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2 key Ethereum price metrics back traders’ confidence in $3,800 ETH

ETH’s 90-day annualized premium and the funding rate on perpetual futures signal that traders are confident the altcoin will recapture the $3,800 level.

According to derivatives markets, Ether (ETH) traders are still confident that there is the chance formore upside even though the 23% correction on Sept. 7 took a hit on prices. 

Ethereum network congestion also peaked on Sept. 7 when the average transaction fee reached $60, and since then it has remained above $17. As a result of the lingering challenges experienced by the network, investors have shifted into Ethereum competitors with bridge and layer-two capabilities. For example, Polkadot’s DOT rose by 29% over the past week and Algorand’s ALGO spiked 67%.

Undoubtedly, there’s a quest for interoperability and layer-two scaling solutions, aiming to quickly meet the explosive demand for nonfungible tokens (NFTs) and decentralized finance (DeFi) applications.

Whether the Ethereum network will sustain its absolute leadership position seems irrelevant right now, as the industry’s net value locked (adjusted total value locked) in smart contracts has risen from $13.6 billion in December 2020 to its current $82 billion.

Regulatory fear coming from the United States is likely curbing investors’ optimism in cryptocurrencies. According to a document released by a House committee on Sept. 13, lawmakers aim to close a loophole that previously allowed investors to claim capital gains deductions. The Internal Revenue Service currently considers cryptocurrencies as property in “wash sales,” and as a result, they are exempted from 30-day repurchase rules.

Ether price on Bistamp in USD. Source: TradingView

The brief $4,000 test on Sept. 3 momentarily caused derivatives markets to enter overdrive. The nonstop 45-day long rally had raised Ether’s price from $1,735 on July 20, a 130% increase. Meanwhile, the $3,200 support held firmly and boosted bulls’ confidence even though the altcoin dropped by 16% in eight days.

ETH futures data shows bulls are still “bullish”

Ether’s quarterly futures are the preferred instruments of whales and arbitrage desks. Due to their settlement date and the price difference from spot markets, they might seem complicated for retail traders. However, their most notable advantage is the lack of a fluctuating funding rate.

These fixed-month contracts usually trade at a slight premium to spot markets, indicating that sellers request more money to withhold settlement longer. Consequently, futures should trade at a 5% to 15% annualized premium on healthy markets. This situation is known as “contango” and is not exclusive to crypto markets.

ETH futures 3-month annualized premium. Source: Laevitas

As displayed above, Ether’s futures contracts have been holding a decent 8% premium since Aug. 9. Apart from the brief surge above 15% on Sept. 7, derivatives traders have remained cautiously optimistic.

To understand whether this movement was exclusive to those instruments, one should also analyze perpetual contracts futures data. Even though longs (buyers) and shorts (sellers) are matched at all times in any futures contract, their leverage varies.

Consequently, exchanges will charge a funding rate to whichever side is using more leverage to balance their risk, and this fee is paid to the opposing side.

ETH perpetual futures 8-hour funding rate. Source: Bybt

Data reveals that modest excitement started building up on Sept. 2, lasting less than five days. The positive funding rate shows that longs (buyers) were the ones paying the fees, but the movement seems reactive to the price increase, and it faded as Ether crashed on Sept. 7.

At the moment, there are no signs of weakness from Ether derivatives markets, and this could be interpreted as a bullish indicator. Investors’ attention remains focused on developments in regulation and Ethereum 2.0, which everyone assumes should settle the scalability problem for good.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision.

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Proposes Refund Requirements Following Crypto Hacks: Report

Offchain Labs Launches Arbitrum One Mainnet — Startup Raises $120 Million

Offchain Labs Launches Arbitrum One Mainnet — Startup Raises 0 MillionOn August 31, 2021, Offchain Labs announced the official launch of Arbitrum One mainnet and further detailed that the company has raised $120 million in funding. The Series B financing led by Lightspeed Venture Partners gives the firm a $1.2 billion valuation. Arbitrum One Mainnet Is Now Live, Offchain Labs Raises $120 Million in Funding […]

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Proposes Refund Requirements Following Crypto Hacks: Report

Ethereum must innovate beyond just DApps for DeFi degens: Vitalik Buterin

As second layer scaling matures for Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin urges the community to grow beyond the confines of DeFi.

During his keynote at the EthCC conference in Paris, Ethereum co-founder and lead developer Vitalik Buterin implored the Ethereum community to innovate beyond the confines of decentralized finance.

Describing non-financial utilities as “the most interesting part of the vision of general-purpose blockchains,” Buterin lamented that financial applications currently “dominate the Ethereum space.”

“Being defined by DeFi is better than being defined by nothing. But it needs to go further.”

Buterin outlines several non-financial applications for Ethereum, including decentralized social media, identity verification and attestation, and retroactive public goods funding.

