1. Home
  2. Tokens

Tokens

Music NFTs a powerful tool to transform an audience into a community

Music artists have the opportunity to develop tighter relations with their fans through the use of NFTs.

As one of the oldest entertainment industries in existence, the music business has experienced many technological advances that enhanced widespread adoption. The digitalization of music meant that artists could reach any audience across the world, and digital distribution gifted people with unlimited access to music. 

With these advances in distribution came some drawbacks in music monetization. The way musicians make money in a digital format has reduced margins from media or video revenue. Artists have been pushed back to generating revenue from offline endeavors like concerts and selling merchandise as the online landscape has been filled with intermediaries that take a piece of the pie.

“Web3 and existing platforms help us build a new chapter of the music industry.” Takayuki Suzuki, CEO at MetaTokyo — Web3 entertainment Studio — told Cointelegraph, “It was hard to find good music for me, checking many record stores in Tokyo and sometimes overseas. Now it’s very accessible via streaming.”

A new paradigm of Web3 tools is giving creators the means to develop an existing audience and transform it into a community. Fan relations have become crucial and they have never been tighter with artists in Web3.

Marcus Feistl, chief operations officer of Limewire, a Music NFT marketplace that was originally a free software peer-to-peer file sharing music-based platform, told Cointelegraph:

“The music and creator industry is certainly on the verge of a step change, moving from a Web2 model focused on content consumption to a Web3 model focused on content ownership. Artists are just beginning to find their way to best utilize Web3 to interact with their audience.”

Among the many use cases for nonfungible tokens (NFTs), the most prevailing has been the ability to form communities around token holders. The rise of decentralized autonomous organizations experimented with coordinating these communities in a digitally native way. All these unlock potential opportunities for independent artists willing to innovate in the next iteration of the music space.

Disrupting the music industry once again

The music industry has always been willing to try new things. As Mattias Tengblad, CEO and co-founder of Corite — a blockchain-based crowdfunding music platform — told Cointelegraph, “When music videos came out in the 80s, it was entirely new and people weren’t sure what to make of it. Adoption of these things often starts slowly but eventually becomes mainstream.”

Web3 platforms are in their early stages. The majority of users are crypto savvy and have a basic technical understanding of how to interact on-chain. As the space develops, Web3 music platforms can become a key piece in the way labels and artists do business and market themselves.

The opportunities presented by this technology facilitate connections between like-minded individuals breaking any previous barriers to forming a community. “It was hard to maintain great relationships in the industry,” reflected Suzuki, “I’ve been constantly meeting and re-connecting with forward-thinking people.”

These innovations aren’t exclusive to incumbents of the music industry and young talent native to Web3 can open the gates for new expression and monetization. It is encouraging the relationship between artists, middlemen and fans to transition into a community.

Related: Web3 is creating a new genre of NFT-driven music

Music innovation empowers those artists testing new technologies with the opportunity to become the next established artists of the upcoming generation. This can potentially diminish the importance of record labels to an artist’s success. Many record companies are getting involved by moving some of their activity on-chain and releasing NFT collections.

“There will always be a need for record labels, but I think the ones that fail to adapt to the changing landscape are at risk of being left behind,” Tengblad said, adding:

“Once you have a loyal group of supporters, I think the technology opens the door for you to monetize your work directly, while also sharing in the benefits of your success with your supporters.”

Successful Music NFT drops show how Web3 can disrupt the fundraising model by allowing artists to go directly to fans for funding. Those artists that make an effort to engage with their community and build a direct relationship with their fanbase will benefit the most from Web3.

From audience to community

An audience is generally understood as a one-way relationship, while a community suggests a two-way communication between the artist and its fans. For a community to be productive, those involved should enrich the creative process by actively listening to each other’s needs and proposing solutions for the betterment of the community as a whole. 

As artists shift to a more community-driven approach, blockchain and NFTs allow artists to raise funds from their fans with no middlemen and offer unique benefits and opportunities back to the people who contribute to them. Prevailing platforms are still a crucial tool for community building and music distribution to complement a Web3 strategy.

“Affordable digital recording has led to an explosion of musicians on YouTube who reach out to their community for collaborations, instant feedback, live streams, etc,” commented Tengblad, “Social media and chat programs like Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, Telegram, and Discord give people who are interested in what you are doing a chance to engage with more of your content, connect with you and with each other.”

If an artist posts a new video on Youtube, their community can contribute to the artist’s work by providing instant feedback and proposing new ideas that can help the artist grow and develop further.

Activities performed by the community tend to enjoy a bigger impact and immediately affect the growth of an artist. With the backing of a strong community, artists possess a solid foundation to build a career.

Recent: NFTs will bring crypto to billions of users, explains VC investor

The engagement process between the artist and their community has to become as simple as possible. Suzuki explained:

“Web3 will give more power to artists and creators so there would be a need for education. Intermediaries could be supporters or contributors in a community not intercepting information or money.”

This starts with clear communication and by making NFTs more accessible to everyone. Bringing NFTs and the model of content ownership closer to fans is what will ultimately drive artist communities, as it creates a much stronger and more exclusive connection between fans and creators.

“For creators, this means an easy-to-use self-onboarding process where they can create their first NFT project in just a few clicks,” concluded Fesitl, “For fans this means that you can either use a fully custodial service without the need of owning a wallet or directly connecting an external wallet, providing the full Web3 experience.”

Artists who are most prepared to succeed in today’s industry are the ones who are willing to use every tool available to build an interactive and engaged community around their work.

White House: America Will Be the Bitcoin Superpower of the World

How NFTs and the Metaverse can keep fashion luxurious

Luxury in the metaverse isn’t just exclusive to owning the biggest land plot or the best NFT avatar — it’s more than that.

It’s no secret that the fashion industry has started to explore the cryptoverse, with brands like Dolce & Gabbana, Gucci, Philipp Plein and Tiffany & Co. taking their own path down the metaverse runway. 

Decentraland’s Metaverse Fashion Week hinted at a new wave of fashion, while Philipp Plein brought the metaverse and nonfungible tokens (NFTs) right into his London shop. The innovative technology mixed with the ever-changing fashion world was an inevitable pair, but there is always room for more.

Even during its inception, the promise of the metaverse has convinced people to pay millions for land in the virtual worlds — so, why not fashion? The fashion industry is always looking for new ways to innovate and create new traditions.

While the metaverse removes the tangible aspect that captivates many in the fashion industry, it is a new way to experience wearing and using beautiful pieces digitally on a personal avatar. Lokesh Rao, CEO of Trace Network Labs, previously told Cointelegraph that “a digital avatar can wear any garment without any constraints of type, design, fabric and use.”

