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Synthetix commence debt pool merger to enhance liquidity and staking capabilities

The merger of L1 and L2 debt pools is just one of a number of upgrades slated for this week within the Synthetix ecosystem.

Decentralized finance, or DeFi, protocol Synthetix (SNX) has announced that the deployment of their Debt Pool Synthesis feature will occur on Thursday 9pm through 11pm UTC, expected to impact staking participants in two distinctive categories: SNX inflationary staking rewards and Debt Hedging.

Currently, Synthetix operates debt pools across two chains, Ethereum mainnet and layer 2 Ethereum scaling solution Optimism, which have amassed an accumulative total-value-locked of $930 million and $157 million, respectively.

The company have stated their intention to transition into an "Optimism-native protocol", with one of their council members kain.eth advocating this route by stating the vast growth potential of Optimism.

On the subject of debt hedging — a method of derivate investment designed to reduce asset exposure — it was calculated that the total-value of the two pools once merged equates to sETH: 31% Short, sBTC: 25% Long, sUSD: 27% Long, other assets: 11% Long, and sEUR: 7% Long.

Cointelegraph reached out to a spokesperson from Synthetix for a deeper insight into the specific method for merging a L1 debt pool with an L2, as well as the benefits and challenges that could arise during the process.

Utilizing Chainlink oracles as the core component of consensus for the total debt accumulation, they stated that the “debt amount for all of the issued synths is calculated off-chain, and then the value is pushed on-chain using Chainlink's decentralized oracle network, which is read by Synthetix contracts on both L1 and L2.”

“Merging the debt pools provides maximum liquidity across the protocol and [the ability to] transfer synths between multiple chains efficiently via cross-chain messaging, rather than relying on automated market makers… debt pool synthesis allows the protocol to have fungibility on both L1 and L2.”

In addition to the improvements for debt hedging, Synthetix is also implementing a long-awaited functionality — initially proposed via governance in May 2020's SIP 80 (Synthetix Improvement Proposal) — to create a pooled synthetic futures contracts, with the networks native asset SNX being the financial instrument. 

Later in our conversation, the spokesperson from Synthetix commented on the diversify of assets that Synths currently replicate, to which they stated that "Synthetix has synths for several financial assets including crypto and Defi tokens, forex and commodities", before revealing:

"We can deploy synths for any assets or instrument where we can secure a reliable feed. That opens the door to synths based on the price action of equities, measures of volatility, interest rates, or other novel mechanisms like our own debt pool."

Planning Ahead: Cosmos Health Looks to Add Bitcoin and Ethereum to Its Treasury

While the Value Locked in Defi Soars, Dozens of Dapps Leverage Cross-Chain Support

While the Value Locked in Defi Soars, Dozens of Dapps Leverage Cross-Chain SupportDecentralized finance (defi) protocols continue to shine as the total value locked in defi is over $260 billion. While Ethereum started the defi trend and holds the lion’s share of TVL in defi, a great number of decentralized applications (dapps) are supporting a slew of alternative blockchains. Today’s Most Popular Dapps Support More Than One […]

Planning Ahead: Cosmos Health Looks to Add Bitcoin and Ethereum to Its Treasury

Crypto founders top young Australian rich list

Seven of Australia's 87 richest entrepreneurs aged 40 and under are crypto founders, according to the Australian Financial Review.

The AFR’s list contains 87 of Australia’s richest entrepreneurs aged 40 and under, with each boasting a net worth greater than AUD 36 million ($26.9 million).

The list is topped by Melanie Perkins and Cliff Obrecht, the co-founder and chief operating officer (COO) of popular graphic design software providers Canva. The married couple has an estimated net worth of AUD 16.5 ($12.3) billion between them.

Seven crypto luminaires have debuted on the Australian Financial Review’s (AFR) “Young Rich” list of 2021, including the minds behind some of the leading protocols in the decentralized finance (DeFi) and nonfungible token (NFT) sectors.

Synthetix

Kain Warwick, the founder of derivatives trading protocol Synthetix is ranked as the most affluent crypto figure in Australia, coming in at seventh overall with an estimated net worth of AUD 879 million ($657 million).

Kain founded Synthetix in 2017, with the protocol comprising an Ethereum-based decentralized synthetic asset issuance protocol that offers exposure to a wide range of markets such as crypto, stock and commodities via synthetic assets.

