larry Summers, who previously served as the United States Secretary of the Treasury, and Adam D’Angelo, the CEO of social question-and-answer website Quora. D’Angelo was on OpenAI’s board before the saga that unfolded in mid-November. Greg Brockman will also resume his role as OpenAI’s President.

"I have never been more excited about the future. I am extremely grateful for everyone’s hard work in an unclear and unprecedented situation, and I believe our resilience and spirit set us apart in the industry. I feel so, so good about our probability of success for achieving our mission," said Altman to employees.

Microsoft gets non-voting seat on OpenAI board

Altman revealed that Microsoft will also be included as a non-voting observer on the new board. 

"We clearly made the right choice to partner with Microsoft and I’m excited that our new board will include them as a non-voting observer," he said. 

A board observer is an individual who is permitted to attend and participate in meetings of the board of directors, but as implied, has no voting rights, acting more as an advisor. 

Microsoft initially wasn't expected to be offered a seat by OpenAI, according to a Nov. 29 report by Reuters, which cited a person familiar with the matter.

This is despite Microsoft having invested $13 billion into OpenAI, the creators of ChatGPT, across several deals dating back to 2019.

Related: OpenAI halts new ChatGPT Plus sign-ups amid high demand

Looking ahead, Altman said he would be focused on advancing the firm’s research plan, improving its products, and better serving customers as the top three priorities for his (technically) second stint as CEO.

In the same official announcement, Taylor stressed OpenAI will "enhance the governance structure," and put together "an independent committee of the Board to oversee a review of the recent events," in effort to provide more stability to the firm. He hopes Microsoft's addition to the board will help steady the ship.

"From technology to safety to policy [...] we are pleased that this Board will include a non-voting observer for Microsoft," he said.

Magazine: AI Eye: Real uses for AI in crypto, Google’s GPT-4 rival, AI edge for bad employees

Crypto sentiment index drops to October levels as Bitcoin dips under $92K

US, Britain and other countries ink ‘secure by design’ AI guidelines

The guidelines suggest cybersecurity practices AI firms should implement when designing, developing, launching, and monitoring AI models.

The United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and 15 other countries have released global guidelines to help protect AI models from being tampered with, urging companies to make their models “secure by design.”

On Nov. 26, the 18 countries released a 20-page document outlining how AI firms should handle their cybersecurity when developing or using AI models, as they claimed “security can often be a secondary consideration” in the fast-paced industry.

The guidelines consisted of mostly general recommendations such as maintaining a tight leash on the AI model’s infrastructure, monitoring for any tampering with models before and after release, and training staff on cybersecurity risks.

Not mentioned were certain contentious issues in the AI space, including what possible controls there should be around the use of image-generating models and deep fakes or data collection methods and use in training models — an issue that’s seen multiple AI firms sued on copyright infringement claims.

“We are at an inflection point in the development of artificial intelligence, which may well be the most consequential technology of our time,” U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas said in a statement. “Cybersecurity is key to building AI systems that are safe, secure, and trustworthy.”

Related: EU tech coalition warns of over-regulating AI before EU AI Act finalization

The guidelines follow other government initiatives that weigh in on AI, including governments and AI firms meeting for an AI Safety Summit in London earlier this month to coordinate an agreement on AI development.

Meanwhile, the European Union is hashing out details of its AI Act that will oversee the space and U.S. President Joe Biden issued an executive order in October that set standards for AI safety and security — though both have seen pushback from the AI industry claiming they could stifle innovation.

Other co-signers to the new "secure by design" guidelines include Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, South Korea, and Singapore. AI firms, including OpenAI, Microsoft, Google, Anthropic and Scale AI, also contributed to developing the guidelines.

Magazine: AI Eye: Real uses for AI in crypto, Google’s GPT-4 rival, AI edge for bad employees

Crypto sentiment index drops to October levels as Bitcoin dips under $92K

OpenAI and Microsoft sued over alleged unauthorized use of authors’ work

Julian Sancton, an author and Hollywood reporter, accuses Microsoft of being aware of OpenAI’s indiscriminate internet crawling for copyrighted material.

OpenAI and Microsoft are facing a lawsuit alleging the improper use of nonfiction authors’ work to train AI models, including OpenAI’s ChatGPT service. Author and reporter Julian Sancton sued the companies on Nov. 21. 