As many know, however, the fashion industry remains one of the most exclusive industries in the world. With Chanel’s bag quota or purchase criteria and the long waiting list to get a Hermès Birkin or Kelly, a lot of the influence in the fashion industry comes from exclusivity, price, outfits and, in many cases, who one knows.

And as many fashion enthusiasts understand, there is nothing like opening the box of a long-coveted piece and holding, wearing and loving it for the first time. The idea of luxury is a melange of both exclusivity and passion. Why should fashion in the metaverse be any different?

Keep and grow traditions 

While prominent brands value their traditions, they should also evolve as time goes on. However, appealing to a new user base while keeping the existing ones entertained is not easy. 

In a fight to keep customers and enthusiasts loyal to the brand, Indrė Viltrakytė, a fashion entrepreneur and the founder of Web3 fashion venture The Rebels, suggested they “co-create digital wearables with members of their community and sharing commercial rights/profits or royalties with them.”

In this case, Viltrakytė told Cointelegraph that digital collectibles could help showcase fashion enthusiasts’ interest in a brand. These would not only be available to influencers, or the lucky ones who are given PR packages for their large following and interest in a brand, but could be for everyone.

For example, Maison Margiela could offer a set amount of digital wearables when buying a pair of the Bianchetto Tabi Boot. The boots can be worn in the Metaverse and in real life for those diehard fans who do not necessarily have a following behind them.

Recent: The Caribbean is pioneering CBDCs with mixed results amid banking difficulties

Tiffany & Co. has already done something similar with their CryptoPunk NFT collection NFTiff, a collection of CryptoPunk-inspired NFTs that are “exclusive to CryptoPunk holders.”

For 30 Ether (ETH), CryptoPunk holders can secure a physical version of their favorite and probably most expensive NFT to be worn as a status symbol. This is something that would not be exclusive to those with influence and can carry online into the new era of Tiffany’s little blue box, an iconic emblem of the brand.

Digital fashion items are nonfungible

NFTs, according to the Ethereum Foundation, are “tokens that we can use to represent ownership of unique items.” They are not able to be modified or deleted once minted, and “digital assets never deteriorate,” said Viltrakytė. 

Unfortunately, many assets in the fashion industry, such as the aforementioned Birkin, which has “outperformed the S&P 500 over 35 years,” according to Finty, can be stolen, destroyed or worn down over time without proper care. This is where digital assets rise above because, “like some ultra-exclusive, non-tangible experiences currently available, not everything expensive needs to be ‘touched’ to have value,” Viltrakytė noted.

Plus, outside of collectors and caretakers, it is almost impossible for an enthusiast to get their hands on an archive piece, especially if preservation could be a problem. Sometimes, brands will showcase their archive in cities like Paris or Milan for a limited time, but in many cases, it is a private affair owned by private people. However, one way that brands can utilize this exclusivity of a non-deteriorating asset is through NFTs and blockchain-based NFT museums.

Viltrakytė said, “If an NFT gives you direct access to Chanel archives or the creative director of Hermès, it signifies the special status you can have or even upgrade with time.” The NFT will never expire, and there will always be a way to create a luxurious and exclusive experience.

Another way, she suggested, is to create something like a fashion bond, where after some point, the NFT can be exchanged for a luxury item. “For example, if you are a Hermès client and would like to purchase a deed for your daughter to redeem it for a one-of-a-kind bag on her 18th birthday, you can do it seamlessly as an NFT,” she said, adding:

“Paper certificates burn; servers crash and lose data; but blockchain does not lie, and a nonfungible token like that would be 100x more liquid, verifiable and longer-lasting than any traditional document.”

Embrace e-commerce and the technology

As exciting as it is to go to the shop and try on, feel, walk around and experience the shop and its clothes, e-commerce is already on its way to becoming the main way to shop. The metaverse can help make it as luxurious and modern as traveling to Paris to buy a beloved Kelly. A new and creative approach is necessary because, as Viltrakytė said, “now, post-covid, 99.99% of brands are selling online, including Hermès.” Brands need to embrace what technology can do for their image and customers.

Viltrakytė believes that the industry is in the experimental phase of Web3 and virtual reality to see how they really affect the fashion industry, as “we don’t have solutions capable of making a digital garment ‘fit.’ When we have a ‘good enough’ depth sensors in our smartphones’ front camera and AR technology that can ‘fit’ any item perfectly on anyone, it will be the true start of the digital wearables era.”

According to Vogue Business, a Los Angeles modeling agency, Photogenics, has already experimented with this type of technology by creating “avatars via 3D scans of models’ faces, while their bodies were rendered from scratch.” The models and their avatars, personalized to the model’s preference of reality or creativity, are available for use in the metaverse as virtual models.

Recent: Are decentralized digital identities the future or just a niche use case?

Digital wearables can also shape who we are online. If one decides to move into the metaverse for various reasons, an identity there is as important as it is in real life. In fashion, people use details to express themselves, adding their own embroidery to pieces and customizing it to represent their personality. This concept will be just as important online as it is offline, as Viltrakytė suggested:

“The virtual presence can be an extension of one’s physical self and personality, or it can be something completely different from who a person is in real life. I think we’ll be seeing a mixture of those two concepts.” 

The simple fact is that the technology is not there yet. But as the fashion industry has proven time and time again, “our creativity shows how we can leverage all of this potential in the fashion industry.” 

White House: America Will Be the Bitcoin Superpower of the World

Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission CVM Subpoenas Mercado Bitcoin on Fixed Income Token Investments

Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission CVM Subpoenas Mercado Bitcoin on Fixed Income Token InvestmentsThe Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) has sent a subpoena to Mercado Bitcoin, one of the biggest exchanges in the country, to inquire about the services the company lends regarding cryptocurrency-related fixed return investments. The company will have to disclose the details of these investments and if they plan to maintain them as available […]

White House: America Will Be the Bitcoin Superpower of the World

What Cardano’s Vasil hard fork means for the blockchain

Cardano’s Vasil hard fork seeks to enhance the platform’s transaction throughput speeds, DApp development capacity, security and general usability.

After several delays and some setbacks, Cardano’s long-awaited Vasil upgrade finally went live on Sept. 22. From the outside looking in, the hard fork is designed to help improve the ecosystem’s scalability and general transaction throughput capacity as well as advance Cardano’s decentralized applications (DApps) development capacity. 

To commemorate the event, an announcement was made by blockchain firm Input Output Hong Kong (IOHK) — which currently oversees the design, building and maintenance of the Cardano platform — just minutes after the development.

