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Law Decoded: China FUD and false dichotomies, Sept. 20–27

Many in the crypto space are calling for the U.S. to assert its foundational principles by implementing crypto policies in opposition to China.

In the wake of yet another iteration of China’s enduring crackdown on cryptocurrency, a particularly influential narrative on Crypto Twitter suggests that by banning Bitcoin (BTC), China has definitively put itself on the dark side of the struggle, while the collective West must now resolutely throw its weight on the opposite side by embracing crypto.

Granted, this framework for thinking about the relationship between political power and decentralized finance is appealing for crypto allies. Yet the news coming out of the United States gives few reasons to believe that policymakers there see the situation this way.

It appears that U.S. elites are bent on preserving the incumbent financial order and restricting the growth of the digital asset space, if with a less heavy-handed toolset than their Chinese counterparts. This middle-of-the-road approach is more likely to land the U.S. somewhere in the center of the dark/light continuum spanning from China to the still-unattainable ideal of a society that had embraced a fully disintermediated financial system.

China’s many crypto bans

The Friday statement by the People’s Bank of China that caused a short-lived crypto market crash is at least the 19th instance of a noticeable FUD wave that could be traced back to the Asian superpower in the last 12 years. Not only do the hostile moves historically fail to deter the global growth of the crypto space — sometimes they spell massive advancements for Bitcoin and co. in the medium term.

U.S. regulators: More of the same

Over in the U.S., Securities and Exchange Commission Chair Gary Gensler sat down with The Washington Post’s David Ignatius to specifically talk crypto. We haven’t learned much new, as Gensler chose to resort to a collection of tired analogies (and a few newer ones) to double down on his controversial stance that most digital assets are securities. Talking about stablecoins, the SEC boss likened them to “poker chips at the casino.”

Meanwhile, the nation’s largest banking regulator, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, could finally get a permanent chief in Cornell professor Saule Omarova. Omarova is a vocal critic of both big banks and crypto — as something allegedly benefitting “the dysfunctional financial system we already have.” 

Enforcement against crypto infrastructure?

The Treasury Department last week added Russo-Czech over-the-counter crypto platform Suex to the list of Specially Designated Nationals with which U.S. persons are prohibited to deal. This marks the first time when a digital asset services provider gets targeted by U.S. sanctions.

Suex got punished for allegedly helping cybercriminals process ransomware payments. While it is unlikely that many legitimate U.S. individuals and businesses have been moving funds through this particular broker, the move can be indicative of the Biden administration’s emerging policy of targeting centralized venues of the digital asset ecosystem.

Price analysis 11/25: SPX, DXY, BTC, ETH, SOL, BNB, XRP, DOGE, ADA, AVAX

Huobi outlines plan for Chinese investors after halting crypto trading

Huobi Group co-founder Du Jun intends to safeguard all crypto assets on Chinese accounts before permanently closing them down by Dec. 31, 2021.

The uncertainties sparked by China’s blanket ban on crypto trading have taken a downturn as homegrown crypto exchanges such as Houbi take proactive measures to protect and return existing investments residing on the mainland. 

Speaking to Cointelegraph in this regard, Du Jun, co-founder of Huobi Group, said that the crypto exchange wants to ensure the safety of the users' assets as part of its social responsibility:

“Customers will be able to transfer their assets to other exchanges or wallets over the next few months. Specific measures and operating rules will be outlined in future announcements.”

Citing a possibility of a communication gap with Chinese investors amidst the ban, the crypto exchange is also working on other ways to protect customer assets until the users can move them to offshore exchanges or wallets.

Chinese investors amounted to more than 30% in terms of trading volumes prior to the crypto ban, but as Jun suggests, Huobi has seen increased adoption in the Southeast Asian and European markets. However, the exchange expects that “any short-term impact on Huobi revenues will be mitigated as our global business continues to grow.”

While observing the ban on crypto trades and mining as imposed by the People's Bank of China and other Chinese regulatory authorities, Jun plans to double down on Huobi’s compliance efforts and continue to build compliant operations on a global scale.

Crypto exchanges in mainland China, including Huobi, began stopping new customer registrations soon after a new crypto ban became effective on Sept. 24. Huobi later announced that all Chinese accounts from the mainland will be closed down by 24:00 UTC+8 on Dec. 31, 2021. 

Related: Crypto has recovered from China's FUD over a dozen times in the last 12 years

Historically, China has been responsible for the lion’s share of Bitcoin (BTC) mining. Given the lack of support from the ruling government, Chinese miners have continued to move off-shore into crypto-friendly jurisdictions.

According to a recent Cointelegraph report, the latest ban marks the Chinese regulators’ 19th attempt to curb Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies in the past 12 years. While the decision to ban crypto trades in China caused a few unwary investors to momentarily panic sell, Bitcoin price continues to show bullish signals given the proactive support from crypto exchanges and users across the globe.

