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Huobi and Solaris crypto-to-fiat debit card launches in the EU

The Visa-backed debit card will allow Huobi users in the European Economic Area (EEA) to pay from their crypto accounts at point of sale stations globally.

As the crypto space continues to expand into the mainstream, bridging the gap between digital currencies and fiat currency is a priority for many legacy financial institutions.

Cryptocurrency exchange Huobi announced its partnership with Solaris, a European financial services provider, to launch a crypto-to-fiat debit card.

The program, which Visa has approved, allows Huobi users to use their digital assets at the point of sale globally. Users residing in the European Economic Area (EEA) will have access to the card beginning in the second quarter of 2023.

The EEA comprises all 27 European Union member states, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.

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Andrea Ramoino, the chief strategy officer at Solaris hinted at future developments in its partnership with Huobi in his comment.

“This is just the first step in our partnership as we look ahead to delivering more payment options to users in the EEA region and beyond."

This is not the first crypto-to-fiat card available to residents of the E.U. In 2020, Binance launched its own Visa-accredited crypto-to-fiat card, which allows Europeans to pull funds straight from their Binance accounts.

Related: Dominica works with Huobi for digital identity program

Outside of E.U. Visa has been an active proponent in bridging the crypto-fiat gap. In October 2022, Blockchain.com announced its partnership with Visa to offer a crypto debit, which is only available to residents of the United States.

Prior to the FTX scandal, it had also partnered with Visa to offer a debit card in 40 countries.

Most recently, the financial service provider worked with the fintech company ZELF, to launch an anonymous debit card with a crypto recharge. This allows users to open a checking account based in the U.S. dollar with only their name, email, and phone number.

Prior to the start of 2023, Visa also hinted at a feature that would allow users to auto-pay bills from their crypto wallet.

EU retaliatory tariffs threaten Bitcoin correction to $75K — Analysts

Rewind 2022: A crypto roundup of the year and stepping into 2023

While 2022 proved catastrophic for investors across traditional and crypto markets, the crypto ecosystem’s potential has shined through the cracks of inflation and centralized custody of assets.

Stepping into the year 2023, it's time to pause and reflect on the accomplishments and struggles the global crypto community witnessed over the last 365 days. Starting from the very beginning of 2022, no investment strategy could help recover the falling portfolios across traditional and crypto ecosystems. January 2022 inherited a slightly collapsing market, wherein investments made on 2021 all-time high prices resulted in immediate losses. 

For many, especially the new entrants, falling crypto prices were perceived as an end game. But what went widely unnoticed was the community’s resilience and accomplishments against a global recession, orchestrated attacks and scams and an unforgiving bear market.

As a result of falling prices, 2022 also inherited the 2021 hype around nonfungible tokens (NFTs), the Metaverse, iconic all-time highs for Bitcoin (BTC) and other cryptocurrencies.

Economies worldwide suffered massive inflation as the most influential fiat currencies succumbed to the ongoing geopolitical pressures. The fall of investor confidence in traditional markets seeped into crypto and the fall of ecosystems only aided the sour sentiments.

A year full of disruption

Amid poor market performance, the crypto community focused on strengthening its core. This meant releasing blockchain upgrades and introducing faster, cheaper and more secure features and capabilities — all driven by the consensus of the respective communities. As a result, 2022 was a milestone year for leading crypto ecosystems.

Bitcoin received a highly requested improvement for its layer-2 protocol Lightning Network (LN) protocol. The LN got improved privacy and efficiency thanks to a November 2021 upgrade called Taproot. Bitcoin’s Taproot upgrade saw various protocol-level implementations for improved privacy and efficiency. It also helped lower the database sizes, an essential factor in slowing down the exploding Bitcoin ledger size.

By May 2022, Bitcoin was already halfway to the next halving, an event that reduces the mining rewards by half, the only way new Bitcoin gets released into supply. The reward for confirming Bitcoin transactions gets slashed by half every 210,00 blocks. The last Bitcoin halving event occurred on May 11, 2020, back when it traded at the $9,200 mark.

