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Ethereum’s Shapella Upgrade to Enable Staking Withdrawals Set to Go Live on April 12

Ethereum’s Shapella Upgrade to Enable Staking Withdrawals Set to Go Live on April 12The Ethereum blockchain is set to undergo its next major update since the network switched from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake through The Merge. The upcoming upgrade, dubbed “Shapella,” which combines the Shanghai and Capella validator changes, is expected to take place on April 12, 2023. While most users will not be affected by the change, the […]

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ETH hits 7-month high ahead of Shanghai and Capella upgrades

Ether has broken the $1,900 resistance level for the first time in months and is currently sitting above $1,911.

Ether (ETH) has breached $1,900 for the first time in over seven months, a week before staking withdrawals are enabled in the next major update for the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization.

CoinMarketCap data shows the last time Ether was over $1,900 was on Aug. 16, 2022, amid a broader crypto sell-off at a time when the United States Federal Reserve was hiking the Federal Funds rate at a record pace to combat inflation.

The Ethereum Shanghai hard fork, set to occur on April 12, will implement EIP-4895 — allowing validators and stakers to withdraw staked ETH from the beacon chain — in addition to other EIPs which aim to help increase transaction speeds while reducing transaction costs.

The recent price increase could be driven by expectations that the Fed may ease up on its quantitative tightening efforts as rate increases cause cracks in the global banking industry, or by increased demand for Ether given that staking is slated to be more flexible.

While Bitcoin (BTC) has also recorded gains in recent days, ETH/BTC — a trading pair comparing the price of ETH to BTC — has increased by nearly 3% in the last week according to TradingView, suggesting both factors may be contributing to Ether’s price jump.

While Shanghai refers to the fork on the execution layer client side, Capella is the upgrade name on the consensus layer client side and is set to be executed shortly after Shanghai on April 12.

The execution layer is where all the smart contracts and protocol rules are, while the consensus layer ensures that all network validators follow these rules.

Related: 3 reasons why Ethereum price can reach $3K in Q2

It is worth noting that the price of ETH dropped sharply following the execution of The Merge on Sept. 15, 2022, where it lost just under a quarter of its value in one week according to CoinMarketCap.

ETH price action since August 2022. Source: CoinMarketCap

Despite some analysts and traders suggesting the unlocking of staked Ether will create sell pressure, what will occur following the Shanghai and Capella updates is currently speculation.

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Breaking: Shanghai upgrade executed on testnet but not without issues

Ethereum validators are now one step away from being able to unstake their Ether from the Beacon Chain.

The Shapella hard fork has been executed on the Goerli testnet — the last test run before Ethereum validators will be able to withdraw their Ether (ETH) from the Beacon Chain.

There were, however, issues with the hard fork. Ethereum core developer Tim Beiko noted that while deposits were being processed, the process didn’t run as smoothly as it could have because several testnet validators didn’t upgrade their client software before the Goerli fork.

He blamed it on testnet validators having “less incentive” to make the upgrade given that the Goerli “ETH is worthless” but expects validators to make proper adjustments ahead of the fork on the Ethereum mainnet.

Through Ethereum Investment Proposal EIP-4895, staked ETH from the Beacon Chain will be “pushed” to the execution layer.

While the Shapella upgrade comprises five different EIPs, EIP-4895 has been by far the most anticipated one, as it moves Ethereum one step closer to a fully functional proof-of-stake system.

Shapella is now expected to take effect on the Ethereum mainnet in early April.

Related: Ethereum Shanghai upgrade could benefit liquid staking providers and cement ETH's layer 1 dominance.

The execution on Goerli was shared in a March 15 live stream by EthStaker on YouTube.

This is a developing story, and further information will be added as it becomes available.

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Ethereum Plans ‘Shapella’ Transition on Zhejiang Testnet — Dev Insists ‘Withdrawals are Coming’

Ethereum Plans ‘Shapella’ Transition on Zhejiang Testnet — Dev Insists ‘Withdrawals are Coming’Ethereum core developers plan to activate the “Shapella” transition through the Zhejiang public testnet on Feb. 7, 2023, according to Tim Beiko of the Ethereum Foundation. If successful, Beiko said the Sepolia testnet could follow two days later, followed by the Goerli testnet. He noted that the testnet has a faucet, block explorer, and staking […]

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Ropsten Ethereum testnet ready for Merge ‘first dress rehearsal’

The Merge on Ethereum is closer than ever as the Ropsten testnet is set to execute its own Merge to give developers a look at what to expect for the real thing.

The Ropsten testnet on the Ethereum network is ready to set the stage for the “first dress rehearsal” of the Merge to adopt the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism.

Core Ethereum developer Tim Beiko announced on May 31 that a new Beacon Chain for Ropsten has been launched. It will serve as the precursor for the final test Merge, which is expected to be “around June 8th.”

The Ropsten testnet is one of many testing grounds for Ethereum clients. It mimics aspects of the Ethereum mainnet including the use of a valueless form of Ether (ETH) to execute transactions and the coding environment, but changes made there do not affect the mainnet.

Ropsten is also Ethereum’s longest-lived Proof of Work (PoW) testnet which launched in 2016.

When Ropsten finally undergoes its own Merge, it will be a first look at what the real Merge may look like on the Ethereum mainnet. The resulting effects on the testnet, its applications, and clients will give developers first-ever glimpses into what they can expect to happen for the mainnet Merge, and how to prevent problems from arising.

Beiko said that there are still several things developers and node runners must prepare for in the time leading up to the Ropsten Merge date. The Beacon Chain must launch the latest upgrade, and the mining difficulty, known as the TTD, of the PoW side must be determined.

The upgrade will come first followed by the TTD, which "should be chosen by June 2/3," added Beiko. 

