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Enterprise blockchain: ‘Ethereum for Business’ explains key use cases

Paul Brody’s “Ethereum for Business” gives a basic overview of enterprise Ethereum, while providing real-world use cases of how EY clients leverage the technology.

The cryptocurrency market has encountered its share of ups and downs over the past year, but blockchain technology continues to see impressive growth as businesses seek digital transformation. 

Recent findings from the market research platform, MarketsandMarkets, estimated the global blockchain market size to be $7.4 billion in 2022. While notable, the report indicates that the blockchain sector is expected to generate $94 billion in revenue by the end of 2027. If these findings are accurate, this will result in a compound annual growth rate of 66% from 2022 to 2027.

Breaking down ‘Ethereum for Business’

Specifically speaking, many enterprises today are using the Ethereum blockchain to improve outdated business processes. Paul Brody, global blockchain leader for Ernst & Young (EY), told Cointelegraph that he believes the Ethereum network will drive the most growth for the enterprise blockchain market going forward.

To bring this to light, Brody recently published Ethereum for Business. According to Brody, this book intends to help non-technical, C-level executives and company leaders understand how and why Ethereum applies to specific use cases.

Book cover. Source: University of Arkansas Press

To ease readers into the subject matter, Brody begins part one of the book by explaining how Ethereum works using relatable language. “There are three foundational concepts that are useful to understand — the distributed ledger, the programmable ledger, and consensus algorithm,” he writes. Brody then explains that every “financial system has a ledger,” but notes that the difference between centralized, traditional systems and Ethereum is that “Ethereum’s ledger is public and distributed to all participants.”

The first chapter also explains the terminology associated with blockchain networks. Brody writes that “batches of transactions are known as ‘blocks.’” He ends the chapter by mentioning that the Ethereum network is often attractive to business users because it offers the “convenience of an integrated digital business” without a centralized market operator.

Before going in-depth on specific use cases, Brody spends the next few chapters of the book detailing terminology like wallets, tokens and smart contracts. For instance, in chapter four, he writes:

“In Ethereum, both the money and the stuff can be represented as tokens, while the terms of the exchange between two parties can be captured in a smart contract.”

Brody adds that everything of value is stored in a wallet when using the Ethereum blockchain: “Wallets are just a name for a digital account where you can store your keys and the access rights to contacts and assets you control through those keys.”

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Chapter five focuses on oracles; as Brody mentions, “enterprise transactions will require extensive use of oracles” since external data sources will be essential for completing smart contracts for business purposes.

The information presented at the beginning of Brody’s book is extremely useful for readers that may be new to the blockchain sector. The following chapters focus on concepts like privacy, which is a crucial consideration for enterprises leveraging blockchain. 

In chapter six, Brody writes, “Though enterprises require privacy, blockchains do not, by default, offer privacy.” Given this, Brody focuses this section on privacy applications that can be applied to support enterprise transactions. Although Brody mentions at the beginning of the book that the read is not meant to promote EY’s blockchain work, he does detail how Nightfall and Starlight — two privacy mechanisms created by EY — are used by businesses to ensure private blockchain transactions.

Real-world enterprise Ethereum use cases

Part two of Brody’s book focuses on use cases and case studies. This section is probably the most interesting because it explains why the technology could be helpful for business processes.

Tokenization is heavily discussed in section two, with Brody writing that it is “the single most important thing enterprises can do in the blockchain space.” He adds that tokenization is often the first decision that firms using blockchain make since this can be used to digitize assets that can be easily tracked and managed.

Although Brody explains the difference between ERC-20 and ERC-721 tokens, he emphasizes that the ERC-1155 standard is gaining traction among enterprises due to its blend of fungible and nonfungible properties. Brody shares that an EY client in the pharmaceutical industry is currently using ERC-1155 tokens to track serialized medicine packages. “Using the 1155 standard, this firm can mint large volumes of tokens and transfer them in big batches to distributors and others,” he writes.