Synthetix ranks as the 22nd-largest DeFi protocol with a total value locked (TVL) of $2.2 billion, while its native SNX token comprises the 85th-largest crypto asset with a capitalization of $1.9 billion.

Synthetix has raised a total of AUD 46.1 million ($34.46 million) over six funding rounds. The round included participation from Paradigm, Coinbase Ventures and IOSG Ventures according to Crunchbase.

Illuvium and the Warwick brothers

Kain Warwick is not the only member of the family on the list, with three of his brothers in Aaron, Grant and Keiran also making the list this year.

The three brothers co-founded the upcoming play-to-earn crypto game Illuvium in 2020. Keiran leads the pack with a net worth of AUD 463 million ($346 million) to rank 22nd, while Aaron is close behind at 26th with AUD 425 million, and Grant comes in at 34th with AUD 196 million.

Despite the Illuvium game currently still being in development, ILV has shot up the market cap rankings this year amid meteoric price growth to currently sit at 145th with a capitalization of $721 million.

To date, Illuvium has raised $5 million from a funding round that included participation from Framework Ventures and IOSG Ventures.

Sustainable Bitcoin miners

Brothers Daniel and William Roberts also made the list, with the duo ranking in at 19th with a combined AUD 484 million. The duo founded a sustainable energy-focused Bitcoin (BTC) mining firm dubbed Iris Energy earlier this year. Cointelegraph reported in July the firm was looking to raise $200 million in preparation to go public on the Nasdaq stock exchange.

Last week the firm filed for an initial public offering (IPO) with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to raise up to $100 million. The firm intends to list its shares under the REN ticker later this year.

Related: Aussie firm to launch $100M class action over dodgy QOIN token

Sergienko’s rise to fame

Finally, Sydney-based Sergei Sergienko ranked in at 60th with a net worth of AUD 97 million ($72.5 million) in part due to his work with Chronobank, a blockchain-based firm he founded in 2016 that streamlines recruiting processes and enables workers to get paid in crypto assets.

“The company empowers HR and recruitment professionals with blockchain technology, as well as enabling global freelancers to secure the best jobs and make sure they are paid quickly and fairly,” Chronobank’s website reads.

Planning Ahead: Cosmos Health Looks to Add Bitcoin and Ethereum to Its Treasury

Major DeFi founders back play-to-earn game that hopes to be next Flappy Bird

A new blockchain based play to earn game called Fancy Birds hopes to emulate the success of the addictive mobile phenomenon Flappy Bird.

A new play-to-earn (P2E) blockchain game that hopes to emulate the addictive success of 2013 mobile phenomenon Flappy Bird has drawn backing from some of DeFi's biggest names.

Kain Warwick from Synthetix, Stani Kulechov from Aave, Tyler Ward from Barnbridge, angel investor Santiago Santos (ex-ParaFi Capital) and 0xmaki from Sushi joined a pre seed round this week for the forthcoming Fancy Birds which is due to launch in around a month.

Fancy Birds is a single player mobile game with 8,888 randomly generated NFT characters minted initially with custom features, that fight through levels to earn their spot as “the fanciest bird in the nest”.

Successful players earn 40% of the Fancy (FNC) token supply and upgrades will see the game launch multiplayer mode, with breeding, staking and tournaments planned. The team is in discussions to launch it on Ethereum NFT scaling layer 2 project Immutable X.

As with a number of other potentially big meme projects, Fancy Birds seemed to spring out of nowhere on Twitter a couple of weeks ago after Illuvium founder Kieran Warwick wondered on Twitter: "How has someone not created a play to earn Flappy Bird?” He told Cointelegraph:

“It's not complex, just super addictive and a lot of fun and at its peak it had 100 million users daily. Turns out someone is actually building it and it’s in beta now."

Warwick came on board as an advisor and helped organize the pre seed, and the team is now reaching out to Framework Ventures, Delphi Digital and a16z for the next round.

The snowballing project is reminiscent of Barnbridge founder and Flappy Bird investor Tyler Ward's Non Fungible Pepe project, which was memed into existence by a number of the same people earlier this year, making millions in a few weeks before transforming into Universe.xyz for copyright reasons.

Related: Crypto Pepes: What Does The Frog Meme?

Warwick's own project Illuvium is another forthcoming blockchain P2E game that's growing exponentially. The price of the ILV token has risen from $33 in June to the $800 mark now, it’s amassed a half a billion dollar market cap and 200,000 Discord members.