“Moving beyond DeFi is not about being against DeFi. I actually think [...] the most interesting Ethereum applications are going to combine elements of finance and non-finance,” said Buterin.

“Maybe a few years from now we’ll have a lot of really exciting things [...] that are just providing all kind of very diverse and real value to all kinds of people, not just within the Ethereum ecosystem, but also going far beyond it as well,” he added.

Buterin has already begun work on public goods funding. In a July 21 blog post co-authored by Buterin, layer-two scaling solution, Optimism, pledged to fund open source development through a retroactive rewards protocol, with Optimism committing all profits generated through sequencing to the initiative.

Why DeFi?

Buterin attributes the Ethereum community’s preoccupation with DeFi to two main factors.

Firstly, Vitalik asserted that “finance is just the area where centralized technology sucks the most,” concluding that finance offers a larger domain for decentralization than other centralized industries:

“I can send you a centralized email and you will get it within one second. And sure, maybe various intelligence agencies will read it, but at least you could read it and at least you can read it one second from now. International bank wires do not work that way.”

Buterin also emphasized the prevalence of high fees in pushing the sector toward financial applications, noting:

“The degens can pay for it, the apes can pay for it, the orangutans can pay for it. But if we start talking about a decentralized social media, where every tweet becomes an NFT, then that can’t work if you have $5.22 transaction fees.”

However, Buterin offered that the challenge of high transaction fees “is now being solved” by Ethereum’s growing ecosystem of layer-two networks.

Related: Bitcoin falls to sixth for daily revenue, with just 12% of Ethereum’s fees

With work to mitigate transaction costs on Ethereum currently underway, Buterin asserts that now is the time to begin exploring how Ethereum can be used to tackle other issues, stating: “the Ethereum ecosystem has to expand beyond just making tokens that help with trading other tokens.”

“If you just take this narrow thing that is DeFi, and you keep pushing it to infinity [...] you’re just gonna get tokens that give you profit from yield farming other currencies that are financial derivatives between other yield farming tokens,” he said.

Despite noting that financial derivatives offer some value to the sector, Buterin warned of the systemic risk associated with complex derivative products, concluding: “Let’s not just do DeFi.”

“These things are valuable up to layer-one and layer-two, [...] but once you get to layer-six, you’re actually increasing the financial instability and the risk this whole thing is going to collapse.”

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Proposes Refund Requirements Following Crypto Hacks: Report

Hop Protocol launches USDC bridge between Ethereum, Polygon, and xDai

Hop plans to roll out support for additional crypto assets and layer-two networks in the coming weeks.

Hop Protocol, a team working on interoperability within Ethereum’s layer-two ecosystem, has launched its Hop bridge for the first time. 

A July 12 blog post notes the bridge has been launched with limited functionality, currently supporting “instant” USD Coin (USDC) transfers between the Ethereum mainnet, Polygon, and xDai Chain.

Hop plans to expand the number and assets it supports over “the next couple of weeks,” including crypto assets Ether, Matic, and Wrapped Bitcoin, stablecoins Dai and Tether, and forthcoming layer-two networks Optimism and Arbitrum.

The bridge locks up tokens that a user wishes to transfer between networks, issuing its own “hTokens” that can be quickly and cheaply transferred between layer-twos. The hTokens are destroyed on redemption. 

Hop will also launch a StableSwap automated market maker on each supported network to facilitate exchange between hTokens and their underlying assets, with Hop offering liquidity providers a 0.04% cut of all fees earned on transactions.

The StableSwap deployment on Polygon will also offer a liquidity mining program for USDC liquidity providers with more than $180,000 worth of MATIC slated for distribution.

While layer-two networks have emerged as the dominant scaling solution for Ethereum, the ecosystem has lacked the infrastructure facilitating the fast movement of assets between respective layer-twos.

Related: EY publishes an Ethereum scaling solution to the public domain

In March, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin revealed that sharding had been pushed behind the chain merge in the Eth2 roadmap amid the success of layer-twos, predicting that rollups will scale Ethereum by a factor of 100.

However, while Buterin had then predicted rollups would be launched within a few weeks, the Ethereum ecosystem still has not seen major rollups solutions launch to mainnet, with Optimism currently targeting July 26 for launch and Arbitrum yet to open up its guarded launch.

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Proposes Refund Requirements Following Crypto Hacks: Report

Vitalik Buterin Says People Difficulties Not Technical Difficulties Slowed the Ethereum 2.0 Rollout

Vitalik Buterin Says People Difficulties Not Technical Difficulties Slowed the Ethereum 2.0 RolloutThe cofounder of Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, recently discussed the highly anticipated full transition from a proof-of-work (PoW) consensus model to proof-of-stake (PoS) as its replacement. Buterin admitted at Hong Kong’s Startmeup HK 2021 Festival that the transition was taking too long and highlighted that it wasn’t technical problems but “related to people.” Buterin: ‘If You […]

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Proposes Refund Requirements Following Crypto Hacks: Report

Even Vitalik Buterin is surprised at just how long Eth2 is taking

Ethereum co-founder cites people problems as one of the obstacles to progress.