To obtain a more holistic overview of what the upgrade represents and its potential impact on Cardano (as well as the crypto ecosystem at large), Cointelegraph reached out to Shahaf Bar-Geffen, CEO of COTI, a protocol for creating decentralized payment networks and stablecoins. In his view:

“The Vasil Upgrade heralds the dawn of a new era for the Cardano ecosystem and the decentralized finance space at large. The upgrade aims to improve the network’s scalability and enhance Cardano’s smart contract capabilities.”

Bar-Geffen further noted that the hard fork will significantly improve the efficiency of Djed, an algorithmic stablecoin developed jointly by IOHK and the COTI Group, increasing the number of transactions carried out on the Djed platform and thus helping position Cardano as a prime contender for stablecoin transactions.

A closer look at what Vasil has to offer

Before looking at the functional and operational benefits afforded by the Vasil hard fork, it would be best to understand what exactly a hard fork is. In its most basic sense, a hard fork is a network upgrade set in motion when those governing a blockchain platform decide to add or fix certain features to the ecosystem. 

In other words, when a hard fork takes place, the network splits into two versions that run separately, where one version follows existing features and rules while the other continues as an upgraded version of the network. 

Expounding her view on the technical aspects of the upgrade, Charmyn Ho, head of crypto insights for cryptocurrency exchange Bybit, told Cointelegraph that at the application layer, Cardano’s Vasil hard fork aims to bolster the network’s current smart contracts to curate a better experience for both users and developers alike, adding:

“This will simultaneously lead to a more efficient building process with regard to applications on the chain. At the infrastructure level, the many upgrades that come with the Vasil hard fork will allow Cardano to increase its block size and TPS whilst maintaining its POS mechanism.”

Ho further highlighted that the Vasil hard fork is aimed not just at improving the scalability of the chain and optimizing its existing features but also at bolstering the network’s stability and connectivity. “This is a huge and prominent step forward for Cardano as the upgrade is expected to reduce the network's transaction costs while increasing transaction speeds,” she added. 

Recent: Ethereum post-Merge hard forks are here — Now what?

Lastly, it is worth noting that Vasil is not Cardano’s first major network upgrade because a year or so ago, the project witnessed the launch of another hard fork called Alonzo, which was designed to allow users to devise DApps using smart contracts. The Alonzo upgrade, alongside many other developments, was Cardano’s way of providing users with an attractive alternative to Ethereum, another platform that allows for the seamless development of novel applications using smart contracts.

Why is Vasil so important?

Named after a prominent member of the Cardano community who passed away in 2021, Vasil St. Dabov, the upgrade will enhance the ecosystem’s transaction throughput, efficiency and block latency speeds. Furthermore, the hard fork will see the implementation of a technique called diffusion pipelining, which seeks to improve block propagation times while increasing the network’s transaction processing capabilities.

The Vasil hard fork will introduce three key Cardano Improvement Proposals (CIPs), namely CIP-31, CIP-32 and CIP-33. In this regard, CIP-31 will spur the introduction of a new reference input mechanism that will allow DApps to access transactional output data without having to recreate it as before, making the entire process extremely streamlined and time-saving. At the same time, CIP-32 is designed to enhance Cardano’s native decentralization levels by introducing an on-chain data storage feature for network participants.

CIP-33 will make transactions lighter by making changes to the system’s native programming script, allowing for faster processing as well as reduced fees. Lastly, another improvement called CIP-40 will be introduced as part of Vasil. It will introduce a new output transaction mechanism to help improve block transmission without full validation.

Other updates include an enhancement of Cardano’s native smart contract programming language Plutus, which will now be more functionally advanced than its previous iteration. Not only that, Vasil will also improve the platform’s security by making it easier to interface with Cardano’s UTXO model (which has been built to resemble that of Bitcoin) while keeping its transaction load off-chain.

Potential effects on ADA

While the first round of the hard fork started on Sept. 22, the remaining upgrades are set to take effect on Sept 27. To this point, the second phase of the hard fork will look to redefine Plutus’ cost model, which has a direct effect on the processing power and memory fees required to govern Cardano’s native smart contracts.

In addition to the Vasil upgrade, the Cardano team revealed that it has been working tirelessly on the development of its layer-2 scaling solution — the Hydra head protocol — which is capable of processing transactions from the Cardano blockchain while still making use of it as its core security and settlement layer.

To this point, a recent update by the Cardano team revealed it had successfully addressed a known issue with Hydra’s node framework. As things stand, the protocol does not have a fixed release date. However, the IOHK team has hinted that the offering could make its way into the market sometime in late 2022 or the first quarter of 2023.

Recent: El Salvador's Bitcoin decision: Tracking adoption a year later

Vasil was originally slated to go live earlier this year but faced numerous setbacks. Even though the upgrade is live now, the ecosystem continues to reel in from the impact of these delays. For example, since the start of 2020, Cardano’s native cryptocurrency, ADA, has continued to witness a dip in its transaction volume. Not only that, but from a purely price-performance standpoint, the upgrade has not been able to do much in terms of spurring ADA’s value, with the currency trading down less than 1% on the week.

Despite ADA’s price action continuing to remain quite lackluster, the fact that the Cardano ecosystem has made such tremendous strides over the past year shows that the project seems to be primed for big things in the near to mid-term.

White House: America Will Be the Bitcoin Superpower of the World

Institutional crypto custody: How banks are housing digital assets

Large financial institutions are getting involved in digital assets by investing capital, time and effort into custody technology solutions.

Until 2020, most of the crypto market action was largely driven by retail enthusiasm. It was only around August 2020 that institutions started to participate meaningfully in this asset class. As the United States Federal Reserve unleashed trillions of dollars of liquidity into the market during the COVID-19 pandemic, retail and institutional investors jumped onto the cryptocurrency bandwagon.

While crypto loyalists claim large-scale institutional adoption over the last couple of years, the entire asset class is only around $1 trillion in size. That is quite small when compared to the gold market of $11 trillion and the bond market of over $100 trillion. There is still a long way to go for the institutional adoption of crypto and blockchain-based digital assets.

A quick look at Coinbase’s trading volumes below shows the rise of institutional capital in crypto. But, it is also clear that the institutional numbers are quite modest when compared to other asset classes.

Some institutions, particularly top-tier banks and fintech, have started building capabilities to offer digital asset products and services to their clients. This is because banks and fintech are starting to see crypto, nonfungible tokens (NFTs) and other digital assets as a systemically important asset class. Not offering these products and services to their clients would be leaving a pot of money on the table.

These clients that banks serve vary from hedge funds, asset managers, family offices, corporations, small and medium enterprises, to even retail customers. However, it is easier for banks to serve their institutional clients first, as they would have to go through lower regulatory hurdles than when serving a retail audience.

