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India working on 5-point crypto legislation as ban is ruled out

Indian crypto platforms could attain similar status as authorized dealers (similar to banks) under the guidelines of the Indian Central Bank RBI.

India is working on a crypto regulatory framework based on the joint recommendations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Financial Stability Board (FSB) that could result in legal legislation in the next 5-6 months. Siddharth Sogani, the CEO of CREBACO that has worked with government agencies and ministries, told Cointelegraph that the Indian government is working on a five-point crypto legislature with a global approach.

India recently concluded the G20 summit on a high with several key economic announcements, however, the most notable decision for the crypto community came in the form of IMF-FSB joint recommendations for crypto regulations that India and other G20 nations welcomed.

The IMF-FSB crypto recommendations call for regulating the crypto market rather than a blanket ban approach. The IMF-FSB recommendations are a set of regulatory guidelines/suggestions that the G20 countries can work on to formulate their independent yet collaborative crypto legislative.

Cointelegraph reached out to CREBACO, a blockchain analytic firm that offered consulting services to several G20 committees and nations to get insight into India's crypto approach. Sogani, the CEO of the firm told Cointelegraph that based on their meetings with the government officials, India is currently working on a five-point regulatory approach with a focus on global collaboration on certain aspects such as crypto taxation.

Talking about the five-point framework, Sogani noted that the government is focusing on:

  1. Setting up advanced Know Your Customer (KYC) for crypto companies which covers the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), and Existing anti-money laundering Standards.
  2. Crypto platforms would be required to release Proof-of-reserve audits on real real-time basis to regulators.
  3. A uniform taxation policy across the nations.
  4. Crypto exchanges could gain the similar status of authorized dealers (similar to banks) under the guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
  5. Key positions may be mandatory such as Money Laundering Reporting Officer (MLRO) for crypto platforms.

Sogani noted that the world has realized that banning crypto is futile and several nations are moving towards a regulatory approach rather than a blanket ban. The likes of the United States and Europe have already got some specific crypto regulations in place while India took the taxation route. He added: 

“Regulations are inevitable, this ecosystem has grown substantially strong without regulations. Just imagine how well would it grow with proper regulations in place. Also, regulated markets reduce the risks of scams and illicit activities.” 

India has called for a global approach to crypto regulations for a while, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi reiterating the same during the recently concluded G20 summit. One of the executives at the Finance Ministry confirmed that they have taken the IMF-FSB crypto recommendations and will focus on formulating regulations around it in the coming months.

Related: India G20 confirms ‘active discussions’ around global crypto framework

The Finance Ministry executive said that IMF-FSB recommendations offer a good “framework to decide our own way forward. The foundation is ready, beyond that how much we want to go it is for us to decide in the coming months and then take a call."

The official also cleared that banning cryptocurrencies is no longer an option and noted that “If you want to ban it (cryptocurrency), go ahead and ban it. But if the rest of the countries are not banning it, it will be extremely difficult for one country to ban it.”

India currently doesn’t have any specific crypto regulations in place, though the country imposed a 30% tax on crypto gains in 2022. However, the joint crypto recommendations and the Finance Ministry’s assurance that a crypto framework could materialize into a formidable legislation in the coming few months is an optimistic sign for the crypto industry in the country.

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Indian central bank-backed NPCI begins blockchain recruitment

Singapore, Malaysia, the UAE, France, Benelux countries, Nepal and the U.K. have adopted the NPCI’s UPI payments system to varying degrees.

The National Payments Corporation Of India (NPCI) — an initiative led by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and 247 Indian banking companies — is on the lookout for a seasoned blockchain technologist to head and investigate opportunities for blockchain in current-day payment systems.

NPCI owns and operates the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), India’s home-grown instant payment system that facilitates interbank peer-to-peer and person-to-merchant transactions. A recent LinkedIn job posting confirmed NPCI’s ongoing drive to hire a head of blockchain.

NPCI’s job posting for a head of blockchain. Source: LinkedIn

The ideal candidate will be a seasoned technologist with at least six years of experience in developing and implementing blockchain, who will be primarily tasked with identifying “avenues wherever blockchain-driven solutions can be used.”

The senior leadership position also demands an in-depth technical understanding of multiple blockchain platforms and previous experience working on at least two pilot blockchain projects. UPI’s success in fortifying the Indian payments landscape has garnered interest from other jurisdictions.