Brody continues sharing real-world examples of how EY clients apply the Ethereum blockchain. For instance, he explains how Italian beer producer Peroni uses blockchain for traceability, allowing consumers to scan a QR code to understand how the beer was produced.

“Those looking at a beer non-fungible token (NFT) from Peroni on the Polygon PoS chain (an Ethereum side chain), will be able to see Peroni’s final batch token as well as input tokens from the malt house and farms,” writes Brody.

In addition to these use cases, Brody details how blockchain helps with supply chain management, contract management, carbon emission tracking, payments and more. He emphasizes in this section that “Blockchains will do for business ecosystems what ERP [enterprise resource planning] did inside the single enterprise.”

‘Ethereum for Business’ is educational, but blockchain is broad

While Ethereum for Business provides an in-depth and clear view of enterprise Ethereum, readers should remember that the blockchain ecosystem is broad. There are a number of different blockchain networks that businesses can use aside from Ethereum.

Recent: Bug bounties can help secure blockchain networks, but have mixed results

Yet it’s notable that Brody’s new book gives an in-depth overview of the Ethereum ecosystem, breaking down key concepts while providing real-world use cases. This is extremely important, as education around blockchain technology is still needed to drive mainstream adoption.

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A new age in investing: The transformative power of asset tokenization

From real estate to franchising, and from renewable energy to Hollywood, tokenization has the potential to transform the way we do business.

Asset tokenization has long been regarded as one of the most compelling applications of blockchain technology. Back in June 2019, the United States investment banking giant BNY Mellon declared it has the potential to “dramatically change the dynamic” for investors and unlock opportunities that were previously out of reach. 

Real estate is an inevitable place to start. Tokenizing properties can open the door to fractional ownership, enabling individuals to purchase a small chunk of a building. The volatility of global markets has shown why diversification is crucial — but until now, the sheer cost of real estate has made it inaccessible for many.

The benefits might not stop here, either. It can take up to six months to close a purchase on a home, all thanks to a process that is time-consuming, agonizing and surprisingly paper-based. Tokenization has the potential to speed things up, all while offering a higher degree of trust and transparency. Enhanced liquidity could ultimately revitalize the market, making transactions frictionless.

There are also ramifications in the world of business. Franchising has proven an exceptionally popular way of expanding a brand — with McDonald’s, Subway and Chick-fil-A just some of the fast-food giants that allow entrepreneurs to open their own stores. Here’s the problem, though: there are huge expenses involved with this kind of investment. According to the HR company ADP, startup costs can be as high as $5 million — a sum that few individuals could summon up on their own. The fractional ownership achieved through tokenization can remove barriers to entry, delivering tangible benefits for every participant in such an ecosystem.

Elsewhere, tokenization could offer a modern twist on crowdfunding, which has allowed cutting-edge products to hit the market with the support of everyday consumers. Embracing blockchain can allow entrepreneurs to reach a wider cross-section of investors, all while delivering higher levels of liquidity. This could also transform the way pricey infrastructure projects get off the ground, especially in the renewable energy sector. Not only could this unlock fresh funding in the race to slash carbon emissions, but this could also bring down household bills.

Over on the star-studded streets of Hollywood, tokenization is already making its presence felt. From film productions to music rights, passionate fans can now take a financial stake in the creations they care about most. This can also free content creators from the confines of record labels and movie studios, allowing them to take risks and take control of their destiny. Better still, it also means anyone can become a celebrity. One compelling use case in this arena relates to Stoner Cats, an animated series backed by NFTs that was launched by Mila Kunis in 2021. It sold out in just 35 minutes.

Making tokenization usable

One could argue that this is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the potential use cases for tokenization, but there are challenges that stand in the way. One of them is regulation, and fractured frameworks in jurisdictions around the world mean there’s a lack of cohesion for entrepreneurs who want to embrace this technology.