Financial institutions have focused on a few capabilities that have lower regulatory hurdles such as custody and data analytics within the crypto space. While this is largely true with banks, fintech have taken a more retail-friendly approach. For instance, Revolut offers crypto services to its customers.

As the first article in a series focusing on institutional involvement in digital assets, we will look into institutional custody solutions for digital assets.

What is digital asset custody?

Digital asset custody is the process of storing crypto, NFTs and other forms of digital assets safely and securely.

For the many things that Web3 and cryptocurrencies have got right, the user experience behind onboarding and self-custody is still lacking. A new user typically creates an account on an exchange like Coinbase or Binance and buys crypto there. These cryptocurrencies sitting in their exchange account are under the custody of the exchange.

However, if a user wants to take custody of their digital assets holdings, they would typically move them to a wallet like MetaMask or Phantom. This is called self-custody. This can be intimidating for users as it requires remembering a private key. To date, about four million Bitcoin (BTC) have been lost due to owners losing their private keys.

Self-custody may not be a solution for everyone. At the same time, institutions that provide custodial services to clients have had their dark days, too. For instance, Celsius, a centralized crypto lending platform, held custody of their client assets and have had trouble servicing its customers.

As markets hit peak crisis through the Terra episode, Celsius wasn’t able to return the crypto assets of their customers due to poor liquidity management practices. Therefore, institutions offering custodial services must have high-risk management standards to ensure their clients’ digital assets holdings are safe and liquid.

How do financial institutions approach digital asset custody?

Banks have been custodians of retail and institutional money for decades and have done a pretty good job. Particularly after the Great Depression, the self-custody of assets was considered too risky, and that led to the rise of banking institutions.

According to the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), reporting banks across the world held over $101 trillion in assets in 2022. The U.S. accounted for about 20% of that, at just over $20 trillion. This demonstrates that banks have historically been trusted with holding custody of both institutional and retail assets.

As a result, it is only natural that institutional and retail investors rely on banks to offer digital asset custody solutions. However, unlike custody of conventional money, digital assets require a new set of considerations from a bank.

What are banks’ custody considerations?

Banks looking to set up digital asset custody typically look at two broad approaches: building and buying capability.

Banks can choose to organically build custody capability. For instance, Nomura’s Komainu and Standard Chartered’s Zodia custody platforms are examples where major banks used their in-house technology to build digital asset custody solutions.

These banks can use these solutions for their own clients and offer custody platforms for other banks to use, too.

However, banks are not in the technology business. When a bank chooses to buy custody capability, it may just acquire a custody provider or the technology from an external vendor. Once they acquire the technology capability from a vendor, they can offer custody services to their clients.

Recent: Ethereum post-Merge hard forks are here — Now what?

Other alternatives are investing in a digital asset custody provider for long-term strategic synergies and/or partnering with a custody provider. In summary, they will look to inorganically create custody capability through strategic investments and acquisitions.

Where a bank chooses to buy or inorganically bring in the digital asset custody capability from an external vendor, there are certain product considerations:

Regulatory approvals

Banks must seek regulatory clarity and ensure compliance before choosing a custody provider. The custody platform under consideration must demonstrate compliance with regional regulatory policies around crypto custody. 

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency in the U.S. and the Markets in Crypto-Assets in Europe drive custody regulations for their respective regions. As custody providers, banks will hold private keys on behalf of their clients. This adds additional operational risks and banks must demonstrate that suitable controls are in place to ensure safekeeping.

Blockchains and assets supported

When banks look at a potential custody platform, one of the key considerations would be the blockchains that the platform supports. Often these custody solutions support blue chip assets like BTC and Ether (ETH). 

However, with more chains growing in stature, user base and transaction volume locked, clients may demand custody support for chains like Solana, Avalanche and others. Also, it may not be enough for custody platforms to just support crypto anymore.

NFTs have started to make a mark, particularly within the art space. The most expensive NFT yet, The Merge, was sold for $91.8 million. As a result, private banking and wealth clients of banks may soon demand support for NFT custody too. This would be a key consideration for a bank looking to choose a custody platform.

Tech only vs. custody vendors

Another key criterion for a bank is to choose between custody platforms and custody service providers. With the former, banks would treat them just as a technology vendor. In this scenario, the banks would still be responsible for owning the operating model behind the custody service.

On the other hand, banks could also choose to partner with custody service providers, where they get the technology and the entire custody capability out of the box. Banks would just be white labelling the entire service.

Fireblocks and Copper are custody platforms that provide the technology capabilities, whereas, Coinbase and Gemini offer out-of-the-box “custody as a service” solutions.

Cybersecurity standards and audits

Cybersecurity is perhaps the biggest risk for a digital asset custody provider. As a result, custody vendors must show that they have been examined by auditors across key dimensions such as security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality and privacy. 

There are two commonly used examinations that custody vendors go through. They are SOC1 and SOC2, where SOC stands for System and Organisational Controls. Gemini announced clearing both SOC1 and SOC2 examinations in January 2021.

While these are point-in-time examinations, periodic audits are essential to ensure cyber standards are kept up to date.

Wallet types

Custodians offer clients different wallet capability types. The choice of wallet types decides the level of security, recoverability, seamlessness and compatibility with various blockchains.

Hot wallets are connected to the internet and are a lot easier to use as they integrate with applications for decentralized finance (DeFi) and NFTs more seamlessly.

Cold wallets are mostly offline and are only connected to the internet through a controlled mechanism. Therefore cold wallets offer secure custody of digital assets. Due to the controls in place to make them secure, cold wallets are not the most seamless experience for buying and selling digital assets.

Multisignature (multisig) wallets are used to increase the security of transactions as they require multiple parties with individual private keys to sign a transaction. Although they make custody and transactions more secure, multisig wallets are not compatible with all chains. They can only support the custody of a limited number of digital assets.

Multi-party computation (MPC) wallets are an alternative to multisig wallets and offer the same level of security but better compatibility. With MPC, no single party holds the complete private key. Different parties involved in signing transactions hold two independent mathematically generated secret shares.

As a result, the security levels rely on multiple parties signing transactions while still being able to support different blockchains more seamlessly.

Custody platforms and service providers. Source: Blockdata

Segregation of client funds

Custody providers should be able to service clients who want their funds held separately from other clients. This functionality is critical for banks to consider when they are choosing their custody partners to serve their institutional clients.

Pricing 

Custody providers have different pricing models that they charge to their banking partners. The custody providers/platforms charge the banks a licensing fee, often based on the features that the banks want to roll out to their clients. Banks typically charge a percentage of assets under custody to their clients.

