Bitcoin Ordinals creator Casey Rodarmor pitches BRC-20 alternative ‘Runes’

September 26, 2023 Coin Telegraph

Bitcoin Ordinals inventor Casey Rodarmor says a fungible token protocol like Runes wouldn’t leave as much “junk” on the Bitcoin network as that of BRC-20 tokens.

The inventor of Bitcoin Ordinals is proposing a new Bitcoin-based fungible token protocol as a potential alternative to the BRC-20 token standard.

The BRC-20 standard was launched in March by an anonymous developer “Domo.” Within two months, the BRC-20 market cap reached $1 billion, with PEPE and ORDI among the most notable BRC-20 tokens created on Bitcoin.

New terrible idea just dropped: Runes.

A worse-is-better fungible token protocol for Bitcoin.https://t.co/TPVrUvWxm8
— Casey (@rodarmor) September 25, 2023

BRC-20 enables the minting and transfer of fungible tokens via the Ordinals protocol on Bitcoin. But the issue with BRC-20 tokens is that they spam Bitcoin with “junk” Unspent Transaction Outputs or UTXOs, argued Rodarmor.

BRC-20 tokens have the “undesirable consequence of UTXO proliferation,” he explained in a Sept. 25 post, proposing Runes as a UTXO-based alternative.

“Protocols that are UTXO-based fit more naturally into Bitcoin and promote UTXO set minimization by avoiding the creation of "junk" UTXOs.”

TLDR on Runes - A potential fungible token protocol for Bitcoin

ᚱᚢᚾᛖᛊ

- Casey remains skeptical, citing "99.9% are scams and memes," but recognises they don't appear to be going away.
- Employs a UTXO-based system, notably simpler than BRC-20.
- Uses the letter 'R' in the… https://t.co/zYP43f70gh
— Franken (@ItsFranken) September 25, 2023

“If this protocol had a small on-chain footprint and encouraged responsible UTXO management, it might serve as harm reduction compared to existing protocols,” Rodarmor added.

UTXOs represent the amount of cryptocurrency left in a wallet following a completed transaction, where the balance is used in subsequent transactions and is stored in the UTXO database.

Bitcoin’s UTXO model plays a role in making Bitcoin an auditable and transparent ledger by preventing the double spending problem.

Rodarmor said other fungible token protocols on Bitcoin, such as Really Good for Bitcoin, Counterparty and Omni Layer have problems of their own.

*Rodarmor’s problems with existing fungible token protocols on Bitcoin: Source: Casey Rodarmor.*

While Rodarmor admitted 99.9% of fungible tokens are filled with scams and memes, he believes the right fungible token protocol can add value to the Bitcoin network:

“Creating a good fungible token protocol for Bitcoin might bring significant transaction fee revenue, developer mindshare, and users to Bitcoin.”

In a Sept. 25 Twitter Spaces with The Ordinals Show co-host Trevor Owens, Rodarmor said he came up with the Runes idea last week and that he wasn’t sure whether he would pursue it any further.

Shortly after the call, Owens floated offering $100,000 from the Bitcoin Frontier Fund to prospective developers that can create a Rune application up and running as a means to further Rodarmor’s proposal.

Open $100k investment offer in upcoming @BTCFrontierFund accelerator for first team who can get a working (not terrible) Rune indexer, issuance and/or transfer app, up live and running

Don't make the tickers required to be unique, will be a shit show

DM me. Serious offer. pic.twitter.com/6W0IwlhB9x
— trevor.btc (@TO) September 26, 2023

Cointelegraph reached out to Rodarmor for comment but did not receive an immediate response.

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Ordinals still make up majority of Bitcoin txs despite price collapse

August 21, 2023 Coin Telegraph

Bitcoin network

Bitcoin Ordinals appear to be alive and kicking with nearly 85% of network activity dominated by inscriptions and BRC-20 minting on Aug. 21.

Ordinal inscriptions have continued to dominate activity on the Bitcoin network over the past week despite the cryptocurrency’s recent price decline and suggestions that the hype around Bitcoin NFTs have “died.”

On Aug. 21, Ordinals developer "Leonidas" pointed out that Bitcoin had 530,788 transactions over the past 24 hours, with 450,785 of those transactions being Ordinals related.