It’s also a very new space, with limited historical data and ties to a volatile market. That’s where platforms like Brickken come in. Similar to Shopify enabling customized e-commerce stores, Brickken enables tokenizing businesses to create their own custom Token Store, further enhancing the demystification of tokenization. This project’s goal is to help digital assets be created, sold and managed in a seamless way. By offering a series of user-friendly tools and features presented in an all-in-one platform, Brickken empowers companies to easily embrace tokenization and infuse a 21st-century twist into their business model.

One of the most significant use cases for Brickken’s platform is the tokenization of real estate. By leveraging blockchain technology, Brickken facilitates fractional ownership of real estate, making real estate investing more accessible and inclusive. Through tokenization, investors can acquire fractional ownership tokens that represent a portion of the property’s value. This approach opens new avenues for liquidity, reduces barriers to entry, and enables a more efficient and transparent real estate market.

Beyond real estate tokenization, Brickken offers companies the ability to tokenize their equity or debt instruments, revolutionizing the way capital is raised. Through the platform, companies can create digital tokens that represent equity or debt instruments, allowing investors to participate in the growth and success of the business. This approach opens up new opportunities for startups and established companies alike, providing greater access to capital and fostering a more inclusive investment ecosystem. 

Moreover, Brickken is addressing the challenge of limited capital in renewable energy investments by tokenizing projects, promoting fractional ownership and accessibility. Investors can now purchase fractional shares, overcoming financial barriers and supporting sustainable initiatives. 

Simplifying life through tokenization

Billed as a no-code solution that is white-label by nature, Brickken says it offers a global ecosystem of partners to ensure each client is supported at every step of their journey, holding their hand while assets are fractionalized. 

A key component of this ecosystem is the platform’s native token BKN, which provides users with access to a variety of services and benefits. Token holders can participate in tokenized investments, gaining exposure to real estate, art, intellectual property and other exciting asset classes. In addition, BKN tokens grant users exclusive access to premium features, discounts and rewards within the Brickken marketplace. Holders can also participate in governance decisions and shape the future direction of the platform. 

Brickken’s key point is this: While tokenization may not be in the mainstream yet, there are already compelling examples where tokenization is adding real value to people’s lives.

Ludovico Rossi, Brickken’s chief revenue officer, said: 

“Fractional ownership is the transformative progression of the sharing economy, and asset tokenization is its powerful enabler. This paradigm shift will shape our future, surpassing the impact of the sharing economy as we enter an era where fractional ownership becomes the norm. Brace yourself, the wave is imminent.”

To facilitate the adoption of tokenized assets, Brickken is launching its Token Issuer Academy, which provides comprehensive guidance, tutorials, and tools for successful enterprise tokenization for individuals and businesses. By joining the Academy, participants will gain essential knowledge on how to create, distribute, and manage tokens using the Brickken Token Suite, enabling them to harness the potential of blockchain technology and decentralized finance.

Learn more about Brickken

Disclaimer. Cointelegraph does not endorse any content or product on this page. While we aim at providing you with all important information that we could obtain in this sponsored article, readers should do their own research before taking any actions related to the company and carry full responsibility for their decisions, nor can this article be considered as investment advice.

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Polygon proposes upgrading MATIC into a multipurpose token for all chains

The proposal for MATIC’s technical upgrade is subject to approval from the Polygon community. Once approved, MATIC’s upgrade to a multipurpose token will result in its renaming to POL.

Ethereum layer 2 development firm Polygon proposed upgrading its in-house MATIC (MATIC) token into a multipurpose token that can be used to validate multiple chains.

The proposal for MATIC’s technical upgrade is subject to approval from the Polygon community. Once approved, MATIC’s upgrade to a multipurpose token will result in its renaming to POL.

According to the announcement shared with Cointelegraph, POL’s utility will span all the Polygon protocols, which includes Polygon PoS, zkEVM and Supernets. Sharing details about the anticipated upgrade, the announcement read:

“Primarily, it enables the pool of protocol participants, i.e. actors to scale to support thousands of Polygon chains without sacrificing security.”

