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The Philippines delays publishing crypto framework

Despite a tumultuous year, the Philippines’ financial regulator decided not to rush a legal framework on the crypto industry, which was initially planned for late 2022.

Despite the wave of market failures in 2022, the Philippines’ financial regulator has decided not to rush a legal framework on the crypto industry, initially planned to be published in late 2022. However, work on the guidelines is ongoing, and the results could be made public this year.

Cited in a local media outlet, the chairman of the Philippines Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Emilio Aquino, revealed that previous deadlines for introducing the crypto framework in the country were moved. The regulatory authority was planning to introduce guidelines for the industry in 2022, but it held back the initiative to study the reasons behind the collapse of the FTX exchange and ensure investors’ protection.

However, according to Aquino, the framework might still be issued by the end of 2023:

“We haven’t closed the door. We really just have to make sure people don’t get burned.”

Earlier in 2023, the SEC partnered with the University of the Philippines Law Center (UPLC) to work together on guidelines for digital assets. In January 2023, the regulator put forward the Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 11765 for public comment, which was signed into law in 2022. However, the act itself doesn’t contain a single reference to “crypto” or “blockchain.” 

Related: Hong Kong’s regulatory lead sets it up to be major crypto hub

There has been growing pressure on the crypto industry in the Philippines. The country’s central bank has been urging citizens not to engage in any operations with unregistered or foreign crypto exchanges, and the SEC has made the same recommendations. In May 2023, the SEC called Gemini Derivatives an unregistered security product under national law.

Still, the country remains an attractive destination for crypto. It is considered one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, with over 11.6 million Filipinos owning digital assets, putting it 10th worldwide in crypto adoption.

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Coinbase remains ‘100% committed’ to US market: Armstrong

The Coinbase CEO has a lot of faith in Congress in making a “clear rule book” for crypto firms to follow. But the SEC? Not so much.

United States-founded cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase has no plans to move its operations out of the U.S., CEO Brian Armstrong told investors in an Q1 earnings call.

On May 5, Armstrong assured shareholders the firm is “100% committed” to the U.S. market over the long term despite regulatory uncertainty in the U.S.

“So let me be clear, we're 100% committed to the U.S. I founded this company in the United States because I saw that rule of law prevails here. That's really important, and I'm actually really optimistic on the U.S. getting this right.”

The “optimism” alluded to by Armstrong comes from his confidence in Congress soon passing a clear set of rules for crypto firms to follow:

“When I go visit DC, there is strong bipartisan support for Congress to come in and create new legislation that would create a clear rule book in the U.S. and I think it's really important for America to get this right.”

However, Armstrong’s comments weren’t entirely “optimistic.”

The chief executive is concerned about the unpredictable enforcement action of the Securities Exchange Commission, which comes in light of the firm being served with a Wells Notice by the securities regulator in late March:

“Despite our ongoing engagement with the commission, they have not been as clear about what their specific concerns are with Coinbase as we might like, and so I have to refrain from speculating too much.”

“It's especially difficult to predict the timeline of any potential SEC litigation that we might face,” Armstrong added.

The troubles led Coinbase to file an action in a U.S. federal court seeking to compel the SEC to answer a petition that has been pending since July.

The back and forth comes as Coinbase launched Coinbase International Exchange (CIE) on May 2, which prompted many pundits to believe that Coinbase was looking for an escape route from the U.S.

The exchange is open to customers in 30 countries worldwide, including Singapore, Hong Kong, El Salvador, Philippines, Thailand and Bermuda — where CIE is now licensed from.

Related: SEC has 10 days to respond to Coinbase complaint: Legal exec

Armstrong said the European Union is “in front” in terms of regulatory progress with its Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) legislation set to enter into effect in mid-2024 or early 2025:

“They've adopted comprehensive crypto legislation called MiCA, creates a single clear rule book for the entire region. It's pretty powerful.”

“I just got back from a trip from the U.K. and D.C. Both of those, both have draft bills in the works that are working on things like around stable coins and market structure Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia, Brazil, all are essentially following in this direction,” Armstrong added.

The CEO’s remarks come as Coinbase managed to increase its revenue 22% and slashed its net income loss over $475 million to $79 million in Q1.

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Bitcoin Lightning Network growth is organic, coming from real-world adoption

Bitcoin Lightning Network adoption receives a boost with the launch of USD payments and decentralized social media platform, Nostr.

Bitcoin’s Lightning Network (LN) capacity recently surpassed an all-time high of 5,000 BTC

The Lightning Network is a neutral protocol built on top of Bitcoin and currently it does not have a “native” token attached to it like many decentralized finance platforms.

Although the Lightning Network’s total liquidity is less than 0.5% of the ETH in DeFi contracts, the uptrend in Bitcoin’s LN capacity versus a downtrend in the amount of ETH locked in smart contracts is encouraging for LN development.

Total ETH locked in DeFi contracts (top) and total BTC in Lightning Network channels (bottom). Source: DefiLlama

While the liquidity on the LN has been rising consistently, the number of channels on the peer-to-peer network dropped drastically in November following the FTX collapse. It could be due to an exodus of miners operating LN nodes besides running mining clients.

However, the likely end of miner capitulation and the rise of Bitcoin-based applications like NFTs could mark an end to LN channel capitulation. Since the start of 2023, over 2,000 new channels have been added to the network.

Lightning Network number of channels. Source: glassnode

A Valkyrie Investments report stated that LN adoption was picking up speed in emerging markets like South America and Africa, primarily due to efforts of the LN mobile payment application, Strike.

In December 2022, the firm launched an LN-based remittance service in Africa. The service offers no-cost transfers from the U.S. to Africans in Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya. Later, Strike announced a similar program in the Philippines.

