1. Home
  2. Unbanked

Unbanked

The world doesn’t need banks, policymakers or NGOs — It needs DeFi

DeFi can usher in a system where people don’t have to pay international corporations 10% to send money home in the internet era of Web3.

Where I grew up, on the southern border in Texas, a tremendous number of people have come to the United States to work and send money back home. They don’t make much money, but they pay considerable fees on their transfers. Their focus is not on getting rich, but on supporting those back home in their native country. They support their families as they do hard labor day in and day out. It costs them too much to do so.

Truth be told, my father was a migrant worker. He picked fruit in the fields. We sent money back to our family in Mexico. But the remittance providers chipped away at what little money he was able to make so that they had no hope of achieving the American Dream and prospering.

The world needs DeFi due to corruption. Big governments and international corporations are controlled not in the interest of the people, but the interest of their bottom line. Credit cards and personal loans have tremendous fees, as do remittances.

When migrants send home part of their earnings in the form of remittances, they represent a large source of foreign income for many developing economies. Remittances, which are particularly important for low-income countries, account for nearly 4%t of their GDP, compared with approximately 1.5% of the GDP for middle-income countries. Remittance flows are important because they are more stable than capital flows, and they tend to be countercyclical, meaning remittances increase during economic downturns or after a natural disaster when private capital flows fall.

DeFi lowers the fees migrant workers pay to send money home, saving them billions of dollars. Some remittances entail fees of more than 20%. Out of desperation, people pay these fees to send a considerable source of their income to households across Africa, Asia and Latin America, helping to lift families out of poverty by providing financial stability.

Related: Crypto education can bring financial empowerment to Latin Americans

Hundreds of billions of dollars are sent home every year. That’s far more than official development aid. Most remittances go to low and middle-income countries. In Kyrgyzstan, Nepal and Liberia, remittance comprises more than a quarter of national GDP, it said. The average costs are 7%, according to UNESCO’s 2019 Global Education Monitoring Report. What’s more, traditional banks cost remitters the most. Their average fees are 10%! Big banks have monopolies on remittances and they take advantage thereof. To serve the underserved, the world needs not banks, policymakers or NGOs, but DeFi.

The highway robbery of remittances

In my view, centralized finance makes an unfair margin on migrants who are simply using their own money. That’s why the world needs decentralized finance. There is no reason to pay fees when transferring money. So don’t. Use decentralized finance rather than paying a tremendous amount of money when sending money back home.

When I began to look at the decentralized exchanges, I learned no one could take your money from you, because you maintain possession of your keys. You can borrow, lend, trade on margin and so much more. DeFi coupled with stablecoins is a powerful combination, especially for the unbanked.

Thanks to crypto, not only can migrants send money to loved ones back home for less, but those loved ones back home can now earn passive income in the decentralized finance space. They can utilize reward systems like liquidity pools or staking, and behold the power of truly being their own bank. No need to give your hard-earned money over to a middleman; a bank. You do not need negative interest rates.

Related: Money in 2030: A future where DeFi and CBDCs can work together

DeFi projects are built for the benefit of others. Participants can make a profit benefiting others. Food is being put on people’s tables across the globe because of decentralized finance. That’s a beautiful thing. The sense of community in DeFi comes from giving power back to the people. It drives us all to do better for ourselves. It puts all of us in a better position to do good. When we work on improving ourselves, we have no problem bettering the people around us. Healthy competition propels us all.

DeFi offers a trustless environment in which transactions are managed by smart contracts. Blockchainers are rethinking and redefining finance before our very eyes.

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the author’s alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

RTR Crypto is the global project manager for FEGtoken. He worked as an ER nurse for seven years as well as one year in hospice nursing, and also served on the Texas disaster response team. He followed his father’s footsteps and began investing in stocks before becoming involved in crypto. His father lovingly told him he was an idiot. RTR left medical school in his third year to work alongside the FEG team on improving decentralized trading platforms and creating a safer crypto space for new and experienced investors.

Hong Kong-Listed HK Asia Holdings Increases Its Bitcoin Investment to 8.88 BTC

Three African Countries Plan to Adopt Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Solutions

Three African Countries Plan to Adopt Cryptocurrency and Blockchain SolutionsThree African countries — namely Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and the Republic of Congo — are reportedly planning to adopt cryptocurrency and blockchain solutions powered by The Open Network (TON). Separately, Cameroon is considering issuing a national stablecoin that is based on the same blockchain network. Phased Adoption of the Solutions The […]

Hong Kong-Listed HK Asia Holdings Increases Its Bitcoin Investment to 8.88 BTC

In defense of crypto: Why digital currencies deserve a better reputation

Crypto’s mainstream acceptance is almost already here, but many people still have unfounded fears we have to overcome.

Ever since its inception and throughout its turbulent journey toward mainstream acceptance, crypto has elicited both enthusiasm and trepidation in equal measure. After the unfair battering it has received over the years, the time has come to defend digital currencies.

Unfortunately for crypto, first impressions count. Bitcoin (BTC) initially gained a tawdry reputation in its early years as the currency of choice for illicit activities — favored by dark web users, ransomware hackers, drug traffickers and money launderers worldwide.

But, the world has changed since the first Bitcoin was mined in January 2009. There are now more than 18 million of them in circulation, and more than 90,000 people have $1 million or more stashed away in Bitcoin, according to cryptocurrency data-tracking firm Bitinfocharts.

There are, indeed, signs that crypto is, at last, gaining mainstream acceptance. Just last year, El Salvador declared Bitcoin as a legal tender in September and in October, the first Bitcoin futures-linked exchange-traded fund (ETF) in the United States began trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Payments giant Visa also launched a Global Crypto Advisory Practice in December, helping financial institutions advance their own crypto journey.

There are even talks of crypto becoming a medium of exchange in Afghanistan, offering a very real example of crypto enabling financial transactions in a situation where the monetary system itself is breaking down.

Related: How are Afghans using crypto under the Taliban government?