The utility of POL revolves around validators, with the goal of aligning and incentivizing them to perform useful work. If the upgrade proposal goes through, the redesigned protocol architecture will introduce features such as infinite scalability and no friction between any two protocols.

Polygon 2.0 consists of four protocol layers. Source: Polygon

For validators, POL staking can open up three incentive streams — protocol rewards, transaction fees and additional rewards. In addition to validating multiple chains, validators can also perform multiple roles on a single chain, which includes zero-knowledge proof generation and participation in DACs (Data Availability Committees).

Related: Polygon proposes architecture for ‘Polygon 2.0,' including aggregator bridge

In May, Polygon co-founder Sandeep Nailwal said that Web3 gaming will eventually become one of the biggest drivers of mass crypto adoption.

Sandeep Nailwal showing evidence to Reddit that the post is genuine. Source: Reddit

When asked about his take on the “real life” use cases for blockchain other than trading and payments during an AMA, he sided with the gaming ecosystem:

“There are some top games launching in Web3 in the next 6-18 months and it would be very interesting to see if some of them are able to crack the crypto code. Last year itself there was $2 billion+ in funding for Web3 games.”

On an end note, Nailwal highlighted the need for a “progressive decentralization of protocols and applications as they achieve larger and larger significance.”

Collect this article as an NFT to preserve this moment in history and show your support for independent journalism in the crypto space.

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Bank of China trials offline payments for digital yuan via SIM cards

The bank plans to enable users to make phone payments by integrating its e-CNY app with specialized "super SIM cards" that have near-field communication capabilities.

Bank of China, one of the largest state-owned banks in China, is currently conducting trials for a novel offline payment system that connects to SIM cards. This payment method is designed specifically for the digital yuan, also known as the e-CNY, which is China's central bank digital currency (CBDC) currently being tested.

This announcement was made by the bank on Monday in a social media post, revealing their partnership with telecommunication operators China Telecom and China Unicom and their intention to commence testing on Tuesday.

The bank plans to enable users to make phone payments by integrating its e-CNY app with specialized "super SIM cards" that have near-field communication capabilities. Users simply need to bring their mobile phones near the point of sale terminals for payment, eliminating the need for the phone to be turned on.

Screenshot of Bank of China's social media announcement.  Source: Wechat

This integration allows transactions to be processed even when the phone is powered off. However, the bank stated that these SIM card payment functions will only be accessible on specific Android phones in a few test regions of China. In January of last year, the People's Bank of China (PBOC), the country's central bank, launched a trial version of an e-CNY app.

This follows China's recent initiative to expand the use cases for its central bank digital currency for its Belt and Road Initiative and cross-border trades. The new experiment plans to extend digital yuan usage to pay taxes and utility services in the city in the future.

In the Chinese city of Guanzhou, it is now possible to pay for public bus rides with the digital yuan CBDC on 10 transit routes, which is a first for the country. To do so, passengers simply need to download the e-CNY app, deposit funds and scan the QR code located in the bus payment section to pay for their ride. 

Related: Chinese city of Jinan accepts CBDC payments for bus rides

Meanwhile, Hong Kong in May launched an e-HKD pilot program after the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) released a whitepaper in October 2021 on a potential retail CBDC. The HKMA, Hong Kong’s de facto central bank, said in a September consultation paper that it will explore the possibility of cross-border payments linking e-CNY and e-HKD.

Magazine: Ripple, Visa join HK CBDC pilot

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Connext founder proposes ‘Sovereign Bridged Token’ standard after Multichain incident

EIP-7281 will allow token issuers to list official bridges and limit the rate at which they can mint tokens, potentially limiting losses from bridge hacks.

An Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) made on July 7 seeks to standardize how tokens are bridged between networks. The “Sovereign Bridged Token” standard, or EIP-7281, allows token issuers to create canonical bridges across multiple networks. 