Price analysis 11/25: SPX, DXY, BTC, ETH, SOL, BNB, XRP, DOGE, ADA, AVAX

Crypto has recovered from China’s FUD over a dozen times in the last 12 years

Since 2009, China and Hong Kong have "banned" or otherwise caused FUD in the crypto space on 18 separate occasions.

The price of Bitcoin fell 8% today following “breaking” (read: weeks old) news that the People’s Bank of China, or PBoC, had declared all cryptocurrency transactions illegal.

With that in mind, let's take a nostalgic look at the last 12 years of FUD out of China, and see if we can spot any patterns.

China banned 'virtual currencies' for the first time in 2009

1: Chinese regulators weren’t exactly crypto advocates prior to the 2017 ICO boom. When cryptocurrencies were still in their infancy, i.e. 2009, China’s Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Commerce barred the use of "virtual currency" for trading real world goods. Though not specifically targeting Bitcoin (BTC), the move did seemingly set the precedent for more than a decade of anti-crypto regulations.

The first Bitcoin-specific ban hit in 2013

2: In 2013, the People’s Bank of China, or PBoC, prevented Chinese financial institutions from handling BTC transactions and called crypto a currency without “real meaning.” The news caused the price of BTC to drop under $1,000 at a time when BTC China, or BTCC, was the largest crypto exchange by volume.

The asset returned to form within a few weeks.

Fake ban threats plagued 2014

2014 taught us that fake reports from PBoC regulators are sometimes just as effective as real ones.

3: In March, a fake news story published to the Sina Weibo website claimed China’s central bank planned to stop all Bitcoin transactions in the country starting in under a month. While the report turned out to be nonsense, it didn't stop Bitcoin's price from cascading.

4: At roughly the same time, China-based crypto exchange FXBTC said it would close its doors amid threats from regulators to ban exchanges. A combination of both incidents may have been responsible for Bitcoin's fall from $709 to as low as $346.

Though admittedly bloody, the price began to recover in short order and was back above $600 by the end of May.

A Chinese exchange hack briefly tanked prices in 2016

5: Though not directly controlled by China, major Hong Kong-based crypto exchange Bitfinex was the victim of one of the largest hacks in August 2016. Attackers stole roughly 119,756 BTC — worth more than $5 billion at the time of publication — and some of the funds are still being tracked to this day. At the time, news of the major exchange hack is thought to have caused the BTC price to drop more than 10% over two days.

By September however, prices had risen back to their pre-hack levels.

In 2017, China dropped crypto-related bans twice in a single month

6 & 7: In September, China's government officially banned exchanges from servicing users within the country, and the PBoC announced that Chinese citizens would not be allowed to fund initial coin offerings.

It took three months for Bitcoin to move from the $4,000s to a then-all-time high price of roughly $20,000.

8 & 9: The cryptocurrency was heading towards one of its biggest bull runs ever when BTCC said it was shutting down amid the government “ban,” (it's still in operation), and the PBoC deputy governor claiming “Bitcoin’s body” would float down the river one day.

Crypto was already on its way to recovery by this point, and experienced only minor dips.

Media reports led to a short crypto crisis of faith in 2018

10: In January 2018, reports circulated that Chinese nationals may have caused a crash in major cryptocurrency prices.

11: Though many argued that the fall was due to Chinese media reports, which claimed that the country was cracking down on crypto mining. By mid-February, the price of Bitcoin had dropped more than 65% to reach $6,852.

This didn't last long though; the price was back at more than $11,000 by the end of the month.

The FUD raged on in 2019

12: The price of Bitcoin dipped slightly in April 2019 as a draft from China’s National Development and Reform Commission revealed the government body was considering banning mining in the country... again.

13: The PBoC followed this move with the announcement tcrypto trading would be “disposed of immediately” upon discovery.

Despite a brief price set back, fresh all-time highs would soon be on the horizon.

China was allegedly behind 2020's 'crypto bloodbath'

14: March 2020's "crypto bloodbath," in which the price of nearly all major tokens nosedived at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, was believed to have been largely caused by Chinese miners liquidating their holdings.

Related: Bitcoin price dips to $32.5K on 'consistent' new China FUD

15: Hong Kong’s government announced plans to ban retail crypto trading as part of its efforts to crack down on money laundering in November 2020.

The first year of COVID concluded with Bitcoin breaking the $20,000 barrier for the first time in three years, hitting an all-time high of more than $30,000 before 2020 ended.

FUD comes to present day

16: The National Internet Finance Association of China, the China Banking Association, and the China Payment and Clearing Association issued a statement warning against investing in cryptocurrencies given the potential risks in May 2021.

17: The following month, the PBoC ordered Chinese banks and mobile payment service providers not to provide banking and settlement services to clients engaged in crypto-related transactions.