The total supply of Bitcoin is limited to 21 million by design. Therefore, a halving event further reduces the amount of Bitcoin that gets released into the market. A resultant scarcity due to the halving event historical worked in favor of Bitcoin price.

Adhering to the expectations of industry experts, Bitcoin rallied for several months to mark its all-time high by Nov 2021 and was able to retain its value well above $15,000 until the end of 2022, confirms data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro.

Bitcoin price during the last halving event. Source: CoinMarketCap

The Ethereum community welcomed the highly anticipated Merge upgrade, which saw the Ethereum blockchain’s transition from proof-of-work (PoW) to a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. The upgrade's most significant impact was a drastic energy consumption reduction. The wider crypto community counts on this lower energy usage to reignite the interest in Ether-power sub-ecosystems, such as NFTs.

Crypto resilience vs. traditional markets

History proves that two factors play a crucial role in crypto market performance — the price of Bitcoin and investor sentiment. Both factors seemed to lack throughout the year.

Crypto events timeline against market capitalization. Source: CoinGecko

The crypto ecosystem was plagued with a series of attacks, unprecedented sanctions and bankruptcy filings, which multiplied the impact of the global recession on the market. In addition to poor price performance, some of the most prominent scars for 2022 investors include the fall of FTX, 3AC, Voyager, BlockFi and Terraform Labs, wherein investors lost access to all their funds overnight.

Amid this commotion, entrepreneurs once loved by the masses ended up breaking the trust of millions, namely former FTX CEO Sam Bankman-Fried and Terra co-founder and CEO Do Kwon.

Despite the added hurdles, the Bitcoin and crypto ecosystem not only survived but also displayed a never-seen-before resilience. Traditional store-of-value investments such as gold and stocks too suffered a similar fate. Between January-December 2022, gold investors realized a net loss of 0.3%.

Major company stocks also performed poorly this year, which includes Apple (-25%), Microsoft (-29%), Google (-38%), Amazon (-49%), Netflix (-51%), Meta (-65%) and Tesla (-65%).

Yearly performance of traditional market goliaths. Source: LinkedIn

Bitcoin started strong with a $47,680 price point in Jan. 2022, but dwindling investor sentiment — driven by year-long rising inflation, energy prices and market uncertainties — managed to bring the prices down by over 60% by December.

Setting the stage for a stronger foundation

Time after time, bear markets have taken the responsibility of weeding out bad actors and offering a chance for promising crypto projects to display their true value to investors beyond the price point.

The noise around price fluctuations could not stop the Bitcoin network from strengthening its core against double-spending attempts, i.e., 51% attacks. Thanks to the widespread mining community, hash rate and network difficulty — two important computational power-based security metrics — reassured Bitcoiners that the blockchain network was well-protected. Throughout the year, the Bitcoin network consistently recorded new hash rate all-time highs and ended the year between the 250-300 Exahashes per second (EH/s) range.

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Other prominent players in the crypto ecosystem also released the system and feature upgrades as they gear up for 2023. For Polygon Technology, an Ethereum-based Web3 infrastructure, it was the launch of zkEVM or zero-knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine, a layer-2 scaling solution aimed at reducing transaction costs and improving scalability. Decentralized finance (DeFi) aggregator 1inch Network launched the Fusion upgrade for delivering cost-efficient, secure and profitable swaps for crypto investors.

El Salvador’s legalization of Bitcoin did not go unnoticed, especially considering that the country’s Bitcoin procurement from 2021 shared the same fate as other crypto investors. Regardless, El Salvador President Nayib Bukele doubled down on this decision as the country announced purchasing BTC on a daily basis from Nov.17.

One of the immediate impacts of this move is a reduction in El Salvador’s average buying price. A planned purchase of Bitcoin dips combined with a subsequent market recovery makes the country well-positioned to offset the unrealized losses.

In countries with high inflation, Bitcoin helped numerous individuals retain their purchasing power.

Expect a return of the hype

While 2023 will not be fortunate enough to witness the upcoming Bitcoin halving, it will play a crucial role in the crypto ecosystem’s comeback. With aggressive blockchain upgrades, updated business strategies and investors’ attentiveness back on the menu, the ecosystem is now gearing up for the next wave of disruption.