Warwick also advised them on setting up community governance based on the models of Illuvium and Synthetix.

"The team has been really receptive, they're going fully decentralized with a DAO first, and a governance council, with 100% of profits (collected platform fees) going back to stakers," he said.

"We reworked the tokenomics so it makes a lot more sense so I think they are poised to be really big players."

Illuvium is an official partner, and fans will be able to use an 8-bit version of that game’s main character Rhamphyre to play in Fancy Birds.

Fancy Birds hopes to appeal to the huge P2E community in countries like the Philippines. "It’s tapping into the same thing as Axie Infinity and it’s on mobile so anyone can play so I'm expecting a tonne of players to pile in," Warwick said.

Meanwhile Warwick said the Illuvium team was gearing up for the launch of its first trailer showing the world exactly how the game works.

“We've obviously built up a ton of hype, we have nearly 200,000 people in Discord now and things are going really well. But the one thing that we haven't shown is our gameplay trailer,” he says.

“There's going to be a lot of people that are waiting on the sideline, and it should help us to get them over the line to say, ‘This is real. This is actually happening. It is a triple A game’.”

Planning Ahead: Cosmos Health Looks to Add Bitcoin and Ethereum to Its Treasury

Beleaguered DeFi project xToken suffers second major exploit since May

xToken has been exploited for around $4.5 million following the latest attack targeting the DeFi protocol’s smart contracts.

The decentralized finance project xToken has suffered another exploit over the weekend after hackers discovered a vulnerability in the smart contracts for its xSNX product.

On Aug. 29, the xToken team reported that the attack had resulted in roughly $4.5 million worth of funds being drained from xToken’s xSNX product — which allows users to gain exposure to Synthetix-based assets without directly interacting with the protocol’s complex smart contracts.

The project published a post mortem a few hours later, explaining that the malicious actor had taken out a flash loan from the dYdX decentralized exchange (DEX) for 25,000 ETH (roughly $81 million) to carry out the attack.

They then used the Ether as collateral to borrow 1.5 million Synthetix governance tokens (SNX) using popular DeFi money market protocol Aave, and pooled liquidity token exchange, Bancor.

These were swapped for 6.5 million USDC on decentralized exchange, Kyber, exerting downward pressure on the price of SNX. The attacker then swapped the USDC for Synthetix’s USD token (sUSD), before exploiting a flaw in xToken’s contracts to purchase 614,000 SNX at an artificially depressed price for 811,000 sUSD.

At current prices, the hacker made off with $7 million worth of SNX.

In response to the latest attack, xToken has announced it will retire the xSNX product, stating:

“The current xSNX implementation is by far our most complicated product, with complex dependencies and significant surface area for vulnerabilities.”

Related: How do DeFi protocols get hacked?

xToken allows users to hold interest-bearing derivatives of crypto assets like AAVE and SNX that require holders to participate in staking, governance, or other protocol interaction in order to receive yield.

The incident is not the first time xToken has been exploited this year. In May, the protocol suffered a similar fate when a malicious actor manipulated the Kyber DEX while also simultaneously taking advantage of xToken price calculations. The breach cost the protocol around $25 million in SNX tokens at the time.

Moving forward, the xToken team stated it will spend the coming week working to calculate investor losses and structure a compensation program based on using its native token, XTK.

At the time of writing, XTK had dumped 45% over the past 24 hours, according to CoinGecko, and is down more than 90% from its April all-time high which preceded the first exploit.

Planning Ahead: Cosmos Health Looks to Add Bitcoin and Ethereum to Its Treasury

Five DeFi projects and Kraken tip in $250K each to support Eth2 client teams

The Ethereum Foundation will pass the donations on to open-source developer teams including Besu, Erigon, Geth, Nimbus and Nethermind.

A group of DeFi projects and U.S. crypto exchange Kraken have donated $250,000 each to the Ethereum Foundation to support client teams working on the Ethereum (ETH) 2.0 upgrade.

On Aug. 24 the Ethereum Foundation announced that the donations were made by Kraken, Compound Grants, Lido, Synthetix, The Graph and Uniswap Grants. The funds will supplement the funding provided by the foundation earlier this year, to support Ethereum execution layer teams.