Singapore, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, France, Benelux countries, Nepal and the United Kingdom have adopted the UPI payments system to varying degrees. Infusing blockchain elements in the UPI can potentially expose the technology to millions of users in an instant, thus reaffirming the capability of the underlying tech that has continued to power Bitcoin (BTC) for nearly 14 years.

The NPCI job application had over 200 applicants at the time of writing. NPCI’s blockchain hiring drive is expected to increase in the near future once viable blockchain use cases are unearthed.

Related: Amid crypto winter, central banks rethink in-house digital currencies

In August, the United Kingdom’s National Crime Agency (NCA) set out to hire four senior investigators for its Complex Financial Crime Team to work on crypto-related crimes.

Job posting for digital assets investigators. Source: National Crime Agency

The investigators will be tasked with pursuing high-end crypto fraud, money laundering and other blockchain-based crimes carried out by organized crime groups.

The U.K. has been working to establish an investigative team focusing on illicit crypto activities. On Jan. 4, the NCA launched its digital assets team, signaling an increased focus on crypto assets.

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Digital rupee gets big usability boost through Yes Bank integration with UPI

Yes Bank’s app UPI integration is the first for the Indian retail CBDC, which has seen a variety of projects since its pilot launch since December.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital rupee, will have enhanced usability, Yes Bank announced Aug. 30. This was thanks to Yes Bank’s integration of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with the RBI digital rupee app. Now Yes Bank account holders will be able to make transactions with the digital rupee by scanning UPI QR codes.

The UPI is a national payment portal operated by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), a division of the RBI. The NPCI provides the infrastructure for both the UPI and the digital rupee. The UPI is used by 150 million merchants in India, according to local press reports.

The Yes Bank app marks the first integration of the UPI with the CBDC. Yes Bank executive Ajay Rajan said in a statement:

“The transition to an interoperable CBDC platform holds the promise of seamless, efficient, and broader transactional capabilities for YES BANK customers. […] This transformational enabler will facilitate a quantum leap in CBDC usage, driven by the enhanced convenience and accessibility.”

Yes Bank was one of the eight original participating banks in the retail digital rupee pilot project, which launched in December. The project enlisted 5,000 participating merchants and 50,000 CBDC users and had carried out 800,000 transactions worth $134 million by February. A separate wholesale digital rupee pilot was launched in November.

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The digital rupee is already accepted at some of the stores in the country's large Reliance Retail chain through a program using QR codes that began in February in conjunction with ICICI Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank and Innoviti Technologies.

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India plans to use crypto tokens in upcoming native web browser

Feature is envisaged in the project of national web browser, cherished by the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology.

The citizens of India might get an option to sign documents digitally through crypto tokens. Such feature is envisaged in the project of national web browser, cherished by the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY).

On August 9 MeitY announced the launch of Indian web browser Development Challenge. The Ministry hopes to “inspire and empower” developers from all corners of the country to create an indigenous web browser withan inbuilt CCA India root certificate. According to the release:

“Proposed browser would also focus on accessibility and user friendliness, ensuring built-in support for individuals with diverse abilities.”

Emphasized separately is the ability to digitally sign documents using a crypto token, which would be embedded into the browser. 

The competition will last three rounds — after the first one the scope of participants would be limited to 18, after the second one to 8. The winner would be granted around 34 million Indian rupees ($411,000).

Related: Indian Supreme Court raps Union government on crypto rules delay. Report

Indian government has been active in its regulatory efforts in the recent months, especially in regard to tech and crypto. Presiding at the intergovernmental forum of 20 largest world economies (G-20), it has supported the Financial Stability Board’s (FSB) recommendations for a global crypto framework and called for special attention to developing economies’ specifics in its potential guidelines for crypto.

In August, The lower house of India’s parliament voted in approval of a bill that would ease data compliance regulations for Big Tech companies. The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2023 would simplify storage, processing and transfer standards for r global tech giants like Google, Meta and Microsoft, as well as for local firms.

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Indian Supreme Court raps Union government on crypto rules delay: Report

The Supreme Court bench asked the union government to file a report on whether the latter is capable of setting up a federal agency to investigate crypto-related crimes.

The Indian Supreme Court on July 27 reprimanded the Union government for the lack of crypto regulations in the country, according to a report in a local media outlet. 