The obstacles and barriers

Despite these success stories, nagging doubts persist among the public and objections have been expressed by politicians who fear a decentralized currency that puts the general public in charge of their own money. China declared crypto transactions illegal in September, citing concerns about gambling and money laundering. Politicians around the world have expressed alarm about its potential to transform the established dynamics of the existing financial ecosystem.

The underlying factor behind all of this is fear and recent research suggests it could be a fear of the unknown. According to a national survey commissioned by money app Ziglu, almost a third (31%) of British people surveyed are curious about investing in crypto, yet 62% of those included have held back from buying any because they do not understand the market. As a sign that cryptocurrency is gaining legitimacy in the eyes of the public, however, the survey also found that b

Bitcoin is now considered a smarter investment than property.

Now is the time to recognize that while there are inherent risks, cryptocurrency is also a force for good in the world. In an age of plummeting savings rates, this relatively new asset class offers all of us the opportunity to invest in crypto without traditional barriers that exist in traditional finance, no matter how much or how little money we have available.

Related: Stablecoin adoption and the future of financial inclusion

Some people do not even have a safe place to store their hard-earned cash. According to World Bank data, 1.7 billion people globally do not have a bank account. Many of us take for granted the ability to move money around through credit cards and bank transfers — sending large sums to our friends and family with a tap of our smartphones — but for the unbanked, this is not possible.

More than 80% of the world’s population do, however, own a smartphone, which is all they need to send crypto remittances across international borders. Crypto is boosting financial inclusion by giving millions of people with no access to platforms such as PayPal or Venmo the ability to transfer funds for mere pennies. It is also a good alternative for those who resent high bank fees since this new infrastructure, unlike the traditional payment rails, is not constrained by profit motivation.

Crypto’s advantages

Smart contracts can replace services from banks, money transfer companies or legal services, while cryptocurrencies and digital wallets can provide flexibility such as credit for customers and financial sovereignty with no centralized entity required.

Crypto can also shield citizens from economic turmoil. Venezuela is a prime example where many citizens are already suffering high inflation and the impact of United States sanctions that also affect their banks. They are increasingly converting their wages into crypto and using the blockchain for money transfers and payments.

For developing countries, Bitcoin is an excellent way for society to eliminate corruption because the community can track any Bitcoin transaction in the public ledger when people use the cryptocurrency to transfer money.

Closer to home, crypto is also democratizing finance. There are low barriers to entry with no need for a broker or a high net worth. Anyone can invest and create wealth for themselves. As a result, people are learning about concepts such as annual percentage rates, lending and borrowing, and the history and purpose of money.

Crypto’s disadvantages

But, any defense of crypto cannot avoid the elephant in the room: crime. It has long been associated with fraud and ransomware, but the truth is that blockchain is the perfect system to thwart such criminal activity.

Related: Bitcoin can't be viewed as an untraceable 'crime coin' anymore

Cryptocurrencies are not anonymous, they are pseudonymous. The open ledger on which crypto lives and moves allows law enforcement to track and trace the flow of funds in real time, providing unprecedented visibility on financial flows. Criminals also need to convert crypto into fiat currency, creating opportunities to not only blacklist the wallet addresses but also proactively catch the criminals.

That is why, as in the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack in the U.S.in June 2021, law enforcement was able to track and ultimately seize the ransom payment. That recovery was possible only because cryptocurrency was the medium of payment.

Related: Don't blame crypto for ransomware

The advantage blockchain has is that it’s tamper-proof. Through a process known as consensus, each transaction is verified by multiple parties independently. Entries are immutable, meaning they can’t be modified and can only be updated by adding an addendum.

We are advocating for a specialist unit within cybercrime law enforcement. Why is it needed? To have dedicated technical and human resources that can work proactively with corporations that have been breached with a ransom requested in crypto. It would be able to communicate and notify all crypto exchanges so that they can identify when and if the criminal wants to cash out on the exchange.

Another issue rightly raised about crypto is the environmental impact: The enormous amount of electricity required to mine proof-of-work currencies such as Bitcoin requires warehouses full of powerful computing rigs constantly running.

However, this is already changing. Right now, more than half of Bitcoin miners use sustainable energy. A Bitcoin mining operation opened northeast of Niagara Falls on the site of the last working coal plant in the state of New York, using cheap hydroelectric power to run its rigs. Meanwhile, El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele has announced an even more creative plan to use geothermal energy from the Conchagua volcano to power its Bitcoin City project.

Cryptocurrency’s journey to mainstream acceptance is almost complete. Therefore, now is the time to overcome our often unfounded fears and to embrace the financial freedom, security and convenience it offers.

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the author’s alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

Ian Taylor is the executive director of CryptoUK, an independent industry body that exists as a cohesive, credible voice for the evolving United Kingdom crypto industry. Having spent 20 years in investment banking, he has held many senior roles across trading, treasury and risk management, and is still involved with a major global bank. As executive director of CryptoUK, he has built a community of more than 100 of the most influential industry participants and campaigns for a fit-for-purpose regulatory framework in the U.K., Europe and beyond.

Hong Kong-Listed HK Asia Holdings Increases Its Bitcoin Investment to 8.88 BTC

If the glass slipper doesn’t fit, smash it: Unraveling the myth of gender equality in crypto

The nature of crypto as a global and distributed industry must provide more opportunities for all possible diversified groups of people.

Crypto’s reputation as a boys’ club does not come as a surprise: It sits at the very intersection of tech and finance, perpetuating the legacy of “bro culture” that is coded into Silicon Valley and Wall Street. It was only in 2020 when Citigroup bank appointed the company’s first female CEO, Jane Fraser. This was a milestone in its 200-year long history and in the history of Wall Street itself, having the first woman lead one of the largest Wall Street banks.

Meanwhile, cases of sexual harassment run rampant across pioneering tech firms, as seen in the case of Riot Games, for example, where it has been implied that women simply do not belong. Just four years ago, the 2018 North American Bitcoin Conference culminated in a notorious networking event held at a Miami strip club. Though the organizers later expressed regret at their choice of venue, the story is only one of many incidents in crypto’s history of diminishing the role of women in the industry.