The proposal was co-authored by Arjun Bhuptani, founder of the Connext bridging protocol. In a July 7 social media post, Bhuptani claimed the protocol would help prevent issues like the July 6 Multichain incident, which some experts have described as a “hack.

According to the proposal’s discussion page, it allows token issuers to designate a list of canonical bridges. Only bridges added to this list could mint an official version of the issuer’s token. Issuers can also limit the number of tokens a bridge is allowed to mint. These parameters can be changed at virtually any time by the issuer.

In Bhuptani’s view, this proposal will ensure that “ownership of tokens is shifted away from bridges (canonical or 3rd party) into the hands of token issuers themselves” and will limit losses if a bridge’s security comes into question:

“In the event of a hack or vulnerability for a given bridge (e.g. today’s Multichain hack), issuer risk is capped to the rate limit of that bridge and issuers can seamlessly delist a bridge without needing to go through a painful and time-intensive migration process with users.”

Related: $30B stolen from crypto ecosystem since 2012: Report

Bhuptani said the proposal would also help prevent user experience problems in decentralized finance, as all bridges will issue the same official token. Over time, this will eliminate the need for multiple versions of the same token, he claimed.

Stablecoin issuer Circle has already created the Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP) to list official bridges for its token, US Dollar Coin (USDC). EIP-7281 intends to implement the basic concept behind CCTP but also tries to make this solution apply “more broadly to all tokens,” according to the proposal’s notes.

Both Circle and Tether have blacklisted some of the addresses used in the Multichain incident, preventing $65 million worth of USDC and Tether (USDT) from being moved out of these addresses.

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XRPL grows in Q2 despite SEC lawsuit concerns: Report

The XRP Ledger saw a significant increase in the total new address count, which reached 138,790, representing a growth of 31.8% compared with the same period in 2022.

Despite lingering concerns over the Ripple vs. SEC lawsuit, The XRP Ledger (XRPL) has demonstrated significant growth in multiple areas of its protocol during the second quarter of 2023, according to a recent report from crypto analytics platform Messari.

The report shows that the circulating market cap of XRP (XRP) has increased by 42.5% year-to-date. The growth was driven by the asset’s price surge in the first quarter; however, in Q2, the market cap declined by 10.7%, from $27.8 billion to $24.8 billion.

Although the XRP platform experienced a decline in transaction volume quarter-over-quarter, there was a notable 12.7% increase in average daily nonfungible token (NFT) transactions, rising from 13,800 to 15,500. While the XRPL has a strong presence in decentralized finance (DeFi) and NFT ecosystems, top competitors like Ethereum and Solana often overshadow it. However, there are signs that this trend is starting to shift.

Screenshot of graphic representation of XRP Ledger key metrics overview. Source: Messari

The Messari data uncovered another significant development in the XRP ecosystem, namely the expansion of XRPL sidechains. Recently, two notable protocols, Coreum and Root Network, were introduced. These protocols play a crucial role in providing XRPL developers and users with the desired programmability. Coreum emphasizes ecosystem security, while Root Network focuses on driving metaverse innovations.

The XRPL achieved several notable milestones, including a significant increase in the total new address count, which reached 138,790, representing a growth of 31.8% compared to the same period last year. Additionally, the quarterly revenue surged by 220.3% to reach $188,376.

Related: Ripple Labs to revolutionize real estate industry through tokenization

Despite facing challenges due to the SEC lawsuit, XRP has seen efforts from developers within its ecosystem to drive utility adoption. The growth witnessed in essential operational aspects of the XRPL reflects the progress of XRP towards its goal of providing sustainable value and utility.

With its focus on real estate tokenization and dedicated research in blockchain technology, XRP possesses distinctive fundamentals that have the potential to drive substantial long-term growth and innovation.

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Ripple Labs to revolutionize real estate industry through tokenization

This innovative pilot program aims to enable users to tokenize real estate assets and utilize them as collateral for loans, leveraging Ripple’s CBDC platform.

Digital payments and blockchain technology company Ripple Labs has announced an initiative to transform the real estate industry using tokenization.