“In the midst of everyone claiming "Ordinals are dead" they have literally accounted for 84.9% of the activity on Bitcoin,” he said.

Over the past 24 hours Bitcoin had 530,788 transactions.

450,785 of those transactions were Ordinals related.

In the midst of everyone claiming "Ordinals are dead" they have literally accounted for 84.9% of the activity on Bitcoin.

You can't make this stuff up.
— Leonidas (@LeonidasNFT) August 20, 2023

Data from Dune Analytics backs up the trend as it reports that there were more than 400,000 ordinal inscriptions on Aug. 20, while Bitinfocharts reports a daily Bitcoin transaction count of around 556,000.

This means that more than three-quarters of the current network activity was Ordinals related on Aug. 20.

85% of on-chain bitcoin transactions in the past 24 hours are ordinals related

EIGHTY FIVE PERCENT

the main usecase of the bitcoin chain is ORDINALS pic.twitter.com/PCZt4if5jf
— Udi Wertheimer (@udiWertheimer) August 20, 2023

Industry researcher Eric Wall added to that, observing that over the week, 54% of the transactions on the Bitcoin network were Ordinals.

According to Dune, the total number of Ordinal inscriptions is 25.5 million which has generated $53.4 million in fees on the Bitcoin network.

Inscriptions are currently dominated by BRC-20 token minting, with 1.9 million of them minted last week.

Weekly Inscriptions by Type - Dune Analytics

The recent observations paint a different picture to a DappRadar report on Aug. 17 that claimed that Ordinals NFT usage and sales volume had tanked since its peak in May, prompting some crypto observers to declare the hype as having “died down.”

However, this hype has died down in recent months, which has likely contributed to the decline in #trading volume.
What does the future hold for #Bitcoin Ordinals NFTs?

It is unclear what the future holds for Bitcoin Ordinals NFTs.
— Cheeky Crypto (@CheekyCrypto) August 20, 2023

However, the report tracked the sales and trading volume of NFTs minted on the Bitcoin network, not the actual inscription activity which still appears to be high.

Bitcoin Ordinals are nonfungible asset artifacts that enable inscribing data onto a Satoshi, the smallest division of a Bitcoin.

The protocol was launched in January and the following months saw the inscription hype take off as thousands of them were minted on the Bitcoin network causing congestion and spikes in transaction fees which reached a peak in April and May.

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Wallet providers introduce BRC-20 token support despite market drawdown

June 21, 2023 Coin Telegraph

BitKeep

There are currently more than 34,000 types of BRC-20 tokens in circulation.

On June 21, self-custody wallet provider BitKeep announced support for BRC-20 tokens issued on the Bitcoin network. With the feature, users can view, rank and transfer BRC-20 tokens and nonfungible tokens (NFTs). Developers also stated BRC-20 in-wallet swaps are coming “in [the] future."

Last month, cryptocurrency exchange OKX also announced support for BRC-20 assets via the OKX Wallet app. Many centralized and decentralized exchanges have also rolled out BRC-20 support.

Although bullish on its outlook, Trust Wallet currently does not support BRC-20 tokens. They also cannot currently be stored on MetaMask.

Best wallet for your #BRC20 assets!
️ Great news: BitKeep now supports #BTC #Taproot addresses! Easily manage your #Ordinals BRC20 Token/NFT assets in BitKeep wallet, and complete transactions with a simple click
In future, we will also support the BRC20 #Swap function! pic.twitter.com/W48wsNH5kh
— BitKeep Wallet (@BitKeepOS) June 21, 2023

Despite adoption, however, the current market cap of BRC-20 tokens is $154.5 million, representing a nearly 85% decline from its all-time high in May during the peak of the memecoin craze. Although originally aided by investor interest in minting BRC-20 NFTs, the vast majority of BRC-20 tokens’ market cap currently consists of memecoins such as WZRD, PIZA and PEPE.

As told by BitKeep, BRC-20 is a new token standard that utilizes Ordinals and Inscriptions to create new assets on Bitcoin (BTC). Ordinals enable the creation of fungible tokens on top of Bitcoin. Meanwhile, Inscriptions allow users to create unique digital assets on the Bitcoin blockchain. Together, they form the BRC-20 token standard that allows users to deploy, mint and transfer Bitcoin assets.