The perception of crypto’s proclivity toward men clearly needs rehabilitation, and the business case for this is evident. An inclusive crypto ecosystem not only broadens its appeal to a wider audience but, more importantly, helps crypto move into the mainstream. While there is no shortage of interest or talents in crypto among women, the most outspoken crypto traders and influencers speak to a male audience simply because these influencers are men themselves. In fact, CryptoHead’s 2021 list of the world’s top 50 crypto figures features an all-male ensemble — a symptom of serious gender underrepresentation via the absence of women entirely.

Numbers speak louder than words

Women still suffer from the problematic legacy of the male-dominated finance ecosystem, be it existing barriers to personal finance or in ascending the rungs of the corporate ladder. On Forbes’ 2021 Billionaires List, all 12 crypto tycoons are men. While this could be attributed to first-mover advantage, Amber Baldet, former blockchain program lead at JP Morgan Chase, believes that women are just not being publicly recognized for their industry-shaping work because of skewed media coverage.

At the same time, female-led projects are seeing less support across the board. 2021 marked the second consecutive year where the percentage of women’s VC funding shrank despite total funding levels hitting record highs.

The reality is that crypto is still a nascent industry, so everything, including HR processes, is new, while the lack of diversity further deepens the industry’s unawareness of necessary workplace policies that best support women. As the discourse on gender disparity in crypto continues to gather steam, the solution must go beyond hitting diversity quotas for the sake of it and instead focus on ensuring that women have equal opportunities and a conducive work environment, starting from the hiring stage.

Related: 10 women who used crypto to make a difference in 2021

Why empowerment at every stage is imperative

When key women executives are appointed because of their professional expertise and industry track record, it is undoubtedly an encouraging sign that the crypto industry’s attempts to narrow the gender gap are genuine. It is high time that the industry recognizes and rewards female talents instead of lapsing into lazy platitudes and cheap wins where we celebrate diversity for diversity’s sake. Women are stepping up to a variety of leadership and entrepreneurial roles in the field, and more can be done to break the stigma of women in crypto being locked into influencer stereotypes.

Representation begets representation — exposure to female figures in the industry will go a long way to encourage young women who are looking to get into the industry. But for women to be supported at every stage of their crypto careers, it is important to consider broad deep-seated gender inequalities that limit their capacities to succeed at work.

Women globally have been found to spend two to ten times more time on unpaid care work than men. This could include housework and caregiving duties focused on children, the sick and the elderly — areas that many companies underestimate. Empowering women with more flexibility and control over their working hours, for one, is only a small step for success and the nature of crypto as a global and distributed industry certainly facilitates this flexibility.

Related: Is crypto a boys’ club? The future of finance is not gendered

The key to success in the crypto industry, however, lies in realizing crypto’s promise as a social and financial instrument for freedom. It has the potential to redefine the financial industry both economically and culturally, as it is an avenue for financial freedom that can do away with age-old power structures of the traditional financial industry. Until there are more initiatives that champion crypto’s underlying philosophy as well as more women and many more communities represented in the field, it is fair to say that it is men who “simply don’t get it.”

Leveling the playing field for financial inclusion

Crypto has a lot to offer to the financially underserved and, more often than not, women are more disadvantaged than men in this arena. Women make up 55 percent of the world’s unbanked population — this means almost one billion women globally have little to no financial security, and this is a problem that crypto can help to address.

Naturally, the anonymity that blockchain technology affords and the autonomy that decentralized finance (DeFi) offers to make crypto an enticing solution to the lack of financial access so many women face. Want to make a living for yourself but societal constraints limit financial autonomy even after you are paid? Crypto can empower you to get paid in Bitcoin (BTC) like how activists Fereshteh Forough and Roya Mahboob helped hundreds of Afghan girls, who previously had little control over their finances, to reclaim their agency. Want to set up a business? Accept payment in crypto — no husband needed.

Decentralized and devoid of discrimination

All technologies are inherently neutral by design and this also applies to blockchain. It does not care about your age, gender, race or socioeconomic status. The prospect of overcoming systemic challenges and crypto’s offer of greater financial freedom and independence could not be more welcome and apt.

In fact, things are looking up with 2021 being a defining year for women investors. From crypto trading app Robinhood reporting a 369% increase in its female users, to Cardify reporting that women made up more than 15% of total cryptocurrency deposits — a marked 5.6 percent increase from their study the year before — it’s apparent that women are increasingly cognizant of crypto’s potential as a tool for financial empowerment.

Everyone stands to gain when women have financial freedom among disadvantaged communities or in boardrooms in need of more diversity. Ultimately, whether it is encouraging women to regard crypto as a valid pathway to financial empowerment or championing gender diversity in the crypto industry, the road ahead is still a long one as the industry collectively addresses the gender gap and prove that crypto is integral to the future that everyone has been waiting for.

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the author’s alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

Annabelle Huang is a managing partner at Amber Group, a global digital asset platform that provides a full range of digital asset services spanning investing, financing and trading, servicing over 1,000 institutional clients and a growing number of individual investors worldwide. Prior to joining Amber Group, Annabelle served as the Asia lead at AirSwap and was part of the FX Structuring desk at Deutsche Bank. Annabelle is an advocate for more women to be part of the crypto conversation. She is a mentor of the Female Entrepreneurs Worldwide (FEW) Incubator, Asia DeFi Network and Brinc Accelerator.

Hong Kong-Listed HK Asia Holdings Increases Its Bitcoin Investment to 8.88 BTC

Projects are collecting Toys for Tots crypto donations this holiday season

“The cryptocurrency bull market has been good to all of us in this industry and this holiday season is the perfect time to pay it forward,” said Unbanked co-CEO Ian Kane.

This holiday season, fintech provider Unbanked will be enabling crypto donations for Toys for Tots, a program run by the United States Marine Corps that collects toys to distribute to disadvantaged children.

In a Dec. 2 announcement, Unbanked said it would be allowing users to donate cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH) as part of a fundraising effort for Toys for Tots. Until Dec. 20, good Samaritans can send any amount of money towards the program which has given 604 million toys to 272 million children across the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

“The cryptocurrency bull market has been good to all of us in this industry and this holiday season is the perfect time to pay it forward,” said Unbanked co-CEO Ian Kane. “We naturally wanted to use the benefits of crypto to give back during this holiday season.”