Ethereum’s visionary co-founder Vitalik Buterin has commented on the obstacles on the roadmap to Eth2 at a conference in Hong Kong.

Speaking partly in Mandarin at the Virtual Fintech Forum at this week’s StartmeupHK Festival 2021, Buterin said that technology wasn’t the major issue with the world’s largest smart contract network.

He admitted that building Ethereum has taken a lot more time than he had anticipated with early Eth1 blockchain build estimates of around three months turning into eighteen months in reality. The upgraded version is taking substantially longer.

“We thought it would take one year to do the Proof of Stake, but it actually takes six years. If you are doing a complex thing that you think will take a while, it’s actually very likely to take a lot more time,”

Buterin added that there had been a number of internal team conflicts in the five years it has taken Ethereum to get to where it is today. “One of the biggest problems I’ve found with our project is not the technical problems, its problems related with people,” he said.

The comments came in a fireside chat with Jehan Chu, co-founder and managing partner at Hong Kong-based blockchain investment and trading firm Kenetic.

Buterin stated that Eth2 will be able to have the kind of scalability that the large scale enterprise applications expect when rollups and sharding are combined. However, that is not likely to occur until late 2022 as per the latest roadmap estimates.

According to the Eth2 roadmap, the two chains will merge or dock in late 2021 or early 2022 according to the official documentation which states:

“Originally, the plan was to work on shard chains before the merge – to address scalability. However, with the boom of layer two scaling solutions, the priority has shifted to swapping Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake via the merge.”

Phase One which introduces scalability through sharding is not expected until later in 2022 at this stage.

Buterin said the current version of Ethereum has largely become a victim of its own success with demand pushing network fees to record levels making the majority of transactions economically unviable for the average user.

On the topic of Eth2, Buterin said that they are using that moniker less frequently because the team wanted to emphasize that, “this isn’t throwing out the existing Ethereum platform and making a totally new one. It’s a much more kind of incremental set of changes.”

The upgrade to Proof-of-Stake has become even more urgent recently with all of the negativity and FUD surrounding Bitcoin and its power consumption.

The Proof-of-Work Ethereum blockchain consumes the energy equivalent of Hong Kong according to  Digiconomist. Comparatively, the new Proof-of-Stake network will use around 99.95% less energy.

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Proposes Refund Requirements Following Crypto Hacks: Report

Uniswap v3 looks set for layer-two scaling on both Arbitrum and Optimism

Uniswap is now planning layer-two deployments on both Arbitrum and Optimism.

The Uniswap community has voted in favor of launching the leading decentralized exchange’s v3 iteration on layer-two scaling solution, Arbitrum.

Uniswap’s creator, Hayden Adams, announced the vote on May 27, revealing the proposal’s governance vote received 41.35 million votes in favor and zero opposing votes from UNI token holders.

He noted that work is already underway to plan the deployment and design its interface.

Arbitrum raised $3.7 million in 2019 to explore smart contract scalability, and launched the first Rollup system for Ethereum in early 2020. Arbitrum claims to have achieved a reduction in gas costs of 55 times for its testnet port of Uniswap v2 in November 2020, supporting 390 swaps per second compared to jusseven on the Ethereum mainnet.

Adams said that the Uniswap team remains “incredibly excited” for the launch of rival layer-two scaling solution, Optimism. Adams noted Uniswap is still targeting a deployment on Optimism for “the near future.”

Optimism, which raised $25 million in a February funding round led by A16z, announced in March its launch would be delayed, offering July as a “rough estimate” for mainnet launch.

Optimism’s delay has provided opportunities for other second-layer scaling solutions to secure market share, with Polygon taking an early lead after Aave quickly attracted a 10-figure TVL on the network.

Arbitrum has also emerged as a major layer-two contender, with the project currently targeting May 28 for its mainnet launch. Developers will initially have exclusive access to Arbitrum after launch, allowing time for the network's initial cohort of projects to establish infrastructure and conduct testing.

In early May, OKEx became the first major centralized exchange to enable deposit and withdrawal functionality with the protocol. Arbitrum has also secured notable partnerships with The Graph, Bancor, and Biconomy.

In March, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin praised Arbitrum for its progress on Ethereum Virtual Machine-compatible rollups.

Since launching earlier this month, Uniswap v3 has lived up to its promise of delivering superior capital efficiency than its previous incarnations, with v3 surpassing v2 by daily volume despite currently representing 26% of v2’s total value locked.

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Proposes Refund Requirements Following Crypto Hacks: Report