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White House to build international standards for DLT

The White House national strategy listed eight emerging technologies with a focus on building international standards and finding use cases in the economic sector.

The United States White House released the national standards strategy for key and emerging technologies on May 4. The national strategy identified eight technology sectors that will have a great economic impact in the near future.

Among the eight technologies that focus on artificial intelligence, communication and network technologies, biotechnology, semiconductors and more, the listing of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and digital identity infrastructure grabbed the crypto community’s attention the most.

DLT permits concurrent access, record validation, and record updating throughout a networked database. Blockchain technology is based on DLT, making it possible for users to see any changes and the people who made them, lowering the need for auditing data, ensuring data reliability, and restricting access to only those who actually need it.

The national strategy aims to increase U.S. leadership in the development of international standards for these emerging technologies. The American government is actively involved in building synergies with the private sector to promote and build international standards for such emerging technologies.

Related: SEC has 10 days to respond to Coinbase complaint: Legal exec

The most prominent example of such collaboration and standard development includes the telecom and communications standard development. For example, the initial proposal for 3G was made in the 1990s by Qualcomm Technologies, and the subsequent proposal for LTE, the dominant standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals, was made in the 2000s by NTT Docomo, a major Japanese mobile phone provider.

The national strategy suggests the likes of DLT and digital infrastructure would increasingly impact and be widely used in the economic sector. Some of the key areas where these technologies will be actively tested include automated and connected infrastructure, such as smart communities and the Internet of Things (IoT). DLT can especially find great use in building cybersecurity and privacy-based features and services.

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US vice president gathers top tech CEOs to discuss dangers of AI

Vice President Harris gathered the heads of several AI development firms to discuss potential risks posed by the budding technology.

The United States vice president and President Biden’s top advisors have held a meeting with several AI industry CEOs to discuss “concerns about the risks associated with AI.”

On May 4, U.S. vice president Kamala Harris was joined by nine top Biden administration advisors in science, national security, policy and economics, meeting with the CEOs of OpenAI, Microsoft, Google and AI startup Anthropic.

Notably, tech giant Meta’s CEO Mark Zuckerberg was absent from the meeting.

Before the meeting, the White House released a flurry of AI-related announcements regarding funding AI research facilities, government AI policy, and AI systems evaluation.

The meeting focused on the transparency of AI systems, the importance of evaluating and validating the safety of AI and ensuring AI is secured from malicious actors, as per the announcement.

Reportedly, the government and the tech CEOs agreed “more work is needed to develop and ensure appropriate safeguards and protections” for AI.

The CEOs committed to engaging with the White House to ensure Americans can “benefit from AI innovation.” No specific details were shared on what safeguards were needed or what the engagement with the government exactly entails.

Meta chief Mark Zuckerberg was absent from the meeting despite the company working on AI for years. A White House official told CNN “It was focused on companies currently leading in the space.”

The Biden administration also highlighted — without going into specifics — its work to address national security concerns posed by AI, specifically mentioning cybersecurity and biosecurity.

It said these efforts would ensure AI firms “have access to best practices” to protect AI networks from state cybersecurity experts from the “national security community.”

White House banks big on AI

On the same day, the Biden Administration announced it would put aside $140 million to launch seven new National AI Research Institutes, bringing the total to 25 across the country.

“These Institutes bolster America’s AI [research and development] infrastructure,” the White House said. It added the institutes would “drive breakthroughs” in areas such as “climate, agriculture, energy, public health, education, and cybersecurity.”

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In a separate announcement, the government said AI development firms including Anthropic, Google, Microsoft, OpenAI, NVIDIA, Hugging Face and Stability AI will also participate in publicly evaluating AI systems on a platform from AI training firm Scale AI at the hacker convention DEFCON in August.

Finally, the White House said it would release a draft policy on how the U.S. government will use AI which will be will be made available for public comment “this summer.”