For investors, 2023 will be a year of recovery — from losses and mistrust to self-custody and informed investments. “Making it” in crypto is no longer just about becoming an overnight millionaire; it is about creating, supporting and preaching a fresh take on the future of money.

EU retaliatory tariffs threaten Bitcoin correction to $75K — Analysts

What is USD Coin (USDC), fiat-backed stablecoin explained

USDC is a U.S. dollar-backed stablecoin issued by Circle and Coinbase to combat the price swings of the highly volatile cryptocurrency market.

Is USD Coin safe?

Despite the fact that the USD Coin is subject to regulatory oversight, investors must weigh the pros and cons of investing in stablecoins before committing any funds.

Comparing USDC with USDT, USDC is subject to regulations as it is audited from time to time, and Circle is fully transparent about its operations. However, investing in the cryptocurrency market, even in stablecoins, has its own cons. For instance, the price of the USD Coin will never appreciate as it is pegged to the U.S. dollar.

This disadvantage is offset by the provision that USDC can be lent and borrowed on decentralized platforms to earn passive income. Moreover, it depends upon one’s risk-return profile and how much funds one wants to allocate to a particular asset. Also, with trusted exchanges like FTX going bankrupt, one must be mindful of the risks of investing in stablecoins and cryptocurrencies.

USDC vs. USDT

Although both USDC and USDT are USD-backed stablecoins, they have some differences in terms of the year they were launched, issuing organizations, compatibility with blockchain networks, assets-backing and auditors.

USDC and USDT are fiat-collateralized stablecoins pegged to the U.S. dollar, which were introduced to combat the highly volatile price swings of the cryptocurrency market. The majority of significant cryptocurrency exchanges offer USDC.

Similar to USDT, USD Coin can be sent and received by any ERC-20 compliant wallet or exchange and other blockchains like Stellar, Algorand, Solana and more. Along with these similarities, significant variations between these two stablecoins could influence a user’s choice.

Here are a few differences between USDC and USDT stablecoins:

USDC vs. USDT

How to buy a USD Coin?

USD Coin can be bought on cryptocurrency exchanges after meeting the Know Your Customer requirements.

One can buy USDC on exchanges like Coinbase, Kraken and Gemini. For example, buying USD Coin on a centralized exchange like Coinbase involves the following steps:

  • Sign up on Coinbase and get your account verified to start transacting.
  • Add a payment method such as a wire transfer, debit credit or bank account.
  • Start trade by selecting “( )” Buy on the Coinbase mobile app or Buy & Sell on Coinbase.com.
  • Enter “USD Coin” in the search field of the Coinbase mobile app to select USD Coin from the list of assets. Instead, click the Buy panel on Coinbase.com to search for and choose USD Coin.
  • Enter the amount you wish to spend to change the value to the corresponding amount of USD Coin.
  • Confirm your purchase by clicking “Buy now” to complete the purchase.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of USD coin

USDC offers instant payments, saves users from the cryptocurrency market’s price volatility and is audited by a regulated auditing firm, making it a transparent stablecoin. However, it does not offer price appreciation opportunities, and investors may incur high transaction and withdrawal fees while dealing with USDC.

One of the key advantages of the USD Coin is the speed of the transaction. Usually, one must wait a long time to send and receive USD because institutions such as banks and their complex procedures slow down the processing of transactions. Nonetheless, USDC allows instant clearing and settlement of payments.

In addition, stablecoins like USDC saves users from the price volatility of cryptocurrencies, as leading American financial institutions ensure that Circle’s reserves are 100% backed by the U.S. dollar or short-term treasuries at all times. Moreover, there are numerous digital asset exchanges where one may buy USDC. Many exchanges also enable the withdrawal of USDC across various blockchains.

Furthermore, using a cryptocurrency wallet, one can quickly make cross-border payments or remittances. Similarly, one can earn passive income by lending USDC on decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms like Aave.

Regardless of the above advantages, the USD Coin may not be an ideal investment asset for those looking to earn money from digital assets because USDC may not offer potential price appreciation opportunities to yield profits.