The Supreme Court in its observation noted that it is “unfortunate” that the government has yet to release any clear guidelines around cryptocurrencies. The observation from the court came amid growing instances of criminal activities involving cryptocurrencies and directed the Union government to bring on record whether it plans to set up any dedicated federal agency to investigate such crypto criminal cases, the local daily reported.

According to the report, Justices Surya Kant and Dipankar Datta said: 

“You still don’t have any law, unfortunately. Do you have an agency at the national level to understand these cases and investigate them properly? We want you to identify a national specialised agency, in the national interest.” 

The court’s observation came during the hearing of petitions booked in connection with cryptocurrency fraud cases in different states of India. The court asked the government to file a response on whether they are capable of setting up a mechanism to investigate such cases.

The fight for clear government-issued crypto regulations in India has been a long-drawn one. The government started working on a crypto bill on the instructions of the Supreme Court as early as 2018. However, the government is yet to introduce the final draft of the crypto bill despite assuring it would be completed repeatedly over the past four years.

Related: Taxman: India’s new tax policies could prove fatal for crypto industry

While the Indian government is yet to come up with crypto guidelines, it was very quick to impose crypto taxation laws, which came into effect in April 2022. The law was first introduced during the bull market when India became one of the leading crypto markets with a number of crypto unicorns and trading volumes soaring into billions of dollars. However, the tax laws had a drastic impact on the thriving crypto market as the majority of the established firms decided to move away from India due to a lack of regulatory clarity.

Collect this article as an NFT to preserve this moment in history and show your support for independent journalism in the crypto space.

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RBI lists risks of stablecoin for developing economies, calls for global regulation

The Reserve Bank of India listed six specific ways stablecoin can undermine emerging markets, adding to its mounting case against crypto.

Stablecoin has a lot of potential to harm emerging markets and developing economies, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) claimed in its latest Financial Stability Report, released June 28. The report listed six threats that stablecoin presents.

The RBI has been a steadfast critic of cryptocurrency, but it was particularly articulate about the problems it sees with stablecoin “from an EMDE [emerging markets and developing economies] perspective.” It listed six specific problems, even though:

“The lack of authenticated data and inherent data gaps in the crypto ecosystem impede a proper assessment of financial stability risks.”

A stablecoin could threaten an EMDE through currency substitution, as its underlying assets are generally denominated freely convertible foreign currency, the report claimed. The “cryptoisation” of the economy that could result from large-scale stablecoin adoption could lead to currency mismatches “on the balance sheets of banks, firms, and households.”

An EMDE central bank could face problems setting the domestic interest rate and liquidity condition due to the presence of stablecoin in the economy, the RBI continued. Furthermore, the “decentralised, borderless, and pseudonymous characteristics of crypto-assets […] make them potentially attractive instruments to circumvent capital flow management measures.”

By presenting an alternative to the domestic financial system, stablecoin could interfere with banks’ ability to mobilize money and create credit by undermining credit risk assessment. Finally, the report said, peer-to-peer transactions are hard to track, which could increase the potential for their use in wrongdoing.

Related: India explores offline functionality of CBDCs — RBI executive director

The RBI took the opportunity to repeat its call for global coordination. It said:

“A globally coordinated approach is warranted to analyse risks posed to EMDEs vis- à-vis AEs [advanced economies]. […] In this context, under India’s G20 presidency, one of the priorities is to create a framework for global regulation of unbacked crypto- assets, stablecoins and DeFi.”

The RBI has been more bullish on central bank digital currency (CBDC). It launched a wholesale digital rupee pilot project in November and a retail digital rupee pilot project in February. It also signed an agreement with the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates in March to study a CBDC bridge to facilitate trade and remittances.

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De-dollarization: Is it really happening?

In our latest Cointelegraph Report, we analyze the causes leading to the decline of the U.S. dollar as the world reserve currency and its potential implications.

De-dollarization, the decline of the United States dollar as the world’s dominant reserved currency, is underway, and it’s gaining momentum. 

For over 100 years, the U.S. dollar has been the world reserve currency, which means it has been the dominant foreign currency held by central banks to carry out international transactions and settle international debt. 

However, in the last 20 years, the dollar’s dominance in countries’ reserves has decreased from 70% to under 60%, according to the International Monetary Fund.

This trend has been accelerating since last year, when the U.S. and its allies froze Russia’s dollar reserve as a response of the country’s invasion of Ukraine.