Policies around the development, use and procurement of AI by federal departments and agencies will be drafted. It said the policies will be a “model” for state and local governments, in their own procurement and use of AI.

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White House advisors renew push for 30% digital mining energy tax

The May 2 blog post by the White House’s Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) has already attracted strong criticism from the community.

The Biden administration has renewed its push for a 30% Digital Asset Mining Energy (DAME) tax on cryptocurrency miners, part of efforts to minimize the industry’s alleged impact on climate change. 

The proposed crypto-mining tax was first announced on March 9 as part of President Biden's FY2024 budget and seeks to impose a phased-in 30% excise tax on electricity used by crypto-miners.

“An excise tax on electricity usage by digital asset miners could reduce mining activity along with its associated environmental impacts and other harms,” the Department of Treasury wrote at the time. Bitcoin (BTC) fell under $20,000 just a day later.

However, a May 2 statement from the White House’s Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) has brought the proposal back to light again, in attempts to justify the need for the new tax.

“Currently, cryptomining firms do not have to pay for the full cost they impose on others, in the form of local environmental pollution, higher energy prices, and the impacts of increased greenhouse gas emissions on the climate,” the CEA wrote.

“The DAME tax encourages firms to start taking better account of the harms they impose on society,” it wrote, adding:

“While crypto assets are virtual, the energy consumption tied to their computationally intensive production is very real and imposes very real costs.”

The blog also referenced reports suggesting crypto mining has “negative spillovers” on the environment, quality of life, and electricity grids and that pollution from electricity generation falls on low-income neighborhoods and communities of color, while pushing up the cost of electricity for consumers.

Related: Biden budget proposes 30% tax on crypto mining electricity usage

It even suggests that crypto mining using existing clean power (such as hydropower) can still have a negative impact on the environment, by pushing other electricity users to “dirtier” sources of electricity.

Screenshot of CEA's thread on the environmental impact of crypto mining. Source: Twitter

The Twitter thread posted by the Council of Economic Advisers has attracted widespread criticism from the community, with some calling it “misinformation” and “propaganda” while one Twitter user argued such a tax would “simply push Bitcoin mining to Russia & other countries."

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Biden’s comms director barred from former crypto clients: Report

Decentralized exchange UniSwap and venture capital firm Andressen Horowitz were revealed as former clients of LaBolt in a recently published public financial disclosure report.

United States President Joe Biden will reportedly ban his communications director from handling matters related to any crypto or technology firms he has previously worked with, while allowing him to advise on crypto regulation.

According to an April 22 Bloomberg Law report, the White House communications director Ben LaBolt will be barred from “participating in legal matters, investigations, or contracts involving cryptocurrency or technology firms he previously represented.”

Decentralized exchange UniSwap and venture capital firm Andressen Horowitz – an early investor in Coinbase Global Inc – were both former clients of Bully Pulpit Interactive (BPI), where LaBolt was previously a partner, according to a public financial disclosure report published on April 21.

Both firms were among a list of 23 clients paying fees exceeding $5,000 in a year to BPI.

Ben LaBolt's Public Financial Disclosure Report. Source: aboutblaw.com

Meta Platforms, Shopify, and West Street – the family office of Meta CEO Mark Zuckerburg and his wife Priscilla Chan – were also included in the list of 23 clients exceeding $5,000 in a year.

Meanwhile, in the assets and income section, LaBolt disclosed that he holds $50,001-$100,000 in Bitcoin (BTC) and $15,001-$50,000 in Ethereum 2 (ETH2).

Ben LaBolt's Public Financial Disclosure Report. Source: aboutblaw.com

“LaBolt’s restrictions are in line with ethics rules followed by other senior White House staff,” the report stated.

Despite the restrictions expected to be put in place, it was reported that LaBolt will be allowed to advise on the president’s approach to regulating cryptocurrency and social media companies.

This comes after Biden signed an executive order (EO) on digital assets on March 9.