Also, some exchanges charge a high fee for withdrawing USDC stablecoin, and transaction fees may be higher than a typical bank transfer or a PayPal transfer for smaller transactions. Moreover, even if DeFi platforms offer more interest for each USDC lent, they are riskier, as evidenced by various crypto heists.

What are the unique features of USD Coin

A USD Coin is a fully transparent and audited stablecoin, which is pegged to the U.S. dollar and can be used for instant global payments, purchasing goods and services and lending and borrowing without intervention of third parties.

The USD Coin maintains the same value as the U.S. dollar, making it a unique option for holding a digital currency without bearing the price risk of major cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH). Other notable features of the USD Coin are explained below:

  • Instant global payments: USDC allows individuals and businesses to accept payments in digital assets 24/7. As a result, it is possible to transmit money across international borders as rapidly as sending a text message.
  • Purchase goods and services: Online retailers allow customers to purchase various items using USDC. For instance, users can buy NFT compilations of rare basketball moments with USDC on well-known online marketplaces like NBA Top Shot.
  • Instant lending and borrowing: USDC can be lent to those in need without the intervention of third parties. Similarly, it is feasible to borrow USDC instantaneously and start using funds in a matter of seconds rather than waiting several weeks to secure a loan.

How does a USD Coin work?

Each time a USD is deposited, a smart contract creates a USDC that may be redeemed for one dollar.

USDC commercial issuers must possess any or all licenses required by the operating jurisdictions. Moreover, they need to ensure audited Anti-Money Laundering and compliance processes that comply with the Financial Action Task Force requirements.

They should support the fungible exchange and redemption of USDC tokens from other reputable issuers and abide by further reporting and review specifications set forth by the Center. USDC issuers must also hold reserves at a 1:1 ratio to the amount of issued tokens and offer monthly publicized proof of reserves with qualified public auditors’ attestations.

Technically, a USDC token is created via a smart contract each time a dollar is deposited. Moreover, each USD Coin is redeemable for one dollar and is backed by either one dollar or an asset denominated in USD (fiat currency), which is kept in accounts at regulated institutions in the United States.

For stablecoins and USDC to function as intended, the parties in charge of overseeing them must be trustworthy and transparent. As a result, Circle employs Grant Thornton LLP, a U.S. accounting company, to audit those accounts and offer routine updates via monthly attestations on the reserves supporting USDC.

Then, to maintain consistent backing, the coins are permanently destroyed, or burned, when a consumer wants to redeem USDC back for dollars, and funds from the underlying reserves are returned to the client’s external bank.

What is a USD coin (USDC)?

A fully-reserved stablecoin, USDC, was created to ensure price parity with the US dollar.

USD Coin (USDC) is a fiat-collateralized stablecoin, a decentralized digital asset that lives on the blockchain and is pegged to a fiat currency — in this case, the United States dollar — to stabilize its value against market volatility. However, USDC is not the only stablecoin available in the market. Another asset-backed (U.S. dollar) stablecoin called Tether (USDT) was launched in 2014 by Tether Limited.

So who is behind the USD Coin? The Boston-based Circle and Coinbase exchange created the USD currency (USDC) in 2018 as part of the Center consortium. USD Coin claims to be equivalent in value to one U.S. dollar, meaning that for every USDC in circulation, one U.S. dollar is held in reserve. In essence, the USD Coin is a service that tokenizes the U.S. dollar and makes it easier to utilize over the internet and on public blockchains.

Unlike cryptocurrencies, the USD Coin cannot be minted. USDC is available as ERC-20, the most widely used standard for blockchain apps, making it interoperable with all other Ethereum-based decentralized applications (DApps). However, it is not solely restricted to the Ethereum network. Instead, the USD Coin is compatible with significant blockchain networks, including Solana, Stellar, Algorand, Flow and TRON.

Since its introduction, USDC has established itself as a critical component of the stablecoin market with ample liquidity and trading across centralized and decentralized exchanges worldwide.