Unlike the ERC-20 token standard, BRC-20 tokens cannot perform complex functions and are limited to the three aforementioned features. The protocol was created by Twitter user Domo on March 8, 2023. Since then, 34,652 BRC-20 token types have been deployed. In comparison, there could be as many as 400 million ERC-20 tokens on Ethereum. Domo has personally stated that the BRC-20 standard is “worthless” and that users should “not waste money mass minting” this “fun experiment."

Magazine: Ordinals turned Bitcoin into a worse version of Ethereum: Can we fix it?

Ordinals sends LTC and DOGE network activity surging for 3 straight weeks

May 22, 2023 Coin Telegraph

bitcoin ordinals

Move over Bitcoin, Ordinals on Litecoin and Dogecoin have unleashed a frenzy of transactions.

What began with developer Casey Rodarmor creating the Ordinals protocol to “inscribe” text and imagery on the Bitcoin (BTC) network has now made its way to Litecoin (LTC) and Dogecoin (DOGE), sending transaction volume on thosechains surging for the better part of a month.

*Recent network activity on Litecoin and Dogecoin networks. Source: BitInfoCharts*

On May 18, Dogecoin reached a new transaction volume record, with 1.2 million transactions in a single 24-hour period, according to data from BitInfoCharts. Similarly, on May 10, Litecoin reached its highest ever daily transaction volume with 584,000 transactions.

Ordinals first arrived on Litecoin after pseudonymous Twitter user Indigo Nakamoto offered 5 LTC — worth approximately $500 at the time — to anyone who could “port” the Ordinals protocol to the Litecoin network.

5 $LTC to whoever ports this to #Litecoin #Bitcoin #Ordinals https://t.co/7X4JfMzq97
— Indigo Nakamoto (@indigo_nakamoto) February 11, 2023

Some eight days later, on Feb. 19, software engineer Anthony Guerrera succeeded and launched the Litecoin Ordinals protocol. In a similar way, DOGE enthusiasts copied the Ordinals protocol to create the same functionality on Dogecoin, choosing to name the new protocol “Doginals”.

However, what really drove network activity on Litecoin and Dogecoin to new heights was the later introduction of the respective LRC-20 and DRC-20 token standards in early May, which allowed users to create and issue entirely new memecoins on the two networks.

The monumental influx of activity on LTC and DOGE came around the same time that the Ordinals inscription on the Bitcoin network went into overdrive, with a record 400,000 daily inscriptions on May 10.

*Ordinals inscriptions on Bitcoin since December 2022. Source:* *Dune Analytics*

The uptick in Bitcoin Ordinals inscriptions can be directly attributed to the introduction of the BRC-20 token standard, which — according to data from Ordinals scanner brc-20.io — has seen more than 24,000 new tokens minted on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Magazine: Ordinals turned Bitcoin into a worse version of Ethereum — Can we fix it?

Are ZK-proofs the answer to Bitcoin’s Ordinal and BRC-20 problem?

May 15, 2023 Coin Telegraph

Bitcoin

Zero-knowledge proofs could be a viable means to address recent network congestion and high fees on the Bitcoin blockchain.

The Bitcoin (BTC) network has faced a litmus test in recent weeks due to the increased demands of Ordinals and BRC-20 tokens being inscribed onto the preeminent blockchain.

The resulting increase in fees and transaction congestion has left the wider Bitcoin community frustrated, considering that some BRC-20 tokens involve meme tokens that have attracted billions of dollars in capital in recent weeks.

The Ethereum ecosystem has benefitted from the development of scaling solutions that have brought massive improvements in network capacity and processing ability. Zero-knowledge proofs (zk-proofs) in particular have grabbed headlines over the past few months, with a number of projects adopting the scaling technology.

Cointelegraph spoke exclusively to Eli Ben-Sasson, the co-founder of Ethereum-focused StarkWare and the pioneer of zk-STARKs (zero-knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge), to explore whether the technology could be the answer to Bitcoin’s latest challenge.

Zk-proofs are cryptographic protocols that allow a party to prove a statement or data is true without revealing any information. The technology assures privacy and security while adding capacity to blockchains in particular, by reducing the computational load needed to verify transactions and other data and information stored on chain.