Since then, several countries have been looking for alternatives to the U.S. dollar. Some are discussing the creation of new currencies for international trade, while others are buying an increasing amount of gold to diversify their reserve.

Bitcoin (BTC), a nascent asset with many of the characteristics of gold, may also benefit from this trend in the long run. 

To know more about the causes and implications of the U.S. dollar decline and the assets that will benefit from it, watch the latest Cointelegraph Report on our YouTube channel and don’t forget to subscribe!

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Indian banks asked ‘to prepare for the future’ with AI and blockchain

In an RBI-organized conference for the directors of Indian banks, deputy governor Mahesh Kumar Jain discussed risk strategies around sustainable growth and stability.

A top federal official representing India's central bank, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), recommended all banks adopt artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology to ensure sustainable growth and stability.

In an RBI-organized conference for the directors of Indian banks, deputy governor Mahesh Kumar Jain discussed risk strategies around sustainable growth and stability.

Jain spoke about the importance of effective corporate governance and governance structure and processes when it comes to staying prepared for future risks. Technological disruptions, evolving customer expectations and cybersecurity threats among others have put forth new sets of risks for the banks across technology, business and operations. His recommendation for addressing the said set of challenges was to focus on tech adoption.

“To prepare for the future," Jain recommended Indian banks to "adopt innovative technologies such as AI and blockchain," along with focusing on digital transformation, enhancing customer experience, and investing in cybersecurity measures.

India’s central bank digital currency (CBDC), which was launched on Nov. 1, 2022, started being tested for offline functionality in March. At the time, RBI executive director Ajay Kumar Choudhary shared India’s intention to materialize its CBDC as a medium of exchange.

Related: India expands national payment network to Singapore: What’s in it for crypto?

India’s neighbor, Pakistan, also recently announced an ambitious plan to train 1 million IT graduates on AI by 2027.

As previously Cointelegraph reported, Pakistan’s intended use cases for AI include predicting the weather, agriculture supply chain optimization and health services transformation, to name a few.

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Bangladesh and India to Trade in National Currencies Due to US Dollar Liquidity Issues

Bangladesh and India to Trade in National Currencies Due to US Dollar Liquidity IssuesBangladesh and India have decided to conduct trade settlements in their own currencies, bypassing the dominance of the U.S. dollar. According to sources from the Bangladesh Bank, the decision was made due to the issues of liquidity in foreign currency that Bangladesh faces, which are disrupting the flow of imports to the country. Bangladesh and […]

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India explores offline functionality of CBDCs — RBI executive director

In addition to offline functionality, RBI is gauging CBDC’s potential for cross-border transactions and linkage with legacy systems of other countries.

India’s recently launched in-house central bank digital currency (CBDC) — the digital rupee — is now being tested for offline functionality, revealed Ajay Kumar Choudhary, executive director of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

The RBI — India’s central bank and regulatory body — launched the wholesale segment pilot for the digital rupee on Nov. 1, 2022, onboarding 50,000 users and 5,000 merchants for real-world testing. As of Feb. 25, around $134 million and 800,000 transactions have been completed via wholesale CBDCs.

Building on this progress, Choudhary said the RBI is looking at the CBDC’s offline functionality. Speaking to CNBC TV18, he stated the RBI is gauging the CBDC’s potential for cross-border transactions and linkage with legacy systems in other countries. He added:

“We are eagerly looking forward to private sector and fintechs’ participation in CBDC. We will see their contribution, especially on offline and cross-border CBDC transactions.”

Moreover, speaking on behalf of the RBI, Choudhary said the CBDC would soon become the medium of exchange and needs all features of physical currency, including anonymity.

India’s motivation for launching the CBDC was to improve regional financial inclusion and spearhead the digital economy. Choudhary also told CNBC TV18 that CBDC would eventually act as a replacement for cryptocurrencies.

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On Feb. 21, India’s national payment network, the unified payments interface (UPI), expanded its services to Singapore.

The UPI PayNow integration allows citizens from India and Singapore to send money across borders quickly.

Initially, four major Indian banks — the State Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank, Indian Bank and ICICI Bank — will facilitate outgoing remittances. Axis Bank and DBS Bank India will facilitate incoming remittances. Singapore’s DBS Bank and Liquid Group will provide the service to users in the region.

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