According to Sancton’s complaint, OpenAI allegedly utilized tens of thousands of nonfiction books without authorization to train its extensive language models in responding to human text prompts. The author and Hollywood Reporter editor is leading a proposed class-action lawsuit filed in a New York federal court.

This legal action is among several initiated by copyright owners, such as authors John Grisham, George R.R. Martin and Jonathan Franzen, against OpenAI and other tech firms. The allegations involve the purported misuse of their work to train AI systems. The companies involved have refuted the claims.

Screenshot of the lawsuit. Source: CourtListener

Sancton’s lawsuit emphasizes Microsoft’s involvement in generating unlicensed copies of authors’ works for training data and the development of generative pre-trained transformer-based technology. Sancton also accuses Microsoft of being aware of OpenAI’s indiscriminate internet crawling for copyrighted material.

The lawsuit comes amid an unexpected move by Microsoft, which hired Sam Altman to head its new AI division after his removal from OpenAI. In a surprise turnaround, on Nov. 22, OpenAI announced a new agreement that would see Altman return as CEO. The company confirmed the deal in a post on its official X (formerly Twitter) account. 

Although OpenAI faces multiple copyright infringement suits, Microsoft has largely escaped scrutiny despite introducing a range of products integrated with ChatGPT.

Sancton’s legal action marks the first time an author has sued OpenAI while naming Microsoft as a defendant. With substantial investments in the AI startup, Microsoft has incorporated OpenAI’s systems into its product offerings.

Related: Microsoft, Salesforce, Nvidia swoop in to hire OpenAI employees as walkout threats increase

Sancton’s legal action claims OpenAI utilized nonfiction books, including his work Madhouse at the End of the Earth, to train its GPT large language models. The complaint alleges Microsoft’s substantial involvement in model development, holding the company accountable for copyright infringement. Sancton is seeking unspecified monetary damages and a court order to halt the alleged infringement.

Magazine: OpenAI’s Sam Altman ousted, BlackRock and Fidelity seek Ether ETF, and more: Hodler’s Digest, Nov. 12-18

Crypto sentiment index drops to October levels as Bitcoin dips under $92K

Microsoft, Salesforce, and Nvidia swoop in to hire OpenAI employees as walkout threats increase

OpenAI’s future remains uncertain as employees threaten a walkout over the firing of former CEO and co-founder Sam Altman.

OpenAI’s decision to fire CEO Sam Altman may have put the company’s future in jeopardy. 

Reportedly, a lion’s share of its employees have threatened to walkout unless the ousting is reversed. Complicating matters further, a number of executives from big tech orgnanizations have offered jobs to employees considering leaving.

Microsoft CTO Kevin Scott and Salesforce founder and CEO Marc Benioff have offered to match the compensation of any OpenAI employees looking to jump ship while team leaders at both Meta's FAIR and Nvidia have solicited resumes and offered to place former OpenAI employees in their divisions.

The outpouring of support comes on the heels of a rollercoaster 12 months for OpenAI. The firm released its seminal “ChatGPT” product in November of 2022 to worldwide acclaim. In the time since, the company’s valuation has catapulted to a reported $86 billion. However Altman’s surprise ousting on Nov. 17 has resulted in unprecedented turmoil for the firm.

As of Nov. 21, and the time of this article’s publication, a reported 700 of the company’s supposed 770 employees — including Ilya Sutskever, the sole remaining co-founder to occupy a position on the firm’s board of directors — have signed a letter signalling their intent to walk out if Altman isn’t reinstated.

Related: Microsoft and Nvidia stocks reach all-time highs amid OpenAI CEO shuffle

While the threat of an employee walkout isn’t unusual in the tech sector after a company overhaul, this particular scenario could have an outsized impact according to speculation from numerous boffins and pundits.

One unlikely scenario being bandied about involves the hypothetical wholesale hiring of all available OpenAI employees by a larger firm such as Microsoft. This would ostensibly create a hostile takeover scenario wherein OpenAI is acquired in all but name for pennies on the dollar.

However, there are multiple other scenarios to consider. Recent reports show that OpenAI’s board and newly-hired CEO Emmett Shear are engaged in “intense discussions” with employees and stakeholders.