Pricing often depends on the nature of the service or product that the custody providers offer. For instance, if the custody provider is just providing the technology platform, pricing would be a licensing fee model. However, if a bank chooses to go for a complete “custody as a service” provider, they may incur an “assets under custody” commission. They would pass on this fee to their clients.

Integration with apps for staking

Most crypto users expect to use the crypto positions in their wallets to make passive income through DeFi solutions. As DeFi solutions scale, this is another application for custody platforms to support. Therefore, compatibility with multiple chains, assets and their decentralized applications (DApps) is a critical functionality.

Integration and Interfaces

Custody platforms must provide various interfaces like mobile, PC, Mac and browser compatibility. This is another key consideration for banks when they roll out these solutions to their institutional clients.

Integration with tax and Anti-Money Laundering solutions are critical features that custody platforms must offer. Banks would want to provide seamless tax calculation integration to their clients based on the digital assets transactions they have made and the tax regime that their institutional clients fall under.

Recent: El Salvador's Bitcoin decision: Tracking adoption a year later

Custody platforms like Fireblocks offer integration with on-chain analytics solutions, Elliptic or Chainalysis, for example. This integration offers the intelligence to spot any money laundering activities that banks must be aware of.

Banks and digital assets: The future

In summary, digital assets will grow into a significant focus area for banks and financial institutions in the future. The convergence of conventional financial market participants and futuristic ones has just begun. 

The first set of capabilities that banks have been focused on are infrastructure, compliance and regulatory capabilities. This is evident from their investments and partnership focus areas within the digital assets space.

However, as regulatory frameworks become clearer, we should see more innovative digital asset sub-verticals being embraced by financial services.

White House: America Will Be the Bitcoin Superpower of the World

Ethereum post-Merge hard forks are here: Now what?

The Merge marks a turning point for the Ethereum network, but what are the consequences of switching to a new consensus mechanism?

On the first day after the Merge, the decentralized finance (DeFi) community is settling into the seemingly uneventful transition of the Ethereum network from proof-of-work (PoW) to proof-of-stake (PoS). However, it has yet to be seen the benefits that hard forks will bring to PoW supporters.

So far, the most important contending networks in favor of the mining community, EthereumPoW and Ethereum Classic, have shown different outcomes post-Merge.

A stumbling start

The fledgling EthereumPoW started its debut with Twitter users reporting issues with accessing the network. The issues were confirmed to be the result of a hack to the network but was reportedly resolved.

Major cryptocurrency exchange OKX has already started providing on-chain data for the new network. Though the current transaction activity of the crypto asset seems stable, the PoW spin-off’s price value has been in constant decay since its launch, going from a price of $137 at its peak to $5.87 at publishing time, according to CoinMarketCap.

Moving forward, there is no clear infrastructure or roadmap plan for the ETHPoW network. The project’s “meme” white paper, displayed on its website, is 10 pages long, with five of them solely dedicated to the title of the project and the remaining five “intentionally left blank.” The prank document is also accompanied by a GitHub repository with merely 16 contributions since August this year, and no further information is provided on the section of EthereumPoW official documents.

ETC’s revival

The cryptocurrency Ethereum Classic (ETC) could see a turnaround in its struggle to lift off, as the community could shift to the six-year-old project.

Originally created in 2016, the existence of Ethereum Classic is the result of one of the biggest philosophical divisions in the Ethereum community. The fork originated as a solution to the hack of The DAO, a project executing on the Ethereum network.

The DAO was an early iteration of a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) on the Ethereum network. To address the hack and compensate investors, the community agreed to essentially roll back the network’s history to before the hack happened with a hard fork. While the new fork inherited the name “Ethereum,” those who disagreed with the move continued to support the old fork, which became known as Ethereum Classic.

Today, Ethereum Classic works as an open-source blockchain that runs smart contracts with its own cryptocurrency.

The preference for ETC over other fork options goes beyond its market price, already submitted to various ups and downs, but rather a matter of practicality. Sebastian Nill, ETC miner and chief operations officer of mining consulting company AETERNAM, told Cointelegraph that, since it runs using a PoW consensus protocol, it is more attractive for the mining community, adding:

“The possibility of a hardfork has always been there. People are always going to prefer to be able to mine Ether rather than having to buy it.”

As the network is a fork of Ethereum, meaning everything the main network had can be replicated on its hard fork, that doesn’t imply that the possibility of building products and services on top of the ETC’s chain would be the main interest for the community. 

The cryptoasset could also absorb most of the energy consumption left by Ethereum to apply on their own proof-of-work, allowing the network to confirm transactions and maintain its security with an important amount of energy resources.

“Ethereum Classic is going to be just as effective as Ethereum was for miners. In the end, the community is going to pick ETC, not because of its rentability but for effectiveness for data processing,” Nill says.

The user perspective

The users that decide to hold Ethereum PoW or any subsequent token post-Merge could find it difficult to trade their new assets. The support for operations with the fork-resulting asset from major exchanges like Binance is a current relief for holders who still face the asset’s decay in value.

Moreover, another concern that could be in sight is the one coming from the regulation front. In a recent commentary given to Wall Street Journal reporters on Thursday, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission chairman Gary Gensler reportedly said that cryptocurrencies and intermediaries that allowed staking could be defined as a security.

The regulatory attention toward Ethereum resulting from a PoW to PoS transition could be a game changer that effectively fits the U.S. law. This is due to the possibility of staked assets to generate dividends and be seen as securities according to the Howey test.

On the other hand, while Ethereum’s upcoming PoS model is more energy efficient and environmentally friendly, the upgrade hasn’t cured the current headaches for DeFi protocols and its users, like network congestion and high transaction fees, known as gas fees. For instance, the first nonfungible token (NFT) to be minted post-Merge cost over $60,000 in gas fees.

The building of strong foundations over providing lower gas fees and major transaction speed is a temporary tradeoff that won’t affect the market, as Matt Weller, global head of research of City Index, told Cointelegraph:

“From a user perspective, you want something that is cheap, fast and reliable. Through the Merge and more scaling in future plans for the Ethereum Foundation, this could be a foreseeable opportunity. They have worked from a very safe place, assuring security at all cost over other tradeoffs.” 

No shortcuts

Ethereum’s choice to bet on a change for its consensus protocol has been defended as a necessary, non-negotiable step. 

Skylar Weaver, devcon and devconnect lead of the Ethereum Foundation, told Cointelegraph that the Merge is a testament to the network’s “no shortcuts” approach to its development:

“No, I don’t think it is a trade-off. I see PoS as a necessary step to achieve those user-focused perks, like transaction speed and lower gas fees. Other chains achieve lower gas fees and faster transaction speeds indeed by making tradeoffs: They sacrifice decentralization to have more scalability. They take shortcuts.” 