While the EO didn’t specify any regulatory actions, it outlined an interagency process that will involve 16 high officials, initially starting with the task of producing an elaborate series of reports.

These reports are due at intervals ranging from 90 days to over a year from the publication of the EO.

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The EO attracted attention from government officials and industry leaders alike.

Republican “Crypto Senator” Cynthia Loomis of Wyoming commented on the executive order saying “it’s great to see the Biden administration’s growing interest in digital assets.”

Meanwhile, Ari Redborn, head of legal and government affairs for blockchain-based intelligence firm TRM Labs, said that he was “expecting certain things and the positive tone was not necessarily one of them.”

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U.S. Congress to introduce new draft bill for stablecoins

Failure to register as a stablecoin issuer could result in up to five years in prison and a fine of $1 million. Issuers out of the United States would have to seek registration to operate in the country.

A new draft bill providing a framework for stablecoins in the United States was published on the House of Representatives' document repository, a few days before a hearing on the topic on April 19. The draft puts the Federal Reserve in charge of non-bank stablecoin issuers, such as crypto firms Tether and Circle, respectively issuers of Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC). 

Stablecoins are a class of cryptocurrencies that attempt to offer investors price stability by being backed by specific assets or using algorithms to adjust their supply based on demand. Stablecoins were introduced in 2014 with the release of the BitUSD.

According to the document, insured depository institutions seeking to issue stablecoins would fall under the appropriate Federal banking agency supervision, while non-bank institutions would be subject to the Federal Reserve oversight. Failure to register could result in up to five years in prison and a fine of $1 million. Issuers out of the United States would have to seek registration to do business in the country.

Among the factors for approval are the ability of the applicant to maintain reserves backing the stablecoins with U.S. dollars or Federal Reserve notes, Treasury bills with maturity of 90 days or less, repurchase agreements with maturity of 7 days or less backed by Treasury bills with maturity of 90 days or less, as well as central bank reserve deposits.

Additionally, issuers must demonstrate technical expertise and established governance, as well as the benefits of offering financial inclusion and innovation through stablecoins.

On a Twitter thread, Circle's CEO Jeremy Allaire said that "there is clearly the need for deep, bi-partisan support for laws that ensure that digital dollars on the internet are safely issued, backed and operated." Cointelegraph reached out to Tether, but did not receive an immediate response.

Also, as part of the drafted legislation is a two-year ban on issuing, creating or originating stablecoins not backed by real assets. It also establishes that the Treasury Department would conduct a study regarding "endogenously collateralized stablecoins."

As per the document definition, endogenously stablecoins "relies solely on the value of another digital asset created or maintained by the same originator to maintain the fixed price."

The draft further allows the U.S. government to establish standards for interoperability between stablecoins. It also determines that the Congress and the White House would support a Federal Reserve's study about the issuance of a digital dollar.

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US Presidential Candidate RFK Jr. Says Bitcoin Provides An ‘Escape Route’ From Financial Turmoil

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US President Joe Biden urges tech firms to address risks of AI

President Biden urges technology companies to prioritize secure AI products before public release, stressing the need to address potential risks to society, national security and the economy.

United States President Joe Biden stated on Tuesday that the safety of artificial intelligence (AI) is still uncertain, and emphasized that technology firms should ensure their products are secure before releasing them to the public.

During a meeting with science and technology advisers, Biden acknowledged that AI could be beneficial in tackling issues such as disease and climate change. However, he stressed the significance of addressing possible risks to society, national security and the economy.

At the beginning of a meeting with the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, he stated that technology companies must ensure their products are secure before releasing them to the public. When questioned about the potential hazards of AI, he replied, “It is yet to be determined. There is a possibility.“

According to the president, social media has already demonstrated the negative impact that powerful technologies can have in the absence of appropriate measures to protect against them. “Absent safeguards, we see the impact on the mental health and self-images and feelings and hopelessness, especially among young people,” Biden said.