EU retaliatory tariffs threaten Bitcoin correction to $75K — Analysts

Waves founder announces new stablecoin as USDN depegs

Days after USDN lost its peg with USD, Waves CEO and founder Sasha Ivanov promised that his new stablecoin will be “undepeggable."

Sasha Ivanov, founder and CEO of the Waves blockchain platform, is planning to launch a new stablecoin amid the ongoing crisis of the Waves-backed stablecoin, Neutrino USD (USDN).

Ivanov took to Twitter on Dec. 20 to announce the USDN situation resolution plan alongside a new stablecoin project.

“I will launch a new stablecoin,” Waves founder wrote, adding that there is going to be a “USDN situation resolution plan set in motion before.” He stressed that nothing new will be launched or announced until the USDC plan resolution is set in motion.

Without specifying the details on the nature of the upcoming stablecoin, Ivanov promised that the stablecoin will be “undepeggable.” 

“The most important thing is to make people whole eventually, let's focus on that.”

Neutrino USD is an algorithmic crypto-collateralized stablecoin pegged to the United States dollar and backed by Waves. The USDN stablecoin has been struggling to maintain its 1:1 peg, losing the peg multiple times in 2022.

USDN saw the first major crash in early April 2022, with the stablecoin tumbling to $0.8. The tok has subsequently lost its peg several times since, with the latest crash bringing USDN to as low as $0.53. At the time of writing, one USDN token is worth $0.58, according to CoinGecko.

Neutrino USD (USDN) one-year price chart. Source: CoinGecko

The news comes amid the Waves (WAVES) cryptocurrency seeing a significant drop in price due to the South Korean crypto exchange authority, the Digital Asset eXchange Alliance (DAXA), issuing a warning on WAVES on Dec. 8. According to data from CoinGecko, WAVES has lost about 30% of its value since the DAXA released the warning.

Related: Japan recommends against algorithmic backing in stablecoins

Waves subsequently pointed to “misinformation” disseminated by some centralized exchanges that have been shorting the Waves token, despite “no fundamental distress being present in the Waves Ecosystem.”

“The Waves team responded to the baseless allegations quickly and since then some exchanges have begun to roll back their restrictions,” Waves noted in a blog post.

Waves did not immediately respond to Cointelegraph’s request for comment.

EU retaliatory tariffs threaten Bitcoin correction to $75K — Analysts

Bitcoin could reach $1M in 5 years due to fiat currencies’ collapse, says Samson Mow

The future collapse of fiat currencies could propel Bitcoin to $1 million in the next five to 10 years, according to Jan3 CEO and Bitcoin proponent Samson Mow.

Despite the ongoing bear market, Jan3 CEO and Bitcoin (BTC) proponent Samson Mow believes that the leading cryptocurrency could reach the $1-million-price benchmark in the next five to 10 years. The collapse of major fiat currencies will be a major catalyst, which he said can “happen very rapidly” and “are not anticipated.”

”It just sort of happens overnight, and then you are shoveling cash into a wheelbarrow,” he said in a recent interview with Cointelegraph.

Mow made his prediction while commenting on the current state of Bitcoin adoption in El Salvador, about a year after it was adopted as a legal tender. Mow said he sees El Salvador’s move as an overall success, despite the relatively low usage rate and uneven availability of Bitcoin payment infrastructure in the country.

“You’re basically recreating traditional banking infrastructure in the country. So, it’s bound to take some time, and it’s bound to have uneven deployment,” he said. 

According to Mow, Bitcoin’s high volatility is among the reasons why El Salvador’s citizens still rely on cash to get by in their everyday lives instead the cryptocurrency. Mow sees it as a temporary problem, as volatility is bound to decrease as Bitcoin approaches the $1 million benchmark. 

Even now, Mow believes that El Salvador can play a role in inspiring other countries to follow its example. In particular, he sees El Salvador's vibrant, grassroots local Bitcoin community as playing an important role in driving adoption.

A mix of top-down and bottom-up initiatives is needed to balance each other out in any country that wants to successfully adopt Bitcoin.

To learn more about the current state of Bitcoin adoption in El Salvador, check out the full interview on Cointelegraph's YouTube channel, and don’t forget to subscribe!