The renowned mathematician and cryptographer credits Bitcoin for starting his journey of exploration around the promise of validity, cryptographic and zero-knowledge proofs to improve blockchain technology. Highlighting the "deeply entwined" nature of the scaling solutions and blockchains, Ben-Sasson summed up the potential for zk-proofs to benefit the Bitcoin network:

“Validity proofs and STARKs allow you in a very efficient way to use the integrity of math to extend the orbit of integrity that a blockchain covers to invite anyone to participate and add more capacity to the network.”

Bitcoin’s blockchain will continue to act as an inner circle of integrity, while zk-proofs extend the origin of integrity and bring in more capacity, creating what Ben-Sasson described as a "positive flywheel" effect:

“The more capacity you bring, the more social functions can be used, even if it's money, you can do micro payments, or you can add new things if you allow smart contracts. And then there's more trust in the system and it adds more value.”

Ben-Sasson reiterated his belief that the Bitcoin network could see greater integrity and efficiency from the mathematical benefits afforded by validity proofs. He added that the likes of Bitcoin developers Greg Maxwell, Gavin Andresen and Mike Hearn had been early proponents of STARK transparent proofs of validity and privacy, which do not require trusted setup and remain quantum secure.

The potential for Bitcoin, which first and foremost acts as decentralized hard money, to allow more general forms of computation and social functions remains a discussion point for its community. For Ben-Sasson, the potential of incorporating zk-proofs is clearly being driven by the demand in the market for extra functionality on top of Bitcoin that is being powered by BRC-20 tokens:

“For it (BRC-20) to really have the level of integrity that is offered by Bitcoin, there must be a hard fork that allows these things to be verified and validated and have the integrity of Bitcoin. And that's a huge decision and a huge debate point.”

As previously reported by Cointelegraph, ZeroSync Association is a newly formed startup that is developing zk-proof powered tools allowing users to validate the state of the Bitcoin network without having to download the blockchain or trust a third party for verification.

ZeroSync’s validity proof allows users to verify Bitcoin’s chain state instantly, removing the need to download over 500GB of blockchain data currently required to sync a Bitcoin node.

ZeroSync co-founder Robin Linus told Cointelegraph that its chain state proof does not solve network congestion directly, but would remove the need for users to download inscriptions that have been clogging up the Bitcoin blockchain.

However zk-proofs still hold promise in helping remedy current network congestion. Linus said ZeroSync has also developed a Bitcoin client-side validation protocol dubbed zkCoins, which allows processing up to 100 token transactions per second:

“It uses inscriptions, but the on-chain footprint is much lower than BRC-20, and it does not bloat the UTXO set.”

Linus added that a SNARK (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) verifier on Bitcoin’s main layer could enable an entire spectrum of scaling solutions including zk-rollups, trustless bridges to sidechains as well as the potential to peg BTC onto zkCoins to enhance privacy and increase throughput:

“It's fantastic to see that validity proofs are gaining more traction in the Bitcoin community now. People have already started discussing a new opcode on the bitcoin-dev mailing list.”

Linus also noted that other Bitcoin layer-2 scaling solutions such as the Lightning Network, Fedimint and Chashu, which are privacy-preserving custodians based on Chaumian eCash, have seen increased interest following network congestion driven by Ordinals and BRC-20 minting.

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Bitcoin ‘under siege’ by BRC-20 coins as fees soar, claims analyst

May 10, 2023 Coin Telegraph

Bitcoin

Bitcoin transactions and fees are at high levels, and 400,000 of them are still unconfirmed on the blockchain.

Increased fees and a backlog of transactions are besieging the Bitcoin (BTC) network, and it’s due to a popular new “token” standard, according to a CryptoQuant analyst.

Axel Adler Jr, an analyst with the crypto data firm, explained on May 9 that BRC-20 memecoin minting on the BTC blockchain is causing the surge in block space demand, adding:

“Unlike conventional token standards, such as Ethereum's ERC-20, BRC-20 does not utilize smart contracts and operates only with wallets supporting the Bitcoin blockchain.”

According to CryptoQuant, the average fee per transaction has skyrocketed, exceeding $16 and peaking at $29 on May 9.

Bitcoin under siege from BRC-20 "junk" coins: record fees and thousands of unconfirmed transactions!