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He repeated his call for the U.S. Congress to approve non-partisan privacy laws that limit the personal data gathered by technology firms, prohibit child-targeted advertising, and gives priority to health and safety in product development.

The Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Policy, a technology ethics organization, recently urged the U.S. Federal Trade Commission to prevent OpenAI from releasing new commercial versions of GPT-4, a language model that has both impressed and alarmed users due to its human-like capacity to create written responses to prompts.

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White House report takes aim at Bybit — and forgot about Deribit

The White House isn’t doing any favors for derivatives traders by turning a blind eye to the biggest players in the space.

The White House released its annual economic report on March 20, and it dedicated an entire section to digital assets. 

The authors should be commended for doing so. I largely agree with the report’s assessment that certain aspects of the digital asset ecosystem are causing problems for consumers, financial systems and the environment.

However, as a builder in the digital asset space, I cannot disagree more with its conclusion that “crypto assets currently do not offer widespread economic benefits.”

To understand how the White House plans to regulate digital assets, it’s important to examine what was left out of the White House report. A particularly out-of-touch piece of data that made the report was a list titled, “Top Ten Crypto Derivative Platforms by Open Interest.” It included offshore exchanges including BingX, Deepcoin and BTCC Futures.

While most digital asset proponents would agree with the report that these exchanges are not reputable by any means, and open interest is a metric that is trivially easy to manipulate, it’s neither here nor there. The real issue is why the White House report chose to focus on offshore exchanges that have no checks and balances and aren’t even open to United States-based users.

What’s more revealing is the fact that they choose to completely ignore the largest derivatives product that is available to U.S.-based users, one that has been vetted and received approval from the Commodities Futures Trading Commission to launch in a safe and regulated manner: the Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH) futures offered by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME).

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The CME is an entity that is fully compliant with all U.S. laws and regulations and, with the recent launch of the Micro Bitcoin and Micro Ether futures, has made it possible for retail investors to access a safe, regulated and U.S.-based futures derivative product.

Why would they choose to omit the mention of the CME?

Could it be because the CME can only list commodities, putting into question the Securities and Exchange Commission’s position that ETH is a security?

Furthermore, none of the platforms mentioned by the White House have any name recognition among crypto-native investors. While this could be attributed to the fact that there are relatively few derivative exchanges on the market and that none of these exchanges seem to have filled the void left by FTX, another omission is very telling.

The White House report also fails to mention Deribit, the largest options exchange by volume and open interest. Based in the Netherlands but unavailable to U.S. users, the company is focused on education and outreach and is far more transparent than most on the market. So, why was it not included?

The White House is purposefully excluding any legitimate businesses from the list of derivative platforms, a position that is likely taken in order to paint digital assets as shadowy, unsafe assets.

Derivatives, such as futures and options, are a core component of any financial system. The U.S. — and White House — would benefit from a thriving digital asset economy that includes derivatives and options markets. And I do agree that the exchanges listed in the White House report are indeed quite risky.

But what the White House is missing is that there is a better alternative, one that cannot be swept under the rug anymore and one that is transparent, noncustodial, cryptographically secure and fully open-source: decentralized finance (DeFi).

DeFi is fully noncustodial and has no intermediaries, so there are no “entities” to regulate because users are always in control of their funds. In addition, most DeFi uses collateral requirements and limits access to leverage: All lending protocols are overcollateralized, and the balance is instantly auditable, as opposed to fractional reserve banking.

Related: Did regulators intentionally cause a run on banks?

The lack of regulatory clarity from the U.S. SEC and CFTC stifles innovation in the derivatives space.

Most DeFi protocols can and should plan to follow the guidelines of self-regulatory organizations such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority to protect all users. Clearly stated regulations have a place in any industry, but regulation by enforcement stifles innovation. I’m seeing this firsthand as a builder in the digital asset space, and the lack of clarity is making it impossible for any U.S.-based entity to even tap into the U.S. market.