EU retaliatory tariffs threaten Bitcoin correction to $75K — Analysts

Solana-based market maker integrates Stripe for fiat-crypto transactions

The Solana-based automated market maker Orca opened up fiat purchases and fiat-to-crypto transactions through a new integration with Stripe’s onramp.

As the Solana ecosystem comes back from the aftershocks of the FTX liquidity earthquake, one of its leading automated market makers (AMM), Orca, announced a new integration.

The AMM revealed a new Stripe integration which will power its fiat-to-crypto onramp, to make decentralized finance (DeFi) more accessible to users both in and out of the existing ecosystem. This new integration now enables fiat purchases, along with fiat-to-crypto transactions.

Users can now purchase SPL tokens, which include USD Coin (USDC) and Solana (SOL) with fiat currencies.

According to Ori Kawn, the co-founder of Orca, the new integration helps create wider access to economic tools.

“With this new integration, we hope to make participating in the DeFi ecosystem even more accessible to the entire Solana community."

The Orca integration marks one of the first blockchain-based integration from Stripe as it continues to venture into the crypto space.

Back in March of this year, it announced fiat payment support for cryptocurrencies and NFTs, in addition to partnerships with FTX, FTX US, Blockchain.com, Nifty Gateway and Just Mining to launch a crypto business suite.

A month later it worked in collaboration with Twitter to create a USDC-based payout program for creators via the Polygon network.

Related: BlackRock CEO: FTX Token caused downfall, but tech still revolutionary

This comes as the entire crypto industry picks itself up after the collapse of the former power-house crypto exchange FTX.

Solana was one of the many in the space, which felt the effects of the market chaos. The native token, SOL, was heavily hit with its total value dropping 32.4% on Nov. 10.

Nonetheless, the ecosystem received encouragement from major players in the space, such as Polygon co-founder Sandeep Nailwa, to continue building on the value of the Solana network.

Prior to this Solana unveiled its roadmap which included a major partnership with Google Cloud, new Dapp stores and smartphone plans.

EU retaliatory tariffs threaten Bitcoin correction to $75K — Analysts

National Bank of Ukraine releases draft concept for digital hryvnia

One of the design options for the Ukrainian CBDC describes the e-hryvnia available for usage in crypto exchange operations.

The National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) has introduced a draft concept for its central bank digital currency (CBDC) candidate digital hryvnia, or e-hryvnia.

Ukraine’s central bank on Nov. 28 released a statement on the concept of e-hryvnia, which aims to perform all the functions of money by supplementing cash and non-cash forms of the hryvnia as its key purpose.

The NBU said it has presented the e-hryvnia concept and continues developing the CBDC project with participants of the virtual assets market, payment firms and state bodies.

According to the announcement, the central bank is currently considering and developing three possible CBDC options, depending on design and main characteristics.

The first option describes the e-hryvnia for retail non-cash payments with the possible functionality of “programmed” money through smart contracts. A retail e-hryvnia would enable the implementation of targeted social payments and the reduction of government expenditures on administration, the NBU said.

The second CBDC option envisions the e-hryvnia available for usage in operations related to cryptocurrency exchange, issuance and other virtual asset operations. “The e-hryvnia can become one of the key elements of quality infrastructure development for the virtual assets market in Ukraine,” the announcement notes.

The third option includes the e-hryvnia to enable cross-border payments in order to provide faster, cheaper and more transparent global transactions.

“The development and implementation of the e-hryvnia can be the next step in the evolution of the payment infrastructure of Ukraine,” Oleksii Shaban, director of NBU payment systems and innovative development department, said in the statement. He added that a Ukrainian CBDC could have a positive impact on ensuring economic security and strengthening the monetary sovereignty of the state, as well as e sustainable economic growth.

Related: Russia aims to use CBDC for international settlements with China

According to the announcement, the Ukrainian Intellectual Property Institute registered the trademark “e-hryvnia” for the NBU in October 2022.

As previously reported, the NBU has been actively studying the possibility of issuing a CBDC in recent years, hiring blockchain developers and cooperating with major industry projects like the Stellar Development Foundation.