Unbanked does not exclusively represent all crypto users’ philanthropic endeavors, however. A project operating under the name Elf Token reported it has received $41,200 to be used toward purchases for Toys for Tots as of Dec. 4, with a goal of raising $100,000 over the holiday season. In addition, the Giving Block, a platform which allows non-profit organizations and charities to accept donations in crypto, currently enables donations using many tokens for the toy collection program.

Related: Charity platform expects significantly larger crypto than fiat donations for Giving Tuesdayx

Charities, universities, faith-based organizations and others have stepped up the number and amount of donations in crypto as part of Giving Tuesday this year. Cointelegraph reported on Dec. 2 that the Giving Block raised $2.4 million in crypto this year, representing a 583% increase from the Tuesday after Thanksgiving in 2020. The platform is aiming to raise more than $100 million in crypto donations by the end of the year.

Hong Kong-Listed HK Asia Holdings Increases Its Bitcoin Investment to 8.88 BTC

Arcane Research predicts 700 million Lightning Network users by 2030

Arcane Research says that Lightning Network usage has been on a steep upwards trajectory since late last year, but in September growth went parabolic off the back of El Salvador's Bitcoin adoption.

The research unit of Arcane Crypto predicts the Lightning Network will go parabolic as adoption of the Bitcoin layer-two payment protocol ramps up over the decade.

Arcane Research published the “State of Lightning” report on Oct. 5, and analyzed the Lightning Network in terms of current capacity, wallet payment volume, the growing rate of adoption, and the switch from online services to everyday usage.

The report provides ambitious estimates for the future of the Lighting Network, such as 90% of Salvadorians over the age of 15 having access to Lightning payments by 2026, and 50 million Lightning users, representing $17 billion in annualized payments, for things like remittances and household expenditure by 2030.

Arcane sees gaming and streaming video and audio as a major use case for Lightning with streaming companies such as Spotify or Netflix able to utilize the network for micro-transactions to offer pay per minute, or persecond streaming services, representing an “enormous” chance to onboard new Lightning users.

It forecasts 700 million users in these categories by 2030. Using an estimate of 1 hours per day on these services, and 25% of the time spent on those with Lightning payments, Arcane assumes there will be one micro-transaction per second:

"Our estimate then equals no less than 364 trillion Lightning transactions per year," the report says.

The research was conducted in collaboration with Bitcoin payments company OpenNode, and highlights how usage of the Lightning Network sharply increased since late last year.  El Salvador’s adoption of Bitcoin (BTC) on Sept. 7 propelled the network ever further:

“In September 2021 growth went parabolic. This was driven mainly by the introduction of Bitcoin as legal tender in El Salvador.”

The report also highlights the significance of peer-to-peer crypto exchange Paxful enabling Lighting payments to its user base of 7 million last month, as well as Twitter’s integration with the network by launching a BTC tipping service for its 186 million users.

Current capacity

Since Lighting went live on Bitcoin nearly three years ago the network has grown to hold a capacity of almost 3,000 BTC, with 17,000 nodes operating on the network and 73,700 unique channels.

“As of writing, the public Bitcoin capacity on Lightning equals more than $120 million, with users across the world finding value in the option to conduct near-instant small payments at very negligible fees,” the report read.

But while publicly available metrics such as total channel capacity show rapid growth in adoption, wallet payment volumes have far out performed that metric since August.

“We have focused on mainstream usage through wallet providers, as we believe this is the best measuring stick of adoption. Therefore, the estimated numbers do not contain the activity from developers, channel rebalancing, most b2b transactions, etc,” the report read.

According to Arcane, wallet payment volume has increased by 20% month-over-month since August, which far exceeds the monthly growth rate of 10% from the metric of channel capacity.

“In September, the discrepancy widened further, with payment volume almost doubling compared to a 26% increase in public channel capacity,” the report read.

Payment volume: Arcane Research

El Salvador and other countries

Arcane estimates that close to 90% of the population from El Salvador 15 years or older will have access to Lightning payments by 2026.

The estimate relies on a range of central assumptions such as a 15% yearly growth rate of internet adoption previously seen in 2018 and 2019, along with president Nayib Bukele’s figure of 2.1 million Chivo wallet users from September being correct.

Related: Bitcoin Lightning nodes and channels hit record highs

The report predicts that if other countries with “poor banking access” can follow the suit of El Salvador, there could be 50 million Lightning users who would represent $17 billion in annualized payment volume on the network by 2030.

Potential adoption growth in El Salvador: Arcane Research

Hong Kong-Listed HK Asia Holdings Increases Its Bitcoin Investment to 8.88 BTC

Egyptian Banks Set to Launch Multi-Million Dollar Fintech Fund

Egyptian Banks Set to Launch Multi-Million Dollar Fintech FundEgyptian banks are reportedly on course to launch a $69.6 million fund which is earmarked to support the country’s fintech companies. According to a report, this fund is expected primarily to target the digital banking and financial services sector. Fintech Apps Targeted Fintech apps that can extend banking and financial services to all segments of […]

Hong Kong-Listed HK Asia Holdings Increases Its Bitcoin Investment to 8.88 BTC

Stablecoin adoption and the future of financial inclusion

With the proper regulation, stablecoins could potentially fulfill their promise and enable more funds to reach those in greatest need.

Institutional interest in crypto is growing, confirmed by a Goldman Sachs survey, which found that 40% of the company’s high-net-worth clients were already exposed to cryptocurrencies. Stablecoins — which offer a more secure and steady option in the crypto space — have experienced hyper-growth, reaching a $119 billion market cap. The volatility of crypto has attracted more conservative investors to asset-backed stablecoins.

Stablecoins are a form of private money. As Christina Segal-Knowles, executive director for financial markets infrastructure at the Bank of England, points out, modern money is a combination of public and private funds, up to 95% of which in developed economies is private. She adds:

“If new forms of digital money can be made safe, they could potentially contribute to faster, cheaper and more efficient payments with greater functionality. They could increase the resilience of payments. And they could even have long-term benefits for financial stability.”