Digital asset proponents know about previous financial crises. Most of us lived through the hellscape that unfolded post-2008 due to bank deregulation. Our goal is to rebuild the financial infrastructure from the ground up, in the most transparent and securest way possible. DeFi is backed by mathematically unbreakable encryption, and centralized exchanges based offshore are the shadow banks of this generation.

Builders in the DeFi space want to create the most secure financial system in history. We want to empower citizens of the world, not private banks or runaway financiers.

And despite what U.S. regulators may think, we are willing to work with governments, central banks and regulators. We just need to know you’re arguing in good faith.

Guillaume Lambert is the founder and CEO of Panoptic and an assistant professor in applied physics at Cornell University. His research at Cornell focuses on biophysics. He holds a Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University.

This article is for general information purposes and is not intended to be and should not be taken as legal or investment advice. The views, thoughts and opinions expressed are the author’s alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

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‘Surgical removal’ of crypto will only weaken USD dominance, commentators say

A day after Coinbase received an SEC Wells notice, industry commentators weighed in on what recent regulator actions mean for America's crypto future.

The United States' crackdown on cryptocurrencies and firms will only serve to stifle crypto-related innovation and “weaken” the country, said industry pundits in the wake of Coinbase's recent Wells notice.

On March 22, crypto exchange Coinbase became the latest crypto firm to receive a “legal threat” — in the form of a Wells notice, just a month after stablecoin-issuer Paxos received its own in February. Some suggest there could be more to come.

Mati Greenspan, the chief of crypto research firm Quantum Economics said he believes U.S. regulators have been unfriendly to crypto “since the beginning.”

The recent collapses of crypto and startup-friendly banks, including Silvergate, Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank have been viewed by some as being part of a scheme by regulators to un-bank the crypto sector, dubbed “Operation Choke Point 2.0.”

Meanwhile, a March 20 economic report from the White House turned into a scathing review of the merits of crypto assets, spending almost an entire chapter debunking its “touted” benefits.

Greenspan told Cointelegraph that the rumored action could be underway as crypto is seen as a “threat” to the U.S. dollar’s dominance in global trade — a major and long-standing benefit to the U.S.

However, as more are beginning to use crypto for cross-border remittances globally, he warned a crackdown on crypto in the U.S. could actually have the opposite effect on the dollar:

“The surgical removal of cryptocurrencies from the U.S. banking system will only isolate the United States further and weaken the dollar's position as the global reserve currency.”

Adrian Przelozny, CEO of crypto exchange Independent Reserve told Cointelegraph the recent banking sector woes were not due to “any failure in crypto” but caused by banks managing their risks in an "irresponsible way.”

“The White House would be better served to review the practices in the banking industry,” he added.

Speaking about the most recent action against Coinbase, Przelozny said the “adversarial environment for the crypto industry” in the U.S. will push the related “jobs, investment and future innovation” offshore.

“Singapore, Hong Kong and potentially Australia” who are eyeing the benefits of the industry may prove a better home for it and those countries “will reap the economic benefits,” Przelozny said.

Related: Banks and the Fed have a problem — What about crypto?

The exact reasons the regulator is targeting Coinbase are still unclear. The SEC have declined to comment on the matter.

Michael Bacina, a lawyer and partner at Piper Alderman agreed that a “regulation by enforcement model” will “drive crypto-asset innovation offshore,” and added:

“This is a strange position to adopt given the losses many faced in the last 12 months arose from collapses involving unregulated offshore structures.”

Bacina said for years the industry has asked for clarity on how to comply. He pointed to the recent “telling” comments made by the judge in Voyager Digital’s bankruptcy case which “observed that there is no clear guidance from regulators.”

He added until governments lay out the path to regulatory compliance, offshore jurisdictions will continue to harbor crypto firms “which will cost jobs and raise the risk for consumers and investors.”

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