"Unlike conventional token standards, such as Ethereum's ERC-20, BRC-20 does not utilize smart contracts and operates only with wallets supporting the #Bitcoin blockchain."
by… pic.twitter.com/yCsrXGM38H
— CryptoQuant.com (@cryptoquant_com) May 9, 2023

Data from Bitinfocharts similarly reported a spike in the average transaction fees, recording a jump to $31 on May 8 compared to around $19 the day prior.

On May 8, the total fees per block temporarily exceeded the block subsidy reward of 6.25 BTC for the first time since 2017.

On May 9, Bitinfochart data recorded a new all-time high on the seven-day moving average for the number of Bitcoin transactions, hitting a top of 534,000.

However, the figure could actually be higher than that, with Bitinfocharts recording two higher spikes over 600,000 daily transactions this month using raw values. On May 9, it recorded 598,000 BTC blockchain transactions.

Love em or hate em, ordinals are definitely shaking things up. The number of transactions on the #bitcoin blockchain reached a new all time high yesterday of 534,000. pic.twitter.com/NTWmPsdiLw
— Mati Greenspan (@MatiGreenspan) May 9, 2023

Blockchain.com has confirmed the data reporting that the average transactions per block are also at an all-time high of 3,778.

*Average transactions per block.* *Source:* *Blockchain.com*

According to Mempool Space, there are currently 400,000 unconfirmed transactions pending on the network, so the backlog is not clearing, which is keeping transaction prices elevated.

On May 9, the total market capitalization of BRC-20 tokens surpassed $1 billion, as reported by Cointelegraph.

The problem has got so bad that Bitcoin core developers are mulling taking action against BRC-20 tokens and Ordinals, which they consider as network spam.

bitcoin-core devs want to kill ordinals & BRC-20s

Miners likely want to double down on ordinals & BRC-20s to increase fees and the value of private mempools

Ordinals & BRC-20 holders want the right to exist and pursue growth

Civil war https://t.co/QeoAHJpPN4
— Ryan Berckmans ryanb.eth (@ryanberckmans) May 9, 2023

Furthermore, the number of ordinal inscriptions has almost doubled, going from 2.5 million to 4.78 million in just over a week.

It is all good news for miners, though, as profitability, or hash price, has surged 66% since the beginning of the month.

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Ordinals inscriptions approach 4.8M, nearly doubling in just over a week

May 9, 2023 Coin Telegraph

bitcoin ordinals

The BRC-20 token frenzy has seen the number of Ordinals inscriptions on the Bitcoin network soar 92% in just eight days.

The number of Ordinals inscriptions on the Bitcoin (BTC) network has witnessed another meteoric rise, almost doubling from 2.5 million to 4.78 million in just the last eight days.

While the Ordinals protocol was initially used to mint images as non-fungible tokens (NFTs), users began to realize that they could use text-based inscriptions to create fungible tokens in a similar way to those minted via the ERC-20 token standard on the Ethereum (ETH) network.

*The total number of Bitcoin Ordinals inscriptions since December 14. Source: Dune Analytics*

These text-based inscriptions, now popularized as the BRC-20 token standard, have been the main cause of the massive uptick in Ordinals inscriptions on the Bitcoin blockchain.

As highlighted by Glassnode co-founder and chief technology officer Rafael Schultze-Kraft on Twitter, text-based inscriptions are now the most popular form of Ordinals inscription, with more than 2.8 million text-based inscriptions as of May 5.

8/ In fact, text inscriptions are now the most prominent Ordinal inscription type in the #Bitcoin network.

Text: 2.8M
Images: 650k
Video: 1.8k
Audio: 347
Other: 19k

Inscriptions dashboard: https://t.co/YKwAbthEXL pic.twitter.com/O12MZj0qLT
— Rafael Schultze-Kraft (@n3ocortex) May 4, 2023

More recent data from popular blockchain data hub Dune Analytics shows that since April 25, the overwhelming majority (99%) of all new Ordinals inscriptions have been text-based.

*Ordinals inscriptions by type since December 14. Source: Dune Analytics*

According to brc-20.io, a new tool that allows users to track BRC-20 tokens, there are currently a total of 14,200 new tokens hosted on the Bitcoin blockchain. Counted among the most popular Bitcoin-based tokens are “ordi”, “nals” and even a Bitcoin-based version of the now-notorious memecoin Pepe (PEPE) being listed at number 3 by total market cap.

*The total number of BRC-20 tokens currently available. Source:* *brc20.io*.