LN capacity and important chronological events. Source: Valkyrie

More recently, the firm announced dollar payments using LN, where users can potentially send dollars from the Strike’s cash balance to savings and VISA-enabled accounts. The app will convert USD to BTC in the background and convert to USD at the destination. Since LN is fast and cheap, the risk due to Bitcoin’s price volatility is minimal.

The cost of international payments from the U.S. can rise as high as $45 per transaction, with transfers taking hours or sometimes days. Thus, users could start preferring Strike-based payments over traditional remittance channels.

A recent report from Marty Bent found that the LN payments have risen this year on the top Lightning Network wallets, Wallet of Satoshi. Moreover, a podcasting platform, Podcasting 2.0, that accepts LN payments also recorded an uptick in tips sent to creators.

Related: Retail giant Pick n Pay to accept Bitcoin in 1,628 stores across South Africa

Nostr is boosting LN adoption

Another factor influencing the adoption of LN is the launch of Nostr. According to the protocol's Github page, Nostr is a simple, open protocol that enables global, decentralized and censorship-resistant social media. The protocol allows social media applications to be built on it.

Damus, a Twitter lookalike, implements Nostr with an IOS and Android application. The idea of an open and free social media network reverberates the strongest in the crypto space. Bitcoin pioneers like Jack Dorsey and Adam Back have strongly endorsed Nostr.

Besides similarities in ideology, Nostr can boost LN adoption as Damus has integrated various LN wallets like Wallet of Satoshi, Strike, BlueWallet, and others. A report from LN analyst, Kevin Rooke, cited that over 600,000 users signed up on Nostr. This could help onboard users to LN as Nostr inherently supports the Bitcoin payment network through Nostr Zap.

The Lightning Network is a neutral protocol built on top of Bitcoin, with no token attached to it, avoiding speculation. There is a potential for yield for LN nodes as fees for facilitating transactions and providing liquidity. However, in the current state, the earnings are negligible. Hence, the Lightning Network's growth appears organic and well-positioned to become the leading global payment network, which prominent personalities in this space have predicted.

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the authors’ alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

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Philippines securities regulator seeks more authority to police the crypto industry

The Filipino securities regulator is moving to enact tighter rules on crypto, crypto companies and other financial products using blockchain technology.

The Philippines Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is seeking to bring cryptocurrencies under its scope and beef up its authority over the local cryptocurrency industry under new draft rules.

According to a Jan. 25 report in local media outlet, the Manila Bulletin, the securities regulator put forward for public comment draft rules relating to financial products and services which also cover cryptocurrencies and digital financial products.

The SEC said in a statement the draft rules will operationalize a newly signed law and give it “rule-making, surveillance, inspection, market monitoring, and more enforcement powers.”

The guidelines expand the definition of a security to include “tokenized securities products” or other financial products using blockchain or distributed ledger technology (DLT).

Other financial products, including digital financial products and services relating to those accessed and delivered through digital channels along with their providers, will also come under the SEC’s remit.

The SEC Philippines headquarters building in Makati, inside the Metro Manila region. Image: SEC

The ability to enforce securities regulations is similarly expanded. The SEC would be able to restrict service providers from collecting excessive interest, fees, or charges.

The regulator would also have the power to disqualify or suspend directors, executives or any other employee found to be in violation of the laws. It could also suspend a firm's entire operation.

Local laws allow the SEC to create its own rules for applying legislation in its jurisdiction, the central bank of the Philippines and the country’s insurance regulator is also allowed to create rules to supplement related laws.

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The latest development marks a continuation of the regulator's heavy crackdown on cryptocurrencies.

In late December 2022, the SEC warned the public against using unregistered exchanges that were operating within the country claiming a number of exchanges were “unlawfully allowing” Filipinos to access their platforms.

In August 2022, the Philippine central bank said it was taking a three-year-long break from accepting new virtual asset service provider (VASP) applications, with the process expected to be reopened on Sept. 1, 2025.

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Union Bank of the Philippines launches Bitcoin and Ethereum trading

UnionBank, one of the largest universal banks in the Philippines, debuts cryptocurrency trading via a partnership with a Swiss crypto firm.

The Union Bank of the Philippines (UnionBank), one of the largest universal banks in the Philippines, debuts cryptocurrency trading via a partnership with a Swiss crypto firm.

UnionBank has launched a pilot program for Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH) custody and trading services for select retail customers, the firm said in a joint announcement on Nov. 2.

The new investment and trading feature launches in collaboration with the Swiss crypto technology firm Metaco, with UnionBank going live on Metaco’s digital asset platform Harmonize. UnionBank initially partnered with Metaco for the development of crypto trading services in January 2022.

Licensed and supervised by the Philippines’ central bank, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), UnionBank has been actively exploring the crypto industry in recent years. In 2019, UnionBank launched a payments-focused stablecoin pegged to the Philippine peso.

Henry Aguda, chief technology officer and chief transformation officer at UnionBank, said that Metaco has been critical in the bank’s goal to provide “customer-centric” services in the Philippines. He also noted that UnionBank is among the early regulated adopters of crypto in the country, stating:

“We are proud to continue UnionBank’s series of industry firsts, this time being the first regulated bank in the country allowing digital currency exchange features for clients.”

The news comes shortly after Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos highlighted the importance of adopting blockchain technology to master digital banking and digital transactions.

Related: Basel Committee: Banks worldwide reportedly own 9.4 billion euros in crypto assets

In an official presidential speech published in September 2022, Marcos referred to several related milestones by UnionBank, stating:

“The track record of UnionBank in creating opportunities through innovation and digital solutions in the banking sector is uncontested.”

Previously, BSP also warned the public against using non-local crypto trading platforms, stressing that dealing with foreign virtual asset service providers poses challenges in enforcing consumer protection. As of August, there were 19 registered VASPs in the Philippines.

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