Moreover, the usage of rollups through layer-2 networks will still allow access to Ethereum’s benefits for mainstream users.

“Ethereum is scaling right now via L2s. Specifically rollups. Folks can use Rollups today to have transactions with a fraction of the gas cost, faster, while still inheriting the security and decentralization benefits of Ethereum. That's how we are scaling without taking shortcuts.” Weaver said.

White House: America Will Be the Bitcoin Superpower of the World

GEM Digital commits $50M to ParallelChain Lab for L1 protocol development

As a proof-of-stake layer-1 protocol, ParallelChain intends to deliver an architecture that operates in confidentiality while allowing to validate transactions.

Digital asset investment firm GEM Digital Limited (GEM) has committed $50 million to finance ParallelChain Lab following the launch of its mainnet and native token listing, XPLL, in Q4 2022.

As a proof-of-stake (PoS) layer-1 protocol, ParallelChain aims to bridge the infrastructure divide between centralized (CeFi) and decentralized finance (DeFi). The soon-to-be-launched ParallelChain Mainnet is open source and based on a PoS consensus mechanism dedicated to maintaining a fair distribution of power.

The permissioned ParallelChain Enterprise, on the other hand, will ensure the secrecy of transactions using a patented Proof-of-Immutability mechanism. The two platforms, together, intend to deliver an architecture that operates in confidentiality while allowing to validate transactions. Speaking about the innovation, ParallelChain CEO Ian Huang stated:

“We see this solution as the answer to enterprises’ privacy and compliance demands while simultaneously addressing the need for scalability across many public applications, namely DeFi.”

GEM’s $50 million investment in ParallelChain is planned to be redirected to market expansion, community development, research and development and funding of decentralized projects and decentralized app (DApp) developers.

Related: Sports metaverse company secures $200M funding

Showcasing the diverse interest of crypto investors, institutional crypto lending protocol Maple Finance announced its commitment of up to $300 million in secured debt financing to public and private Bitcoin (BTC) mining firms.

Mining firms from North America and Australia that meet the treasury management and power strategies standards are eligible to apply for the funding. Sidney Powell, CEO and co-founder of Maple Finance, highlighted the recent pullback from lenders, adding that:

“Miners play an essential role in growing the crypto ecosystem and local economies, and we are proud to extend a new financing vehicle to direct capital where it is needed the most.”

As Cointelegraph reported, Maple currently holds 50% of the institutional crypto lending market as measured by total loans outstanding.

White House: America Will Be the Bitcoin Superpower of the World

Selling physical items as NFTs, explained

A growing number of physical items are being immortalized in NFT form. What are the opportunities here... and the challenges that need to be addressed?

Where are the challenges that face the NFT sector in the future being discussed?

Mattereum is hosting a dedicated event to discuss physical asset NFTs on Sept. 21.

The meetup begins at 6pm London time — that's 7pm in Berlin, 1pm in New York, and 10am in California.

A previous event was held in July 2022, and set out how coveted high-value assets such as red wine, fine art and real estate could benefit from Mattereum's approach to NFTs.

With an ever-growing number of blue-chip companies exploring this space, adoption among everyday consumers will continue to skyrocket. Mattereum is determined to ensure that the industry gets off on the right foot, with investor protection a number one priority.

Learn more about Mattereum

Disclaimer. Cointelegraph does not endorse any content or product on this page. While we aim at providing you with all important information that we could obtain, readers should do their own research before taking any actions related to the company and carry full responsibility for their decisions, nor can this article be considered as investment advice.

What happens if something goes wrong?

Typically, disputes will end up going through the courts — but this can have mixed success.

It's easy to forget that NFTs remain a nascent technology, and this means that legal systems still lack understanding about how they work. This may mean that the nuance surrounding digital assets may get missed during civil action… but those in the lawsuit will still have to contend with hefty legal bills.

Mattereum — a new protocol that delivers transferable proofs of digital ownership — aims to do things differently. It offers its customers the legal technical capability to create Trustable NFTs for their physical assets, and legally binding mechanisms for dispute resolution that can be enforced in over 160 jurisdictions around the world. Such smart contracts establish a bond between ownership of the NFT and ownership of the physical asset, whether it's six bottles of red wine, a luxury car or a rare instrument.

While it may appear that this approach takes more time at first, it can have advantages. Offering valid authenticity documentation can significantly increase an asset's value — and boost the likelihood of a sale. It also creates a solid legal framework for the future.

What are the safeguards in place to prevent scams?

It's crucial to ensure that an asset's authenticity, provenance, condition and ownership rights can be verified — giving buyers confidence in what they're buying.

Standards across the NFT industry can help here. When the physical items that back an NFT go into a vault, it's crucial to be crystal clear on who will have the rights to take it out again. External auditors could also be tasked with assessing the background behind a transaction, and information about the condition of an item could be woven into metadata.

More than anything else, it's crucial for NFT platforms to gain a reputation for being trustworthy and credible. Not only is word of mouth a powerful marketing tool, but it can also assure consumers that they'll be in safe hands if they buy a collectible through one of these platforms.

Are there any big brands that are getting involved with physical NFTs?

Yes — and that's despite the bear market, which has seen trading volumes cool. More major companies are inevitably going to join in the future.

Nike has dominated the rankings when it comes to mainstream brands generating revenue from NFTs. Recent research shows the sportswear giant has netted a whopping $185 million in revenue after delving headfirst into the world of digital sneakers — in part thanks to a canny acquisition of the Web3 studio RTFKT.

But Nike's efforts aren't just about ensuring that avatars in the Metaverse look good in cutting-edge virtual threads. It's also been dabbling in NFT collections that accompany digital designs with a real-world version of the sneakers they buy. This could shape up to be a new wave for the fashion industry — and the innovation doesn't stop here.

Another particularly desirable memento for music fans relates to ticket stubs after they've been to a concert — a lasting memory they can stick on their wall that says "I was there." Ticketmaster is now dabbling in establishing NFT tickets that can serve as a commemoration of memorable gigs, immortalized forever on the blockchain. Other forms of technology, known as Proof of Attendance Protocols (or POAPs) could take this concept even further.

Could this help modernize the lucrative world of collectibles?

Yes — and potentially ramp up safety in the process.

Sports memorabilia remains incredibly popular — with Pokemon cards also enjoying something of a renaissance in recent years.

NFTs can be used to create digital representations of items that exist in the real world. This can help clamp down on counterfeiting, and create a crystal-clear record of ownership. 

Some crypto companies have been established which even offer custody services for blue-chip collectibles — ensuring they're kept in a safe place and in mint condition. While this may sound counterintuitive at first, this can prove especially compelling if you regard memorabilia as an investment opportunity.