True stablecoins, which are non-interest-bearing coins designed to have a firm value against a reference currency or asset, have an important role in the future of global finance. They offer low-cost, safe, real-time payments. Doing so makes it cheaper to accept payments and easier for governments to run conditional cash transfer programs while lowering the cost of remittances and connecting the unbanked to the financial system.

Related: What form of digital assets will be the future of payments?

We grew up with the gold standard; creating new financial instruments backed by gold and other real-world assets that protect value and allow people to borrow against their assets makes sense. The global monetary system as we know it is not that old — it’s only been 75 years since Bretton Woods.

Only 50 years ago, however, President Richard Nixon announced that the U.S. dollar would no longer be backed by gold as it had been since Bretton Woods. Now that system is under threat, not only from governments printing money as if there is no tomorrow and the resurgence of inflation but also from stablecoins.

Related: Stablecoins present new dilemmas for regulators as mass adoption looms

In particular, Facebook's announcement of the Libra project in 2019 made regulators sit up with its potential to become global and access billions of users through its social network platform. China is exploring cross-border payments in its digital yuan development, which could extend to the more than 50 lower middle income countries part of the Belt and Road Initiative. These countries are home to the majority of the world’s population. The rollout of the digital yuan could potentially unseat the U.S. dollar as the backbone of the global financial system.

Stablecoins and emerging economies

On the other hand, the potential positive value of stablecoins is in emerging economies and for populations under threat. Think of people watching the value of their hard-earned savings erode or citizens of countries like Venezuela and Lebanon watching their currencies nosedive. Think of how the global COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the urgent need for low-cost, direct digital transfers.

In a recent paper, Katherine Foster and other researchers highlighted that stablecoins carry the potential to facilitate secure and convenient transactions without volatility at a lower cost than mobile money held in a wide variety of non-bank wallets. That positive value is badly needed as global remittances, a critical development finance flow, have fallen during the pandemic due to job losses for migrant workers. Remittances saw their most serious decline in recent history, falling by almost 20% from $554 billion in 2019 to around $445 billion in 2020.

The humanitarian community also sees the potential and has pushed the boundaries on blockchain technology to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its interventions. Ric Shreves, director of emerging technology at Mercy Corps, sees stablecoins as a compelling use case: “Imagine if we had a low volatility low-cost coin that was acceptable globally. How could that impact our work? It could impact our work from everything, from back-office operations, us moving money into difficult places, to actually doing direct distributions, to our program participants, there’s a number of really compelling use cases for that technology.”

Related: Digitizing charity: We can do better at doing good

Developing countries are already embracing crypto. The 10 top countries with cryptocurrency users globally include Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Venezuela, Colombia and Vietnam. The latest crypto report from Finder, a financial product comparison website, also reports that emerging economies like Vietnam, India and Indonesia are leading in the crypto adoption race. The trend of consumers from emerging markets in Latin America, Africa and East Asia turning to crypto may preserve savings they may otherwise lose to economic turbulence.

Stablecoins and the new financial order

Building a new decentralized financial system with stablecoins will fundamentally change how people save and use their assets and money. Here are some of the reasons why:

  • Stablecoins have the potential to overcome significant shortcomings and friction in existing cross-border payments, which is vital for remittances and reducing the cost of remittances.
  • Stablecoins can promote welfare as countries recover from the catastrophic consequences of the global pandemic with money distributions, like the stimulus packages currently being distributed to the millions of unemployed during the COVID-19 outbreak.
  • Stablecoins can positively impact financial inclusion — using electronic money for payments and savings will allow people to build digital histories, which are essential for access to credit.
  • Stablecoins can extend cross-border trading opportunities for small and micro businesses.
  • Commercially issued stablecoins could present an alternative for the unbanked and provide greater stability by giving them access to a store of value, enabling them to save without overcoming high barriers to entry for banking services.

Related: The way of the stablecoin: A journey toward stability, trust and decentralization

“We're going to have more humanitarian crises, sadly, as a result of COVID-19,” said Sofie Blakstad, founder and CEO of hiveonline. “And we're also going to have less money. So now is the moment to really use tech to prove how we can deliver these goals more cheaply.”

Stablecoins and challenges

There are hurdles to achieve this. Despite their name, stablecoins do not guarantee stability. There is a lack of uniform standardized taxonomy for stablecoins. The United States Federal Reserve has called for a comprehensive regulatory framework for stablecoins. Moreover, any solution would need to address consumer protection, financial stability and financial crime prevention. Furthermore, there will be regulatory challenges across diverse economies, jurisdictions, legal systems and different levels of economic development. These challenges would require harmonizing legal and regulatory frameworks governing data use and sharing, competition policy, consumer protection and digital identity.

F. Christopher Calabia, a former senior vice president and banking supervisor at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, raised five critical questions on the potential of stablecoins for the poor in his paper “Could the Poor Bank on Stablecoins?” These important questions were: Will stablecoin processing speeds be fast enough for the poor? Will technology available to the poor support stablecoins? What will stablecoins cost the poor? How will stablecoin issuers comply with e-money regulations? How will financial systems with limited foreign exchange reserves adapt to stablecoins?

We need the innovators to understand the financial needs of the poor and develop valuable tools for them. At the same time, we need the regulators to reconsider who may provide services and how. Today, we are in an exciting and experimental era of “reinventing money,” how we use it and how people earn it.

With the proper regulation, a stablecoin could be made safe for wide-scale use and fulfill its promise by enabling more funds to reach those in greatest need. For stablecoins to be useful to the poor, they will need widespread adoption by consumers, merchants, businesses and governments. With intentionality, purpose and a nuanced understanding of the needs of the poor, the blockchain community has the technology and the spirit to do this.

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the author’s alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

Jane Thomason is a thought leader on Blockchain for Social Impact. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of Queensland. She has had multiple roles with the British Blockchain & Frontier Technology Association, Kerala Blockchain Association, Africa Blockchain Centre of Excellence, UCL Centre for Blockchain Technology, Frontiers in Blockchain, and Fintech Diversity Radar. She has written multiple books and articles on Blockchain. She has been featured in Top 100 Women in Crypto, Top 10 Digital Frontier Women, Top 100 Fintech Influencers for SDGs, and Top 50 Global Thought Leaders and Influencers on Blockchain.