If successful, OpenAI could retain its core development team and move forward with its new CEO. But Microsoft’s hiring of Sam Altman as the CEO of an as-yet-undisclosed new AI division within the company could complicate matters as he may no longer be incentivized to lead OpenAI.

It remains to be seen whether OpenAI employees will make good on their threat to walkout if the company chooses not to overturn its Nov. 17 decision or if Altman refuses to return.

Microsoft and OpenAI did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

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OpenAI seeks to diffuse internal tensions after Altman departure: Report

Executives at OpenAI have been trying to settle disputes with employees and are in “intense discussions” over how to move forward after the abrupt departure of former CEO Sam Altman.

OpenAI executives are trying to smooth out internal discord after the abrupt termination of former CEO and co-founder Sam Altman and others through “intense discussions,” according to a Bloomberg report. 

An internal memo from OpenAI vice president of global affairs Anna Makanju, as seen on Nov. 20 by Bloomberg, said top management is trying to unify the staff, currently in upheaval over recent events.

“We can assure you that our number one goal remains to reunify OpenAI and discussions are actively ongoing.”

Makanju said OpenAI is communicating with incoming CEO Emmett Shear — the former Twitch CEO who was announced as Altman’s replacement on Nov. 20 — the board of directors and Altman himself.

“But they are not prepared to give us a final response this evening,” she said. According to the report, Makanju noted that discussions would continue on Tuesday and tried to assure employees that “we have a plan that we are working toward.”

This comes as tensions have remained high after Altman’s departure, with threats from most of the staff that they would quit if the current board does not resign and reinstate Altman and co-founder Greg Brockman, who also departed after Altman was fired.

Related: Sam Altman’s OpenAI ouster sees rollercoaster Worldcoin price

One member of the board, Ilya Sutskever, took to X (formerly Twitter) and posted that he regrets being a part of the decision that led to the termination of Altman, to which Altman reposted with a “heart” emoji.

Despite everything that ensued, Altman has been active on social media, saying the team has been doing an “incredible job through this” and commenting that they are “all going to work together some way or other” with more “unity and commitment and focus than ever before.”

Meanwhile, only three days after the news of the termination, Altman and Brockman were snatched up by Microsoft, a majority stakeholder in OpenAI, to join its team. 

Satya Nadella, the CEO of Microsoft, said the two will join the company to lead a new “advanced AI research team” and said the company remains committed to its partnership with OpenAI.

After Microsoft announced this news, Altman said that his and Nadella’s top priority is that OpenAI continues to “thrive” and that they are committed to continuous operations, partnerships and customer relations.

Magazine: ‘AI has killed the industry’: EasyTranslate boss on adapting to change

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OpenAI staff tells board to resign after Sam Altman ousting: Report

505 out of 700 employees reportedly signed a letter stating that the board has undermined the company’s mission by firing Altman.

OpenAI staff are reportedly not happy about their board of directors firing founder Sam Altman. According to a social media post from tech podcaster Kara Swisher, employees sent a letter to the board demanding that they resign. A total of 505 out of 700 employees signed the letter, the post stated.

OpenAI is the developer of the artificial intelligence (AI) program ChatGPT. The program has over 100 million active users, according to statistics site Tooltester.

Swisher posted a copy of the letter, which accused the board of undermining the mission of OpenAI. “We, the employees of OpenAI, have developed the best models and pushed the field to new frontiers,” it stated. But “the process through which you terminated Sam Altman and removed Greg Brokman from the board has jeopardized all of this work and undermined our mission and company.”

The letter suggested that “the most stabilizing path forward” would be “for [the board] to resign and put in place a qualified board that could lead the company forward in stability.”

Related: Who is Emmett Shear, OpenAI’s new CEO?

According to the letter, employees have attempted to investigate why Altman was fired, but they have been unable to get a clear answer from the board, which “has never provided any written evidence” to confirm its allegations.

The OpenAI board fired Sam Altman on Nov. 17 for allegedly being “not consistently candid in his communications with the board.” Greg Brockman was also removed as chair on the same day. Some investors quickly protested his removal and asked that he be reinstated. On Nov. 20, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella announced that Altman and Brockman have been hired at his firm to head up a new AI team.

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