Antony Welfare, central bank digital currency (CBDC) adviser at Ripple, highlighted the growing global interest in CBDCs and stablecoins in a July 7 tweet. He emphasized that Ripple’s team is actively exploring practical applications for CBDCs and stablecoins, focusing on tokenizing real estate assets.

During a fintech conference in Romania, Welfare presented a use case that combines the digital Hong Kong dollar (e-HKD), tokenized real estate and finance lending protocols. This innovative pilot program aims to enable users to tokenize real estate assets and utilize them as collateral for loans, leveraging Ripple’s CBDC platform.

In its exploration of real estate asset tokenization, and using blockchain and digital currencies, Ripple is looking to tackle current obstacles in the real estate sector.

Despite the need to overcome specific challenges, successful initiatives in real estate tokenization hold significant implications, such as improved liquidity, broader market reach and simplified transactions.

Tokenization has emerged as a fascinating concept capturing substantial interest and attention across various sectors. This innovative approach entails transforming tangible assets like real estate, artwork and intellectual property into digital tokens securely stored on the blockchain.

These tokens represent ownership or stakes in the underlying asset, enabling buying, selling and trading on decentralized platforms. The increasing fascination with tokenization arises from its capacity to revolutionize conventional asset ownership and investment models.

Related: Ripple gets in-principle nod for digital asset services in Singapore

Through blockchain technology, tokenization amplifies liquidity, accessibility, efficiency, transparency and security. As more industries and investors grasp the advantages and potential of tokenization, it is poised to gather further momentum as a prominent trend in the financial and asset management arenas.

However, the adoption and implementation of tokenization may face regulatory challenges and require compliance with local laws. Besides the regulatory considerations, security concerns over tokenized assets also need to be alleviated as the industry evolves.

Magazine: Asia Express: Ripple, Visa join HK CBDC pilot, Huobi accusations, GameFi token up 300%

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Gaining speed on tokenization is vital for UK’s financial future, banking group warns

UK Finance says it’s not too late for the United Kingdom to make up for other jurisdictions’ faster start to securities tokenization, and it better do it if it wants to remain a global financial leader.

Advocacy group UK Finance is urging the British government to encourage securities tokenization. The market is small now, but the future stakes are high, it said.

In a report co-written with consulting firm Oliver Wyman, UK Finance said the advantages of tokenization, such as lower costs, lower risk and wider access, are not just “a nice-to-have.” Tokenization “can transform the financial system, and the UK should be at the centre of this transformation,” it said.

UK Finance chair and former Bank of England court member Bob Wigley wrote in a Financial Times editorial timed to the report’s release:

“The UK is at risk of falling behind other financial centres, as digital bond issuance to date has been in other places such as Singapore or Switzerland […] Our progress is similar to the US, which could quickly leap ahead given its huge financial resources, deep capital markets and technology knowhow.”

“The UK government has given some indications of its commitment to tokenisation and its enablers. Industry now requires action from government,” the report added. It held up Singapore’s Project Guardian as an example of a government exploring collaboration with the private sector to develop the use of tokenized assets.

Related: Bank of England Deputy Governor Cunliffe on DLT securities settlement: Not so fast!

The U.K. already has a growing legal foundation that is “fit for purpose” for securities tokenization, if in need of adaptation, the report said. UK Finance suggested a road map for the United Kingdom to position itself as a global tokenization market leader.

The detailed plan had three components — innovation, interoperability and global standards leadership — with a five-year horizon. Financial market infrastructure sandboxes, due for launch this year by the Treasury, played a key role in the plan.

Tokenization is currently only carried out on a small scale, with 1% of $20.6 trillion of global long-term fixed income instruments tokenized in 2021, according to research cited in the report.

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Binance ceases support for deposits and withdrawals of suspended Multichain-bridged tokens

This decision has implications for users who utilize bridged tokens on networks such as BNB Smart Chain, Fantom, Ethereum and Avalanche blockchains.