Hong Kong-Listed HK Asia Holdings Increases Its Bitcoin Investment to 8.88 BTC

How will blockchain and crypto improve the lives of LGBTQ+ people? Experts answer

Here’s what crypto and blockchain experts think about the impact of blockchain technology on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people.

Shidan Gouran of Gulf Pearl:

Shidan is a co-founder of Gulf Pearl, a Canadian merchant bank and advisory firm with a focus on emerging technologies.

“With respect to blockchain technology, the ability to easily move wealth from one country to another and to prevent seizure of assets due to belonging to a particular religious, political, social or ethnic group is a very powerful feature that public blockchains can enable. All truly democratic countries should implement safeguard measures against the potential of a tyrannical government formation because no system is perfect.

I believe digital bearer instruments enabled by blockchains are one such safeguard. There are countries where members of the LGBTQ community face such discrimination, and being able to secure a measure of their wealth in the event of such a potential threat is a very powerful feature.

Of course, these technologies, like any powerful tool, can also be used for great harm to society, such as ransomware and money laundering. Both sides of the equation need to be considered when it comes to regulations.”

These quotes have been edited and condensed.

The views, thoughts and opinions expressed here are the authors’ alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

Robbie Heeger of Endaoment:

Robbie is the president and CEO of Endaoment, ​​a community foundation and public charity offering donor-advised funds built atop the Ethereum blockchain.

“Emerging technologies, especially blockchain technology, can be a powerful force for acceptance, equity and change in our society — especially for those who’ve been historically marginalized and oppressed.

Not only have some platforms spurred direct action and fundraising for community organizations working with the LGBTQIA community but the technology powering these platforms is transformationally anonymized and accessible. Where people were once discriminated against for their orientation, they are now free to access markets and financial tools that have been historically segregated to those in positions of power and wealth. No longer is financial freedom hidden behind dubious character evaluations or burdensome application processes meant to reinforce the othering of those who are different.

Systemic oppression demonizes unique identities and cultures to shut people out of economic opportunity, reinforcing the false argument that those who are different from the masses are worse off and a drain on society. Nothing could be further from the truth. The iterative, inclusive, permissionless accessibility of blockchain infrastructure celebrates those who build from crypto’s first principles. These developers are building tools for a world that not only don’t discriminate but physically can’t discriminate — encouraging the adoption of solutions that serve the widest possible cross-section of society.”

Paul McNeal, Bitcoin evangelist:

Paul is the news curator at The Crypto Curator, a platform with news, podcasts, video, blogs and social media information about crypto.

“‘Bitcoin fixes this.’ We’ve heard this so many times and for so many reasons. Since being exposed to Bitcoin back in 2011, I’ve come to understand the power it possesses in all aspects of life. There is this ‘unifying force’ that pulls people in from all walks of life.

I believe the LGBTQ community can benefit by being involved in the Bitcoin community. Not only will it change the trajectory of your financial future, it will also bring you into a community that doesn’t discriminate. It doesn’t matter if you are gay, straight, black, white, religious, atheist, Democrat, Republican, etc. — what matters is that you come to understand that Bitcoin is for everyone.

When you buy Bitcoin, ‘it’ gets better. What is ‘it’? It is different for everyone. Bitcoin provides freedom, where you can live on your terms and not someone else’s. It increases your resources year over year and decreases your stress because you have more to work with.

I strongly encourage you to get involved on social media. If you do, you will see just how amazing the Bitcoin community can be. I’ve built some amazing friendships with folks, and they don’t care that I am gay. My life has been transformed by being involved in Bitcoin, and I hope yours will too.”

Mike Musante of Decentralized Pictures:

Mike is a co-founder of Decentralized Pictures, a nonprofit organization and blockchain-based filmmaking platform.

“The film industry has traditionally been very insular and somewhat closed off to new and innovative voices in film, art and culture. Blockchain technology has the power to open it up by democratizing the process of talent and content curation, allowing for greater inclusion in the voices that get to speak through media and film. Our decentralized platform’s mission is to provide access to independent and underrepresented talent hoping to break into the film industry, by promoting a content curation process through which users all over the world vote on the most deserving projects.

Unfortunately, only a small percentage of current filmmakers are part of the LGBTQ community, despite its many talented, passionate members. Often, these individuals face inherent biases, which can be eliminated by utilizing blockchain technology for a fair voting process.”

Li Jun of Ontology:

Li is the founder of Ontology, a blockchain for self-sovereign ID, decentralized digital ID and data.

“Unfortunately, centralized systems and existing technology no longer provide the security needed to ensure users are protected from bad actors. Every day, we hear of more data leaks and further security breaches. For LGBTQ people living in certain countries, the leaking of private information related to their digital identities can cause genuine danger and, in some instances, can even become a matter of life or death.

People should have a right to control how their identity is tracked in the digital sphere. Decentralized identity protocols built on blockchains can give users back control over what they share online and with whom. Among the current regulatory chatter that often criticizes the anonymity afforded by blockchain, it is important to note that some minorities are not afforded the luxury of privacy or civil liberties, making anonymity not only essential for them but also one of the beautiful benefits of blockchain technology.”

Joe DiPasquale of BitBull Capital and StartOut:

Joe is the CEO of BitBull Capital, which manages cryptocurrency hedge funds, and a co-founder of StartOut, a nonprofit organization dedicated to creating business leaders by fostering lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer entrepreneurs.

“Technology has been of the utmost importance to the LGBTQ community. From our formative years, many use technology and social platforms to find other LGBTQ people, even before they’ve come out or spoken out to those around them. Often, the first research people will do is online and on forums.

LGBT youth make up more than 40% of homeless youth in America. So, the importance of technological platforms to help connectivity, whether this is through the web or even through apps and mobile phones that underprivileged youth have access to, cannot be overstated.