It can also streamline the process of auctions in secondary markets.

How is it possible to sell real-world items as NFTs?

Practically anything can be tokenized these days — and several companies have already started transforming physical items into nonfungible tokens.

Perhaps one of the biggest and most compelling use cases to emerge so far concerns property. If you've ever bought a place before, you'll know how arduous and time consuming this process is — with reams upon reams of paperwork and antiquated systems.

NFTs are being touted as a way of modernizing how things are done, with ownership being duly recorded on the blockchain. This can speed things up, reduce disputes, and help clamp down on fraud, too.

This also opens up the door to house purchases being made with cryptocurrencies instead of fiat — and a number of businesses, especially in Miami, have sprung up in recent months to bring this to reality.

White House: America Will Be the Bitcoin Superpower of the World

Blurring the line between crypto and TradFi could redefine global finance

The merging of crypto and TradFi is inevitable, with the latter potentially mitigating the volatility permeating the digital asset industry.

Despite the current struggle in the global economy, the gap between traditional finance (TradFi) and crypto seems to be closing with each passing day. 

For example, earlier this month, Vienna-based fintech unicorn Bitpanda announced that it was adding commodities to its list of investment options, thus allowing investors to rake in profits from short-term price fluctuations related to traditional instruments such as oil, natural gas and wheat.

In a recent interview with Cointelegraph, the company’s CEO, Eric Demuth, noted that the bear market had had no major impact on investor demand. He claims that more people are now looking for solutions that can bring the world of TradFi and decentralized finance (DeFi) together.

Not only that, there are lessons to be learned about what works out best for consumers operating within both realms. For example, while TradFi platforms can improve their accessibility and transparency mechanisms, DeFi ecosystems can learn a lot about risk mitigation from traditional finance entities.

Furthermore, with statistical data showing that more than 300 million individuals now own some cryptocurrency, more and more players from the two worlds are beginning to arrive at a middle ground. For example, many major institutions worldwide have been adopting crypto at breakneck speeds, with a recent research study showing that 76% of all major financial institutions will most likely be making use of digital assets within the next 36 months.

Is the confluence of TradFi and crypto imminent?

According to Victor Tran, co-founder and CEO of Kyber Network — a liquidity hub powering the Ethereum-based decentralized exchange (DEX) KyberSwap — it is only logical that traditional finance players are turning toward crypto since they want to increase their market share within an exponentially growing industry — one that has been witnessing more and more peer-to-peer (P2P) and commercial transactions by the day. 

By the same token, he highlighted that DeFi, too, is experimenting with more use cases, those that can maximize market participation as well as help boost transaction volumes, adding:

“It’s all about giving users benefits. We believe that TradFi and DeFi can co-exist synergistically and provide users unparalleled access, control and choice. Greater institutional participation, security measures and use cases will create choice, excitement and confidence for users. Sustainable overall liquidity in the market with institutional participation will also help with the challenges of volatile liquidity during downturns.”

Furthermore, Tran believes that privacy-focused noncustodial solutions will become mainstream soon, with multichain, secure DEXs such as KyberSwap laying the bedrock for such a transparency-oriented economy. “Addressing users’ security wants, and pain points are always first priority,” he concluded.

Jazear Brooks, CEO and founder of omni-chain DEX SifChain, shared a somewhat similar opinion, telling Cointelegraph that crypto and TradFi markets have been circling each other for the past few years, with many individuals from the latter having already joined the digital currency bandwagon after realizing that the best crypto projects can massively out-earn almost all of their conventional finance counterparts. He added:

“The chaos of crypto markets due to the collective inexperience of the industry reflects a world of pitfalls that have already been mastered by TradFi. TradFi is the elder statesman in the room representing timeless virtues of profitable investing in an unpredictable world.”

Brooks closed out by saying that the protective mechanisms of corporate governance can be combined with the populist, fast-paced, communal benefits of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) to create a holistic finance system, one that is fair, transparent and inclusive in nature. “We’ll see market efficiencies increased as trad-fi systems are reimagined to import crypto values, and those market efficiencies can then generate additional societal value,” he opined. 

Crypto and TradFi stand to benefit each other

Nicola Onassis, co-founder and CEO of regulated investment platform Rebuschain, told Cointelegraph that the integration of crypto into TradFi — and vice versa — can be seen as the natural evolution for both environments, especially as the two domains stand to help each other. In his view, DeFi has created new investment opportunities that don’t exist within traditional markets, allowing more people to accrue wealth for themselves, adding:

“The crypto sector can sometimes be hard to make inroads into, especially for those sitting on the fence. That’s why it is vital for platforms to be created that allow users to participate in these novel investment forms with ease. The goal on both sides is to generate more revenue and investments by working together, they have a chance to increase that outcome exponentially since there is no conflict.” 

He further highlighted that, as things stand, investors unfamiliar with the crypto market have to deal with platforms that can often be difficult to use. However, everyone can benefit immensely by bringing players from the traditional realm and fostering new ecosystems that provide a more user-friendly experience. “Having a platform that takes out all of the operational complexities and minimizes risks will increase confidence and adoption,” Onassis stated.

Lastly, he thinks that it is important that regulators allow crypto and TradFi to come together and create viable solutions for their customers instead of complicating things by introducing unnecessary regulations. “Regulators giving fair, specific and clear rules can push the crypto sector forward. The crypto industry should work with regulators to achieve these results,” he said.

Could this reduce market volatility?

Maximiliano Stochyk, head of marketing for ChainPort.io — a permissionless blockchain bridge for crypto tokens — told Cointelegraph that the confluence of crypto and traditional finance will not only allow non-tech savvy investors to make their way into the crypto sector but also introduce a level of stability previously unwitnessed in the digital asset space.

He noted the already growing list of mainstream financial institutions that are offering their clients the option of buying crypto using their fiat assets, among other similar options. “The fintech’s that offer debit cards are also acting as major gateways to mass adoption,” Stochyk stated.

Stochyk said that for mass crypto adoption to happen in the near-to-mid-term, the two spaces need to co-exist with one another. And much like Onassis, he also believes that regulation is right around the corner, with companies now needing to act accordingly to help introduce more confidence within this space:

“Building products that are ready to comply with regulations is the way to go. The merging of crypto and TradFi will bring a lot of new institutional investors and also a lot of retail investors who don’t want to invest in crypto. When it comes to centralized and decentralized, you can’t live without the other, you will always need a centralized exchange to withdraw money to your bank for example. So, they all need to coexist.”