18: That brings us to today, when once again the PBoC has declared that all cryptocurrency transactions in China are illegal.

The total number of times China FUD has failed to kill crypto: 18

Including today's message from the PBoC, there have been 11 messages directly from Chinese and Hong Kong regulators enforcing or hinting at enforcing a ban on crypto, exchanges, or mining, 7 major incidents of fake news stories or media coverage out of China otherwise influencing the crypto markets, and a handful of other incidents — such as hacks and decisions by crypto businesses in the country — which caused dips. Altogether, since 2009, China has "banned" or otherwise caused FUD in the crypto space on more than 18 separate occasions. 

Data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro shows that the price of Bitcoin fell more than 5% in the last 24 hours, but is currently back above $43,000 at time of publication.

Jeffrey Albus contributed to the research and editorial content of this story.

Price analysis 11/25: SPX, DXY, BTC, ETH, SOL, BNB, XRP, DOGE, ADA, AVAX

China’s Crypto Crackdown: Fundamentals Still Show Bull Market Continuation, Bobby Lee Says ‘Don’t Panic’

China’s Crypto Crackdown: Fundamentals Still Show Bull Market Continuation, Bobby Lee Says ‘Don’t Panic’The People’s Bank of China (PBOC), the country’s central bank, published a Q&A to its website which said that Chinese citizens participating in virtual currency exchange offshore is “considered illegal financial activity.” The PBOC also reiterated comments it had made in the past stressing that “financial institutions and non-bank payment institutions” cannot process crypto payments. […]

Price analysis 11/25: SPX, DXY, BTC, ETH, SOL, BNB, XRP, DOGE, ADA, AVAX

Chinese regulators unite forces to crack down on crypto

The Chinese central bank sets up a “coordination mechanism” with state agencies to continue battling crypto.

The Chinese government is getting more serious about cracking down on the cryptocurrency industry as state authorities are bringing forces to combat crypto operations in the country.

The People’s Bank of China (PBoC) officially announced on Sept. 24 a set of new measures to fight against crypto adoption in China, including promoting stronger inter-departmental coordination in cracking down crypto activity.

10 Chinese state authorities, including the PBoC, the Cyberspace Administration of China and the Ministry of Public Security, have established a “coordination mechanism” to prevent financial players from participating in any cryptocurrency transactions. According to the announcement, the involved authorities and institutions have completed significant improvements to crypto monitoring platforms to identify illegal cryptocurrency transactions efficiently.

The PBoC stressed a wide number of government agencies will now be cracking down on crypto closely in compliance with the Chinese laws:

“Financial management departments, cybersecurity and information departments, telecommunications departments, public security departments, and market supervision departments work closely together to cut off payment channels, dispose of relevant websites and mobile applications in accordance with the law.”

Related: China to ‘maintain a high-pressure situation’ on crypto, official says

Wen Xinxiang, director of the payment and settlement department at the People’s Bank of China, expressed concerns over the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies and stablecoins, calling for more measures for the traditional financial system to compete with the industry.

The latest moves by the Chinese government further reaffirm China's anti-crypto stance as local authorities have already been shutting down multiple mining farms and suspending crypto trading this year. Chinese regulators had imposed similar crypto restrictions before, banning crypto exchanges from providing services in China back in 2017. Shortly after China enforced the crypto exchange ban, Bitcoin reached $20,000 for the first time in December 2017.

Price analysis 11/25: SPX, DXY, BTC, ETH, SOL, BNB, XRP, DOGE, ADA, AVAX

Crypto adoption is a ‘huge challenge,’ says Chinese central bank exec

PBoC maintains its anti-crypto stance despite local players experimenting with digital yuan-pegged stablecoins.

The rapid adoption of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (BTC) poses a major challenge for the traditional financial system, an executive at the Chinese central bank has warned.

Wen Xinxiang, director of the payment and settlement department at the People’s Bank of China (PBoC), has expressed concerns over the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies and fiat-pegged stablecoins.

Pointing to Bitcoin’s market value now surpassing $800 billion and the total stablecoin market cap exceeding $120 billion, Wen outlined major risks associated with the crypto market at a payment and settlement forum on Sept. 24, The Shanghai Securities Journal reported.

According to the official, one of the main challenges of crypto is that the industry is capable of operating separately from the traditional payment system supported by commercial banks and payment institutions. Cryptocurrencies also cause issues for the payment services by banks, weakening the power of clearing organizations, Wen reportedly noted.

Wen also argued that the alleged anonymity of cryptocurrencies makes it an attractive tool for facilitating illegal transactions like money laundering, urging for more measures for the traditional financial system to compete with crypto:

“The challenge of virtual currency is huge. When the traditional financial system responds to the competition in the financial industry from big tech companies, it can also rely on traditional methods such as law and supervision to increase anti-monopoly efforts and strengthen personal privacy and information protection.”