The impact of technology now in healthcare is also vastly important, from the advent of HIV drugs (from those that treat to those that prevent) to the increase in knowledge transfer for specific LGBTQ issues around health among doctors often only familiar with heteronormative medicine.

With the blockchain, many pioneering LGBT entrepreneurs have looked into ways to support the community through commerce, from LGBT Token to chambers of commerce focused on queer people. One important thing I always hear from those working in the AI and blockchain space is how diverse it is as opposed to other industries. The technology and meritocratic focus of our vertical lends itself to open-minded, forward-thinking people.

With NFTs, artists have the ability to create unique digital art and have ownership of those rights. Due to its digital nature, the art can be very specific and be still appreciated by a number of people. I was just speaking with a friend recently about an international digital artist whose art he was appreciating from around the world because it spoke to something they both had experienced as LGBTQ people but wouldn’t necessarily have connected through before if bound to the physical realm of art.

Technology has absolutely helped me on my own journey as an LGBTQ person and will certainly continue with the new advancements in health, finance, safety and representation that we are seeing burgeoning with the most recent advancements.”

Jarrell James of cLabs:

Jarrell is the head of developer relations at cLabs, a member of the Alliance for Prosperity and part of the community working on Celo — an open, decentralized platform designed to support stablecoins and tokenized assets.

“There are a number of emerging technologies that are poised to elevate the lives of LGBTQ folks and, really, any disenfranchised person. The early days of Facebook groups allowed for millions of queer people from around the world to organize and create space for themselves and subsequently fight for legislation that reflected their reality. In the same vein, there is a ton of promise in using mobile peer-to-peer transactions to help queer folks looking to fund a transition while staying anonymous or raise money to leave an oppressive situation, whatever it may be.

In addition, projects like Mirror not only allow queer voices to be heard but also compensated securely and in real time, simply for being themselves and sharing their experiences with the world through writing. Many of the decentralized communities building technology ecosystems, like Ethereum and Celo, are highly inclusive and designed to elevate voices from all corners of the globe.”

Giacomo Arcaro, European growth hacker:

Giacomo is also the chief marketing officer of Blackchain, a management consulting company focusing on the blockchain industry.

“One of the use cases of blockchain that still has yet to reach mass adoption is data privacy. If you are browsing Google Chrome, Google is watching you and collecting your data, and at any moment, an oppressive government can order Google to hand over your data to see what you have been viewing. Browsers like Brave allow you to store your data on a blockchain, and because you own your private keys, no third party can step in and take a look.

Blockchains are decentralized and encrypted, so your data is 100% safe as long as you own the private keys and hide them well so that no oppressive government can gain access. This data privacy aspect of blockchain will undoubtedly grow in use cases as centralized entities gain more and more power.

The obvious protections here allow for LGBTQ members to no longer fear search engines, as they can freely browse without entity involvement peeking in. The data protections allow them to purchase items as they please, as well, without running the risk of interception, empowering the LGBTQ community economically as well as boosting privacy.”

Eloisa Marchesoni, ICO, IEO and STO adviser:

Eloisa is also the co-founder of Blackchain, a management consulting company focusing on the blockchain industry.

“Online surveillance and censorship have cast a shadow over this marginalized community.

Tokyo-based Famiee Project began to issue blockchain-backed partnership certificates for same-sex couples in early 2021. To apply for a certificate, couples need to download an app, verify their personal details and sign a declaration. Using blockchain means the data is not changed, and the system works without some central owners, keeping the data available for the family and their next generations. From employer spousal benefits, including parental leave and life insurance, to getting permission from landlords to live together, the practical benefits couples gain from obtaining a recognized proof of marriage can have a material impact on the lives and finances of LGBTQ partners.

Plans for the LGBT Token went far beyond just setting up a cryptocurrency, with goals including:

  • Using the LGBT Token to buy at-risk gay users airplane tickets to escape.
  • Directly funding LGBT organizations without the money being blocked by anti-LGBT governments.
  • Granting access to reliable, affordable HIV tests without visiting a hard-to-reach healthcare center and risking outing.
  • Event ticket purchases via app, gaining access to events with a QR-code, all while keeping identities protected.

Finding a way to transfer money that doesn’t need approval from a government that may outlaw being LGBTQ is crucial now.”

Elissa Shevinsky of Cointelegraph:

Elissa is the chief technology officer of Cointelegraph, the world's foremost blockchain-focused media platform.

“We are seeing that NFTs can be a vehicle to help artists and other creatives support their work, outside traditional funding sources (whether that’s Hollywood or Wall Street.) One of my favorite examples is seeing Mila Kunis produce Stoner Cats as an NFT in partnership with Big Head. Even someone as powerful as Kunis felt the difficulties of getting funding for non-mainstream art.

We’re seeing many artists — less well-known artists — using NFTs to connect with patrons and collectors. This helps a very wide range of previously marginalized people, and certainly LGBTQAI people.

As for other emerging tech, there’s good and bad. AI is the classic example. Do we have the wisdom and foresight to use AI for good? Who is harmed if we do not?”

Don Richmond of Filmio:

Don is the chief marketing officer of Filmio Inc., a decentralized entertainment ecosystem for the filmmaking and TV industries.

“Blockchain is a great tool to circumvent oppressive power structures. Although the technology does not necessarily have the capacity to provide the rights and freedoms that members of the LGBTQ community deserve, it has the ability to offer financial and organizational viability via its decentralized, democratic protocols. As many societies in many parts of the world try to exclude LGBTQ members from fair participation in the economy, blockchain can provide alternative means to earning income and building businesses.

But beyond the economic factor, there is even plenty of potential within the arts to empower the LGBTQ communities around the world to connect, create, fund and share. For example, in countries where LGBTQ films are not permitted or socially accepted — and therefore do not get funding and/or an audience — blockchain can give creators who are either part of the LGBTQ community or want to talk about LGBTQ issues the means to find their audience, market their project, and get funding and distribution.

Emergent technologies have taken a giant step toward disintermediating the prevailing power structures and have placed access to resources back into the hands of the people.”