Binance cryptocurrency exchange has announced it is ceasing its support of deposit and withdrawal services for a range of Multichain-bridged tokens, effective from July 7, 2023. 

Binance has officially stated in its blog that the tokens impacted by the decision are Polkastarter (POLS) via BNB Smart Chain, Alchemy Pay (ACH) via BNB Smart Chain, Beefy.Finance (BIFI) via Fantom Network, SuperVerse (SUPER) via BNB Smart Chain, Travala (AVA) via Ethereum Network, Spell Token (SPELL) via Avalanche C-Chain, Alpaca Finance (ALPACA) via Fantom Network and Harvest Finance (FARM) via BNB Smart Chain.

This news comes after deposits for various Multichain-bridged tokens were earlier suspended on May 25, 2023, following days of stalled transactions that sparked uncertainty surrounding the Multichain protocol.

This decision to now cease support has implications for users who utilize bridged tokens on networks such as BNB Smart Chain, Fantom, Ethereum and Avalanche blockchains.

In the blog announcement, Binance recognized the inconvenience caused and highlighted that the cease in support is a direct consequence of the ongoing challenges faced by the Multichain protocol

While deposits and withdrawals are halted on Binance, the wallets holding these assets on other networks remain accessible. Amidst the turbulence around Multichain, certain bridges have been reported as inaccessible, while there are allegations of the protocol's co-founder and CEO, Zhao Jun, going missing and speculation of a potential police investigation.

According to Coinmarketcap, the market price of Multichain (MULTI) currently stands at $3.22, reflecting a 3.95% decrease. Based on estimates, Multichain would need to experience a 24-fold increase in value to reach $100. Assuming a consistent annual growth rate of 25%, it would take approximately 8.5 years for Multichain to reach the $100 mark.

Related: Binance Australia offices reportedly searched by local regulator

Cointelegraph has reached out to Binance for more information on this development but hasn't yet received a response at the time of publication.

Magazine: Binance warns on Maverick FOMO

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Token issuers in Japan exempt from 30% crypto tax on paper gains

Japan's National Tax Agency published a partial revision of its corporate tax guidelines, implementing new tax rules for token issuers.

Token issuers in Japan no longer have to pay corporate taxes on unrealized cryptocurrency gains, according to a law revision by the National Tax Agency on June 20. 

The tax exemption goes into effect nearly six months after the Japanese government approved a proposal eliminating the requirement for crypto firms to pay taxes on paper gains on tokens they issued and held.

Legislators in Japan have been discussing new crypto tax rules since last August as part of a broader tax reform for 2023, but the tax authority has only given the final approval this week. Under the new rules, Japanese firms issuing tokens are exempt from paying a set 30% corporate tax rate on their holdings. Before this law, even unrealized gains were subject to taxation.

Law Interpretation Notification: Partial Revision of Corporate Tax. Source: National Tax Agency

The ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) expects to make it "easier for various companies to do business that involves issuing tokens.”

The cryptocurrency industry in Japan has been undergoing significant changes lately. Since June 1, the country has been enforcing stricter Anti-Money Laundering (AML) measures to trace cryptocurrency transactions to align Japan's legal framework with global crypto rules. Lawmakers revised the AML legislation in December after it was found to be insufficient by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).

In June last year, the government passed a legislation prohibiting the issuance of stablecoins by non-banking institutions. The bill — implemented just a few weeks ago — stipulates that stablecoin issuance in the country is limited to licensed banks, registered money transfer agents and trust companies.

Japan was one of the first countries to legalize crypto as a form of private asset, and its crypto regulations are among the strictest in the world. After Mt.Gox and Coincheck were hacked, Japan's financial regulator tightened rules on crypto exchanges. Local regulations are believed to have facilitated the speedy return of assets to FTX users in Japan following the exchange's global collapse, in contrast to users in other countries without a clear deadline for their refunds.

Magazine: Crypto City: Guide to Osaka, Japan’s second-biggest city

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