While the total market cap of BRC-20 tokens currently hover around the $700 million mark, digital asset investment firm Galaxy Digital asserts that the market for “Bitcoin NFTs” may reach $4.5 billion by 2025.

The rise of Ordinals over the last few months has continued to spark debate around whether Ordinals are ultimately a positive for the Bitcoin ecosystem.

Some Bitcoin proponents, such as Dan Held, claim that Ordinals offers a wider spread of financial use cases for Bitcoin, while more hardline Bitcoiners argue that Ordinals stray from the original vision of Satoshi Nakamoto, who intended for Bitcoin to be used as an electronic, peer-to-peer cash system.

Meanwhile, miners have enjoyed an enormous influx of revenue due to the transaction fees related to the burst of new activity on the network.

Binance Announces Lightning Network Withdrawal Implementation Amidst Bitcoin Network Congestion Issues

May 9, 2023 Bitcoin.com

Bitcoin Ordinals daily inscriptions surge due to ‘BRC-20 tokens’

April 3, 2023 Coin Telegraph

Bitcoin NFTs

The BRC-20 token standard utilizes Ordinal inscriptions to deploy token contracts, mint tokens and transfer tokens.

A new daily all-time high has been recorded for the number of Ordinals inscribed on the Bitcoin (BTC) network due to a recently launched “token standard” for the blockchain.

Bitcoin Ordinals reached 58,179 inscriptions on April 2, smashing the previous all-time high of 31,692 on March 9 by 83.5%, according to Dune Analytics data.

The surge is believed to be driven by the recent creation of “Bitcoin Request for Comment” (BRC-20) tokens on the Ordinals protocol by a pseudonymous on-chain analyst named Domo in early March.

*Daily count of Ordinals inscriptions shown in green. Source: Dune Analytics*

While Ordinals are nonfungible token (NFT)-like “digital artifacts” which carry data in the form of text, JPEG images, PDFs, video and audio formats on the Bitcoin network, the BRC-20 token standard utilizes Ordinal inscriptions to deploy token contracts, mint tokens, and transfer tokens — similar to Ethereum’s ERC-20 token standard.

Yes. The spike has been primarily caused by the uptick in interest around BRC-20.
— Leonidas.og (@LeonidasNFT) April 2, 2023

The arrival of Ordinals and BRC-20 tokens on Bitcoin were enabled by the Taproot soft fork, which took effect on Nov. 14, 2021.

Over 55,000 of the inscriptions on April 2 came in the form of text-based Ordinals, many of which were represented by BRC-20 tokens, according to “Leonidis.og,” the host of an Ordinals-focused podcast.

*BRC-20 tokens — which are categorized as text-based Ordinals — are the most commonly inscribed Ordinal on Bitcoin. Source:* *Dune Analytics.*

Leonidis explained in a tweet that the spike on April 2 came on the back of new tools used to interact with BRC-20 tokens launched in the last few days.

“There was a lot of excitement around BRC-20 when it launched a month ago but eventually the hyped died down. During the lull, devs built tools to make interacting with BRC-20 much easier and now we're seeing ATH interest. I've said it before and I will say it again. UX matters!”

Among those new tools include Ord.io, UniSat Wallet and BRC-20.io. According to BRC-20.io, 1,600 tokens have been created since the BRC-20 standard was created.

Among the most popular BRC-20 tokens include “pepe,” “ordi,” and “punk,” currently boasting respective market caps of $2.5 million, $2.1 million and $900,000.

Over 42,700 BRC–20 tokens have been minted in the last 24 hours, mostly coming from the tokens wzrd, domo, BAYC, meme and pups.

*Bitcoin tokens, through the BRC-20 standard, can now be bought and sold on marketplaces, similar to Ethereum ERC-20 tokens. Source:* *BRC-20.io*

While the market cap of BRC-20 tokens currently sits at less than $10 million, digital asset investment firm Galaxy Digital believes the “Bitcoin NFT” market may reach $4.5 billion by 2025.

Members of the Bitcoin community are still split on whether Ordinals is a good fit for the Bitcoin ecosystem. Proponents such as Dan Held suggest it offers more financial use cases on Bitcoin, while others say it’s straying away from Satoshi Nakamoto’s vision of Bitcoin as a peer-to-peer cash system.

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BRC-20

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