Cristina Dolan of InsideChains:

Cristina is the founder and CEO of InsideChains, which helps organizations create solutions and new business models by utilizing a blockchain layer for trust. She is also former chair of MIT Enterprise Forum and co-author of the upcoming book “Transparency in ESG and the Circular Economy.”

“When Apple first released its credit card, there were stories about gender discrimination. Traditional banks are risk averse and regulated to prevent systemic risk, which can result in unintentional discrimination and lack of inclusivity. Gender doesn’t need to be a factor in the eligibility for financial services. Technology is powering new fintech solutions that offer a wide array of innovative services.

Open banking has made it possible for AI and data-enabled credit solutions to be offered at scale in cost-effective ways. Individuals and companies now have access to credit without the requirement for traditional historical risk profiles. Neobanks offer cost-effective, efficient transactions.

Today, crypto-enabled platforms are offering greater returns and a variety of services that do not have narrow requirements for eligibility. Account access on blockchain platforms is controlled by customers with their private and public keypairs and doesn’t require an intermediary organization. A new generation of verification platforms allows for third-party identity verification, eliminating full disclosure of sensitive information with every financial institution for Know Your Customer regulatory disclosures. Distributed and advanced technologies are providing a growing number of improved financial services to a more diverse population where customers have greater control.”

Christof Wittig of Hornet:

Christof is the founder and CEO of Hornet, a queer social network with over 30 million users worldwide.

“Emerging technologies play a major role for the LGBTQ community, whether we like it or not.

On the negative side, 64% of adult LGBTQ Americans have reported online discrimination and harassment on the ‘big five’ heteronormative social networks [Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube and TikTok], according to the recently published Social Media Safety Index by GLAAD. That is the highest number of positive responses among any minority in the U.S. and is up from 40% in a similar study conducted by Hornet and Kantar in 2018. We see day in and day out how technology amplifies all aspects of our lives, including all the negatives, from LGBTQ discrimination in the U.S. to the actions of the 71 countries that are still criminalizing being LGBTQ today.

On the positive side, we can use the sheer scale of technology to make it a powerful force for good. Hornet’s social network provides a safe space for members of the LGBTQ community, allowing authentic social connections to emerge even when people are locked down during COVID-19, live in a far-flung place away from the queer centers of this world, or are inhibited through other reasons from easily connecting with other queer people to find that inherent love and belonging that is so easily experienceable in offline community meetups, etc.

Hornet already makes extensive use of AI to detect suspicious patterns to identify catfish, spammers and attackers, and we continuously seek to develop ‘proof-of-work’ concepts such as the ‘Hornet Badge’ to verify identities. We cannot rely on government-issued IDs as these could turn into peril if such information were to get into the wrong hands (including by hacking, government court orders, or through carelessness or profiteering by companies that don’t put the well-being of our community front and center in their business.)

In the long run, I believe that blockchain, a decentralized technology, is a perfect match for a decentralized community like ours. And just like a nation-state has IDs, a currency and a budget, blockchain gives us the tools to provide for identity (pseudonymity), value storage and transfer, and some form of funding or taxation to put resources behind projects of common interest. To this end, we have initiated the LGBT Foundation and look forward to working with interested members of the crypto and the LGBTQ communities to develop the underlying infrastructure.”

Caroline Pugliese of Rally:

Caroline is the director of creator partnerships, entertainment, at Rally — an open network that enables creators to launch independent economies powered by the Ethereum blockchain.

“Crypto offers some of the most positive developments and opportunities for the LGBTQ community that we’ve seen in tech over the past few decades. Social tokens, in particular, are a burgeoning space that’s ideal for building community support for LGBTQ talent and small businesses, as well as providing space for specific cause-driven activations without the risk of being deplatformed or demonetized. The privacy that blockchain can provide and the open access to many crypto platforms allows people to participate even when their community or physical location is not accepting of the LGBTQ population.

The emergence of DAOs is also very promising for the digital communities that are being created. They can be remarkably niche, formed around topics that allow people to come together around a cause and create opportunities in a fair, community-oriented way. DAOs have the potential to create ways for members to have a safe space to communicate, have a say in the governance of a project and find ways to give back to both the DAO members and the larger LGBTQ community around the world. At the same time, the emergence of NFTs and their ongoing royalties provide LGBTQ talent, who may have previously struggled to find equal opportunities for their creative work, a way to get compensated and be given credit for what they have created.”

Introduction

We live in a world where in at least 69 countries, there are national laws that criminalize same-sex relations between adults, though it’s only fair to note that this number has been decreasing over time. Emerging technologies play an important role in the process of protecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people from violence and discrimination and providing access to healthcare and financial services. Being part of the LGBTQ community myself, I witness the many positive changes that decentralized technologies can offer us as a community.

Last year, the world witnessed the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is still affecting everyone today. According to research released last month, “People with HIV have an increased risk of being admitted to [the] hospital with severe COVID-19 and of dying from COVID-19.” According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the population most vulnerable to HIV is the LGBTQ community, with the risk of acquiring HIV being 34 times higher for transgender women and 25 times higher among gay men. In response, the LGBT Foundation has decided to place HIV tests on the blockchain, which “makes the entire process transparent and traceable” and helps prevent HIV from spreading among vulnerable populations. As Erik Lamontagne, senior economist at UNAIDS, said: “This technology enables us to move almost as quickly as epidemics are moving. And this is fantastic! This is one of the opportunities.”

Even in developed countries, such as the United States, LGBTQ people face financial challenges because of their sexual or gender identity. Cryptocurrencies and decentralized finance can improve financial accessibility and inclusion, especially for minority groups, and blockchain technology can transparently distribute funding, which also can benefit the LGBTQ community.

Related: Cointelegraph Talks recap: Blockchain giving power to LGBTQ people

Emerging technologies are gaining momentum, becoming not just an innovative niche industry but rather our daily practice. To find out what crypto and blockchain industry representatives think about the impact of these technologies on the LGBTQ community, Cointelegraph reached out to a number of them to ask their opinions on the following questions: Can emerging technologies help members of the LGBTQ community improve their lives? And if yes, how?

Hong Kong-Listed HK Asia Holdings Increases Its Bitcoin Investment to 8.88 BTC