According to the regulator, the NBU launched a pilot project ​to issue the e-hryvnia for blockchain-based retail payments back in 2018.

EU retaliatory tariffs threaten Bitcoin correction to $75K — Analysts

Hong Kong believes stablecoin volatility can spillover to traditional finance

According to Hong Kong’s central bank, the interconnection of crypto assets has made the crypto ecosystem more vulnerable to systematic shocks.

The fall of crypto giants this year reignited questions about the stability of cryptocurrencies and their impact on fiat ecosystems. Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) assessed the situation and found that the instabilities of crypto assets, including asset-backed stablecoins, can potentially spill over to the traditional financial system.

The HKMA assessment on asset-backed stablecoins pointed out the risks of liquidity mismatch, negatively impacting their stability during “fire-sale” events. A fire sale event relates to a momentary price fluctuation when investors can purchase stablecoins cheaper than their market price — a phenomenon noticed during the Terra (LUNA) crash.

According to Hong Kong’s central bank, the interconnection of crypto assets has made the crypto ecosystem more vulnerable to systematic shocks. In addition, the increase in crypto exposure from financial institutions can be subject to knock-off effects from abrupt developments in cryptocurrency prices:

“The growing size of asset-backed stablecoins, together with their inherent risks, could make asset-backed stablecoins a potential magnifier of the volatility spillover from crypto to traditional financial assets.”

The flowchart shared by HKMA suggests that fluctuations in the price of asset-backed stablecoins could result in reserve adjustment by stablecoins. This is mainly driven by the assumption that the demand and supply of stablecoins can trigger volatility in their price.

Illustration of Tether’s transaction mechanism and spillover channel from crypto to traditional financial assets. Source: HKMA

The study also recalled the crash of Terra USD (UST), an algorithmic stablecoin issued by Terraform Labs, which had caused mass redemption of Tether (USDT). In this light, HKMA recommended standardizing regular disclosures that can help regulators inspects liquidity conditions and risks.

The second recommendation for regulators is to strengthen the asset-backed stablecoins' liquidity management via restrictions on the composition of reserve assets.

Related: Could Hong Kong really become China’s proxy in crypto?

The Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong advised management companies looking to offer exchange-traded fund (ETF) offerings to “have a good track record of regulatory compliance,” among other requirements.

The SFC circular came as part of a policy update from Hong Kong’s government, which announced its readiness to engage with global crypto exchanges on regulatory issues.

EU retaliatory tariffs threaten Bitcoin correction to $75K — Analysts

Binance CEO CZ begins working on Vitalik Buterin’s ‘safe CEX’ ideas

While long-term solutions will need the involvement of multisig and social recovery wallets, Buterin pointed out two alternatives for the short-term — custodial and non-custodial exchanges.

The collapse of numerous major crypto ecosystems in 2022 revealed the urgent need for revamping the way crypto exchanges operate. Ethereum (ETH) co-founder Vitalik Buterin believed in exploring beyond “fiat” methods to ensure the stability of crypto exchanges, including technologies such as Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge (ZK-SNARKs)

Following a discussion with angel investor Balaji Srinivasan and crypto exchanges such as Coinbase, Kraken and Binance, Buterin recommended options for the creation of cryptographic proofs of on-chain funds that can cover investor liabilities when required, a.k.a, safe centralized exchanges (CEX).

The best case scenario, in this instance, would be a system that does not allow crypto exchanges to withdraw a depositor’s funds without consent.

Fellow crypto entrepreneur CZ, who has been vocal about Binance’s intent for complete transparency, acknowledged the importance of Buterin’s recommendations, stating that:

“Vitalik's new ideas. Working on this.”

The earliest attempt to ensure fund safety was proof-of-solvency, wherein crypto exchanges publish a list of users and their corresponding holdings. However, privacy concerns eventually fueled the creation of the Merkle tree technique — which dampened the privacy leakage concerns. While explaining the inner workings of the Merkle tree implementation, Buterin explained:

“The Merkle tree technique is basically as good as a proof-of-liabilities scheme can be, if only achieving a proof of liabilities is the goal. But its privacy properties are still not ideal.”