Related: New decentralized stablecoin in China targets international trade

Wen’s remarks further reaffirm the anti-crypto stance of the Chinese government as China has continued to crack down on crypto trading and mining this year, with local authorities shutting down multiple mining farms and suspending crypto trading transactions.

PBoC’s deputy governor Fan Yifei previously expressed concerns over stablecoins in July, stating that the speed of the development in the private payments system was “very alarming.” Despite the Chinese government’s skepticism on stablecoins, some local players are experimenting with decentralized stablecoins pegged to China’s central bank digital currency, the digital yuan.

Price analysis 11/25: SPX, DXY, BTC, ETH, SOL, BNB, XRP, DOGE, ADA, AVAX

New decentralized stablecoin in China targets international trade

Conflux will provide the technology to launch an offshore RMB stablecoin pegged to China’s CBDC, the digital yuan.

As financial authorities around the globe become increasingly concerned about stablecoin regulation, a jurisdiction in China is preparing to pilot a new yuan-pegged stablecoin for international trade.

Chris Banbury, head of global operations at permissionless blockchain project Conflux, told Cointelegraph on Sept. 21 that the firm will provide its technology to launch an offshore renminbi (RMB) stablecoin pegged to China’s central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital yuan.

“This is going to be pegged to the digital yuan in price only with no formal integration,” Banbury noted, adding that the project will be exploring how the token trades against other currencies.

The new stablecoin project will facilitate international trade in Shanghai’s Lin-gang Special Area after the Chinese government granted the free economic zone permission to explore free trade with an offshore RMB stablecoin in July.

“While the use case for the offshore RMB stablecoin has been approved by the government of China and Shanghai, the pilot program is not endorsed by or connected with the government,” Banbury noted.

In contrast to popular stablecoins like Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC), the upcoming offshore RMB stablecoin will not be a private stablecoin because it is fully decentralized, Banbury said. The executive said that the new stablecoin is called the “offshore RMB stablecoin” because its functionality will be limited to global trading:

“The term ‘offshore’ refers to the RMB’s use for international trading purposes — not domestic trading. The digital yuan is used exclusively for domestic purposes. As such, the offshore RMB is not an ‘offshore yuan.’ The digital yuan is for domestic purposes overseen by the People’s Bank of China.”

Related: Chinese banks explore e-yuan for selling investment funds and insurance

According to Banbury, the offshore RMB stablecoin is being held through the Shanghai ShuTu Blockchain Research Institute, a branch of the Conflux Tree-Graph Institute for blockchain research and development. The stablecoin has not yet received a dedicated ticker as the development team is still determining when to launch, he added.

One of the world’s first nations to debut a CBDC, China has continued to crack down on cryptocurrency trading and mining, with local authorities shutting down multiple mining farms and suspending crypto trading transactions this year.

Price analysis 11/25: SPX, DXY, BTC, ETH, SOL, BNB, XRP, DOGE, ADA, AVAX

China to ‘maintain a high-pressure situation’ on crypto, official says

An official at the People’s Bank of China said that the public should increase its risk awareness and stay away from crypto investments.

China has reportedly doubled down on its crypto crackdown with a public reminder stating that Bitcoin (BTC) and other digital currencies “are not legal tender and have no actual value.”

In a local media briefing, Yin Youping, the deputy director of the Financial Consumer Rights Protection Bureau of the People’s Bank of China (PBoC), said the central bank will maintain a “high-pressure situation” and continue to crack down on digital currency-related transactions.

At the briefing session, which was coincidently held during China’s “Financial Knowledge Popularization Month,” Youping stated that digital currency-related transactions are pure investment hype. Youping said that the public should increase its risk awareness and stay away from crypto investments.

Despite the government’s continued prosecution of the crypto industry, Youping cited the possibility of a rebound in crypto trading operations in China. As a countermeasure, the PBoC will work with local authorities to detect traders using offshore crypto exchanges and, as a result, will increase efforts to block trading websites, apps and corporate channels.

The PBoC is reportedly working with the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission to develop systems for monitoring and combating the use of digital currencies. 

Related: Chinese province to cut off Bitcoin miners from hydropower stations

In addition to the pressures laid down by the PBoC, local governments in China have also started taking proactive measures to stop crypto activities. Regulators from Yingjiang County have asked hydropower plants to cut the power supply for crypto miners in the area.

Powerplants have also been asked to notify the National Development and Reform Commission after delisting crypto miners from their respective grids. While Chinese miners continue to settle abroad in countries with crypto-friendly regulations, China has reportedly started to redirect the saved electricity to build infrastructure for electric cars.

Price analysis 11/25: SPX, DXY, BTC, ETH, SOL, BNB, XRP, DOGE, ADA, AVAX