Related: Ethereum Beacon Chain experiences 7 block reorg: What’s going on?

The Merge is one of the most highly anticipated events in the history of the Ethereum network because it will accomplish several goals. It will convert Ethereum’s PoW consensus algorithm to PoS, will make the network vastly more energy-efficient, and change the name of the network to the Consensus Layer (formerly known as Eth 2.0). It is expected to take place in August this year.

Despite the hopes of thousands of Ethereum users, the Merge is not expected to reduce gas fees on the network.

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Ethereum ‘Merge’ edging closer with final Kiln testnet launch

The Kiln testnet is the final public testing phase before the long-awaited Ethereum ‘Merge’ and the end of proof-of-work consensus.

The much-anticipated ‘Merge’ on the Ethereum network is another step closer to becoming a reality after the final public testnet Kiln launched to put it through its paces.

On March 14, the Ethereum Foundation urged network stakeholders to run tests using Kiln “to ensure a smooth transition on existing public testnets.”

“We strongly recommend that developers run through a full testing & deployment cycle on Kiln and report any issues with tools or dependencies to those projects’ maintainers.”

Ethereum developer Tim Beiko confirmed that Kiln has gone live and will soon be ready to merge with the Beacon Chain in a March 14 tweet. The testnet launched late last week in proof-of-work mode only.

Kiln is now operating in a proof-of-work (PoW) testing environment for Ethereum developers, node operators, and stakers. It is the final public testnet before the whole network transitions to proof-of-stake from PoW sometime this year. Kiln will fully test the merge sometime this week.

Beiko told Cointelgraph today that launching Kiln "a week or so from launch to merge was definitely the intention." He said Ethereum developers wanted to "give the community the opportunity to test their products through the merge."

Kiln was originally launched as a PoW testnet that mimicked the Ethereum network’s operational environment. It ran parallel to the Beacon Chain, the first major PoS component of Ethereum 2.0 (now called the consensus layer) where ETH holders can stake their coins and begin securing the future of the Ethereum network.

Ethereum’s (ETH) mainnet transition from PoW to PoS will be a major milestone in the network’s evolution. This next phase of Ethereum will allow the blockchain’s security to rely on staked tokens rather than costly and power-hungry mining hardware.

Related: European Parliament votes against PoW ban, providing huge relief to the crypto industry

The network’s transition event from PoW to PoS will dock the Beacon Chain with the Ethereum mainnet.  The Merge could come as soon as this June according to an analysis from crypto financial newsletter Bankless although it was slated as Q1, 2022 on the official roadmap.

The 10 million ETH staked in the Beacon Chain is currently earning about 4.8% per year in yield for investors. After the Merge, that yield could grow to as high as 15% and network operational costs will be reduced to a fraction of its PoW predecessor reported Bankless.

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Eth2 is no more after Ethereum Foundation ditches name in rebrand

“By removing Eth2 terminology, we save all future users from navigating this confusing mental model,” the Ethereum Foundation stated.

The Ethereum Foundation has removed all references to Eth1 and Eth2 in favor of calling the original blockchain the “execution layer” and the upgraded Proof of Stake chain the “consensus layer.”

Ethereum’s long-awaited transition from a Proof-of-work mining model to a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism is expected to go live around in the second or third quarter of this year.

Announcing the change the foundation cited a number of rationales including a “broken mental model for new users,” scam prevention, inclusivity and staking clarity.

In a Jan.24 blog post, the Ethereum Foundation noted that the branding of Eth2 failed to concisely capture what was happening to the network via its series of upgrades:

“One major problem with the Eth2 branding is that it creates a broken mental model for new users of Ethereum. They intuitively think that Eth1 comes first and Eth2 comes after. Or that Eth1 ceases to exist once Eth2 exists.”

“Neither of these is true. By removing Eth2 terminology, we save all future users from navigating this confusing mental model,” the blog post added.

Under the new terminology, the combination of the execution layer (Eth1) and the consensus layer (Eth2) will be labeled as Ethereum, while individual features such as the beacon chain, merge and shared chains are now referred to as “upgrades.”

Eth2 rebrand: The Ethereum Foundation

The foundation also stated that its re-branding of Eth2 would help “bring clarity to eliminate” scams in which malicious actors dupe victims — unaware that their Ether (ETH) will automatically switch to Eth2 following the merge — into swapping Ether (ETH) for fake ETH2 tokens.

“Unfortunately, malicious actors have attempted to use the Eth2 misnomer to scam users by telling them to swap their ETH for ‘ETH2’ tokens or that they must somehow migrate their ETH before the Eth2 upgrade,” the post read.

The news saw a relatively apathetic response in the r/Ethereum subreddit, with most users joking about the change, or complaining about the length of time the merge was taking.

“Don’t care what you call it, just fucking ship it soon plsss” said Redditor ghfsgiwaa.

User Kristkind stated that the attempted rebrand has come “too late”, noting that the term Eth2 has already been widely adopted by the media and users:

“Everybody in the media, even the crypto-related one, runs with the term 2.0 or simply Eth2. And honestly, I think it is better that way, because [it’s] way easier to get for the (semi-)layperson, than ‘consensus layer’, which needs you to understand the architecture of the network.”

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Following the merge and transition to PoS scheduled for later this year — for real this time — the remaining milestone of Ethereum’s current roadmap is the shard chains upgrade that is set to into effect in late 2022/early 2023.

The introduction of shard chains will see Ethereum’s network load spread across 64 new chains in order to enhance its scalability and capacity.

Despite 2022 gearing up to be a bullish year for Ethereum fundamentally, the price of Ether has taken a hefty hit amid the current downturn across stock and crypto markets, dropping 40% over the past 30 days to sit at around $2,437 at the time of writing.

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