“Ethereum’s diverse client ecosystem is at the foundation of all that we’re building together. This includes both execution-layer and consensus-layer clients, both of which are essential parts of Ethereum’s post-merge future,” the announcement read.

The donations totaling $1.5 million will go to open-source developer teams including Besu, Erigon, Geth, Nimbus and Nethermind, who will provide “critical infrastructure for the network” post-merge of ETH 1.0 and ETH 2.0 — which will see ETH’s transition from proof of work to a proof of stake mechanism.

Kraken CEO and co-founder Jesse Powell stated that the firm was proud to be “giving back to the courageous builders who are hard at work on the front lines of crypto innovation.”

According to Kraken, by July the exchange's users had already staked 800,000 ETH in Eth2, worth $2.5 billion at current prices. At the time the platform stated it had distributed 25,300 ETH in rewards generated from client staking.

Related: Eth2 staking contract ranks as single-largest Ether hodler with $21.5B

“This project represents an effort to secure Ethereum’s long-term growth, health and decentralization. Each of these elements can be exemplified by client diversity, strength of the teams themselves, and our confidence that Ethereum will continue to succeed as they succeed,” the announcement read.

Earlier this month the Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) 1559 upgrade went live, which introduced a burning mechanism as part of its adjusted gas fee structure. At the time of writing, Etherscan data shows that there is currently 4.85 ETH worth roughly $15,300 being burned per minute.

Planning Ahead: Cosmos Health Looks to Add Bitcoin and Ethereum to Its Treasury

Synthetix turns on layer-two alpha, launches Olympics betting on options platform

Users of the Synthetix-based Thales platform can now bet on the outcome of Olympic events.

Decentralized derivatives and synthetic asset trading protocol, Synthetix, has launched trading on the Optimistic Ethereum layer two scaling platform.

The long-awaited launch was announced by the Synthetix protocol exchange Kwenta on July 30. It enables the exchange to offer faster transactions and lower fees using optimistic rollup technology.

Initially, there will be just four synthetic assets available for trading on layer two — sUSD, sETH, sBTC and sLINK. The data collected from this alpha launch and testing phase will enable the protocol to optimize synth trading on layer two and prepare for the beta launch, the announcement stated.

Trading on layer two will offer users an estimated 50X reduction in gas fees and “blazing fast transaction speeds.”

The Synthetix community will monitor early performance on the scaling platform and gradually vote in additional synthetic assets for trading as they see fit.

Optimistic Ethereum (OΞ) uses a rollup technology that assumes all of the transactions are correct instead of verifying each one. Users only need to intervene if they see an incorrect transaction where they can submit a “fraud proof.”

Earlier this month, Uniswap announced the launch of its version 3 on the Optimistic Ethereum platform.

In a related development, the Synthetix-based Thales platform has just launched. Thales is a DeFi platform providing binary options style trading which allows traders to speculate on the price movement of the underlying market or crypto asset. There are two possible outcomes which is why they are considered binary.

Related: Thales raises $2.5M for binary options platform in Synthetix ecosystem

The Thales DApp offers more than 60 different assets, including cryptocurrencies, commodities, equities and index products, to create markets, mint binary options tokens and trade them on the platform.

It has introduced some trial Olympics sports markets which enable users to bet on variables such as “Will the USA win the most gold medals?” or “Will Australia’s men’s basketball team win the gold medal?” The answers are binary with a yes or no outcome which can be wagered on with a sLONG or sSHORT token.

Still on the subject of layer two, the Loopring DEX has announced a collaboration with layer two solutions provider StarkWare. The partnership has introduced a cross-L2 automated market maker that shares liquidity across layers called dAMM, with the "d" standing for "decentralized." Loopring has predicted that the platform will become “one of the most fundamental primitives to scaling DeFi.”

Planning Ahead: Cosmos Health Looks to Add Bitcoin and Ethereum to Its Treasury

Users Criticize Uniswap’s Decision to Remove Over 100 Tokens From Main Interface

Users Criticize Uniswap’s Decision to Remove Over 100 Tokens From Main InterfaceThe largest decentralized exchange (dex) platform, in terms of trade volume, Uniswap has revealed the dex has removed a number of tokens from the platform interface. The community assumes the tokens could be deemed securities by global regulators. Uniswap users can still swap these tokens via accessing specific smart contracts themselves, as the company behind […]

Planning Ahead: Cosmos Health Looks to Add Bitcoin and Ethereum to Its Treasury