As a result, Buterin placed his bets on cryptography via ZK-SNARKs. For starters, Buterin recommended putting users’ deposits into a Merkle tree and using a ZK-SNARK to prove the actual claimed value. Adding a layer of hashing to the process would further mask information about the balance of other users.

Buterin also discussed implementing proof-of-assets for confirming an exchange’s reserves while weighing the pros and cons of such a system, considering that crypto exchanges hold fiat currencies and the process would require crypto exchanges to rely on trust models better suited for the fiat ecosystem.

While long-term solutions will need the involvement of multisig and social recovery wallets, Buterin pointed out two alternatives for the short-term — custodial and non-custodial exchanges, as shown below:

Two short-term options for alternatives for safe CEX. Source: hackmd.io (via Vitalik Buterin)

“In the longer-term future, my hope is that we move closer and closer to all exchanges being non-custodial, at least on the crypto side,” added Buterin. On the other hand, highly centralized recovery options can be used for wallet recovery for small funds.

Related: Crypto self-custody a ‘fundamental human right’ but not risk-free: Community

On Nov. 4, Buterin added a new category of milestones to the Ethereum technical roadmap — aimed at improving censorship resistance and decentralization of the Ethereum network.

https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1588669782471368704

The updated technical roadmap now inserts the Scourge as a new category, which will run parallel to other previously-known segments — the Merge, the Surge, the Verge, the Purge and the Splurge.

EU retaliatory tariffs threaten Bitcoin correction to $75K — Analysts

We need to move a lot faster on Global South Bitcoin adoption — Paxful CEO

“The Global South is where we should be looking” for Bitcoin adoption, Paxful CEO Ray Youssef told Cointelegraph in an interview at the gym.

Cointelegraph hit the gym with Ray Youssef, co-founder and CEO of Paxful, to tackle Bitcoin adoption in the Global South. In between sets and a little out of breath, Youssef told Cointelegraph, “The Global South is where we should be looking” for Bitcoin (BTC) adoption.

A New Yorker born in Egypt, Youssef regularly visits Africa and the Global South to promote Bitcoin and peer-to-peer finance. He is determined to bring Bitcoin to those living and working across Africa and to undermine the “economic apartheid” created by government-issued fiat money.

Youssef is a firm believer that government-backed, fiat money is a scourge on human progress. He posited, “Creating money is the greatest creative opportunity of any government,” before launching into a diatribe against Western governments as he pumped iron. Nonetheless, thanks to Bitcoin, people around the world — especially in the Global South — now have the means to fight back against economic repression:

“The good news is we have a few tools at our disposal. We have the internet, we have mobile phones, and now, we have Bitcoin peer-to-peer, electronic cash.”

Youssef’s business, Paxful, currently numbers 10 million users worldwide. But the CEO explained that the crypto community needs to move a lot faster in order to reach a billion users in the next five to 10 years. He referred to the explosive growth of telecommunication companies such as M-Pesa in Kenya as examples that adoption can flourish rapidly:

“The telcos have shown us the path, but we aren’t listening. We’re still trying to replace banks with wallets, and that is not the path to a billion citizens. We need something more.”

Ultimately, the key to unlocking growth in emerging markets is teaching citizens about Bitcoin and the properties of hard money, Youssef believes.

“A focus on education is great. But primarily we have to shift away from this mindset that we have right now of just replacing banks with wallets.”

It’s true that Bitcoin wallets do act as a replacement for banks. In El Salvador, for example — a heavily unbanked country — Bitcoin adoption onboarded 4 million users in a year: 70% of the unbanked population gained international payment and remittance services.

However, Youssef went one step further, envisioning a world where Bitcoin helps the unbanked trade and transact freely, creating an abundance of entrepreneurship.

Related: Bitcoin in space is good for user privacy, says Adam Back

Finally, Youssef also joked that Ronnie Coleman, a bodybuilder and eight-time Mr. Olympia winner, would be a Bitcoiner. Cointelegraph reached out to Coleman for comment and will update when possible. 

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