Therefore, as the world continues to gravitate toward an economic landscape that favors the ethos of decentralization/transparency, it will be interesting to see how players from the crypto and conventional finance ecosystems continue to synthesize their goals and create a new paradigm that allows users to enjoy the best of both worlds.

White House: America Will Be the Bitcoin Superpower of the World

Can the Metaverse exist without blockchain?

Read this article to understand why a metaverse can thrive and scale better on blockchain rails.

So, is blockchain ready to take on the Metaverse journey?

In essence, the ideal metaverse must be on blockchain rails, which mandates inclusive incentives centered around creators and users while still offering immersive and seamless virtual experiences.

The Metaverse is not just about the experiential elements; it is also about the economic aspects. The financial incentives must be centered around the real value creators. Those who create content, and regularly interact and transact on the platform are the ones who are creating value.

While the economic model possibilities are exciting, and several hopeful glimpses of these possibilities have emerged, there are significant technical challenges to overcome. The deficiencies in user experiences need to be addressed too.

In the short term, a few scalable Web2 versions of the Metaverse would embrace the Web2 ethos of incentivizing participants. As blockchain matures, more hybrid models would emerge, where Web2 elements bring scalability and user experience, and blockchain takes care of incentivization. A fully scalable on-chain Metaverse may seem utopian now, but it would be the ideal way to build the future internet.

Purchase a licence for this article. Powered by SharpShark.

Blockchain challenges in delivering the Metaverse

The Metaverse of the future sounds great, but is it all just hype? Serious technological, experiential and economic model headwinds need to be addressed for the Metaverse narrative to come true.

Blockchain suffers from scalability, interoperability and security challenges. Even the best chains with meaningful user bases can handle only about 50,000 transactions per second. The internet has millions of data interactions per second in emails, tweets, posts, Google searches, messages and more.

This comparison assumes that data interactions in a metaverse must be on-chain. As cryptographic techniques (like zero-knowledge Rollups) get better at addressing scalability challenges, the economic features will rightly take the limelight to create new Metaverse-based models for the future.

Apart from the scalability challenges, there are major interoperability issues across blockchains. This is particularly related to bridges used to transfer value from one blockchain to another.

Many cyber attacks on Web3 platforms have occurred through these bridges. The Ronin bridge attack and Solana wormhole bridge attack are examples. Interoperability is an ample opportunity within Web3 but it is equally a vulnerability that needs to be addressed.

These blockchain infrastructure layer challenges keep returning to haunt the ecosystem. One of the more recent issues is creating a sustainable economic model of the Metaverse. While GameFi has been leveraged as a growth hack to attract users, a scalable token model is yet to be identified.

To date, there have been many failed economic models that have informed and inspired new models and economic approaches. Yet, innovators in this space are at least a cycle away from identifying a sustainable model.

The last headwind is that of user experience. VR hardware and the Web3 onboarding user experience need to be more seamless to attract hardcore gamers, creators and users into the Metaverse.

Why would blockchain fix the internet?

The internet handles several million data transactions per second. The blockchain infrastructure is in its technological infancy compared to the current iteration of the internet. Yet, blockchain is not just an infrastructure layer; it is an economic layer too. These economic features of the blockchain can potentially address the challenges of the internet.

In a blockchain-based world, the tokenomics of a metaverse (the new internet) platform allows more inclusive incentives. These metaverse applications can be inclusive from a shareholding (governance token) and user incentivization (utility token) perspective.

Active participants in the metaverse ecosystems often hold utility tokens. For instance, participants in a gaming metaverse earn their utility tokens by playing and creating games. Participants in an art metaverse earn tokens by creating art and being ambassadors of art by writing useful reviews.

The Metaverse allows participants to earn as users and creators of the platforms. As long as participants in these ecosystems keep creating value, they are incentivized. As these participants generate more value in an ecosystem, they accrue credentials and become influencers.

Yet, if an influencer in one Web3 metaverse wants to create a profile on another ecosystem, they should be able to carry their friends and network along with them. Ecosystem credentials such as “XP” (experience points) in a gaming platform should not get carried along as they are ecosystem specific.

The fundamental ethos is that users own their credibility and network, not the platforms.

The other fundamental design construct of the Metaverse is nonfungible tokens (NFTs). NFTs offer value permanence. When a gamer buys an in-game asset in a Web2 game, they offer a revenue opportunity to the game studio. They don’t own the asset. That changes in the blockchain world.

NFTs not only offer users the ability to create, buy and sell Metaverse assets but also allows them to accumulate ecosystem credentials in the form of “soul-bound tokens.” Soul-bound tokens behave like credit scores in financial services and as Metaverse users accumulate more, they tend to accrue more value faster.

Why do we need a new internet?

Our current internet is inadequate. Incentives are skewed toward a limited set of stakeholders, creators get exploited and users have very little control over their data. Can the new version of the internet change that?

The internet has been built and evangelized through applications like Google, Meta (previously Facebook), Instagram and Amazon. These applications deploy several techniques to grab users’ attention, and monetize that when they have it. Despite creating monetizable value through these apps, users get a very tiny slice of the value accruing to them.

Even when users who have created value receive very little money, the applications that grabbed the users’ attention have generated wealth for themselves and their shareholders — several trillion dollars. The internet must be more inclusive for this to change.

This is not because of the applications, themselves, but because they were bred in a capitalist ecosystem. Here, the winners take all the value and the wealth. It is okay for this to happen with the new internet, as long as “winners” has a more inclusive definition.

The other key challenge with the current internet is the exploitation of content creators. The internet has left us overfed with content. Yet even high-quality content creators seldom get paid their due. The platforms and intermediaries that offer web-shelf space to these content creators make most of the money. This needs to change; the internet must be more creator-friendly.

Apart from skewed incentive mechanisms, the current internet also takes user data for granted. Internet users have very little control over their data and their network. Why would a user need to start from scratch to build their network when they move from Facebook to Twitter? This needs to change and the Metaverse is the change.

Does the Metaverse need to be on a blockchain?

Blockchain-based solutions have seen financial, legal, gaming and social applications, albeit at a relatively small scale over the last few years. However, whether the blockchain infrastructure layer will be a must-have for the growth of the Metaverse narrative remains unanswered.

The answer to that question depends on how we define the Metaverse. Some definitions of the Metaverse focus only on its experiential elements. The word Metaverse often makes us imagine wearing a virtual reality (VR) headset and going through an immersive experience in a virtual world.

This is not all wrong, but it is an incomplete definition of a Metaverse. The Metaverse is expected to be a futuristic version of the internet. That is a great vision, but why do we need a new internet? The answer to that lies in the answer to another question — do we need blockchain for the Metaverse?

White House: America Will Be the Bitcoin Superpower of the World